In this training, participants are developing awareness of CCSS, recognize the structure of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) for literacy in the content areas and grasping assessment changes coming with CCSS.
Common Core State Standards and Smarter Balanced Assessments
1. …to the CORE!
Dr. Marci Shepard
Teacher University
May 25, 2012
Introduction:
Common Core State Standards
Smarter Balanced Assessment
Literacy in the Content Areas
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
2. A Picture of Our Day of Learning
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
3. Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
4. CCSS and OSD’s Mission & Vision
CCSS Mission Statement OSD Mission and Vision
The Common Core State Standards Mission: All students
prepared for college, careers
provide a consistent, clear
and life
understanding of what students are
expected to learn, so teachers and
Vision: All students will develop
parents know what they need to do knowledge, skills and attitudes to
to help them. The standards are be successful life-long learners and
designed to be robust and relevant engaged citizens in a
to the real world, reflecting the diverse, global society.
knowledge and skills that our young • Quality instruction in every
people need for success in college classroom
and careers. With American • Articulated, aligned curriculum
students fully prepared for the and assessments across the
future, our communities will be best system
positioned to compete successfully • 21st Century teaching, learning
in the global economy and leading
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
5. CCSS and OSD’s Mission & Vision
CCSS Mission Statement OSD Mission and Vision
The Common Core State Standards Mission: All students
prepared for college, careers
provide a consistent, clear
and life
understanding of what students are
expected to learn, so teachers and
Vision: All students will develop
parents know what they need to do to knowledge, skills and attitudes
help them. The standards are to be successful life-long learners
designed to be robust and relevant to and engaged citizens in a
the real world, reflecting the diverse, global society.
knowledge and skills that our • Quality instruction in every
young people need for success in classroom
college and careers. With • Articulated, aligned curriculum
American students fully prepared for and assessments across the
the future, our communities will be system
best positioned to compete • 21st Century teaching, learning
successfully in the global economy. and leading
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
6. Agenda
General Session Breakout Sessions
12:55-1:40 1:45-2:45
• CCSS Overview • English Language Arts
• Literacy in all content (ELA)
areas • Mathematics
• Smarter-Balanced • Science
Assessment (SBAC) • All other content areas
• Orting’s Implementation
timeline
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
7. Facebook Friends on TU…
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
8. Learning Target
We are building awareness and gaining
familiarity with the Common Core State
Standards and assessment (SBAC).
• Develop awareness of CCSS
• Recognize the structure of the Common Core
State Standards (CCSS) for literacy
• Grasp assessment changes coming
• Consider implications and implementation plans
for OSD
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
9. Cause for Concern?
___% of high school graduates lack the literacy
skills employers seek (National Governor’s
Association).
Lack of basic skills costs universities and
businesses as much as $ _____ annually.
(Greene, 2000)
Only one out of ____ twelfth-grade students is a
proficient writer. (Salahya-Din, Persky, &
Miller, 2008)
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
10. Cause for Concern?
40% of high school graduates lack the literacy
skills employers seek (National Governor’s
Association).
Lack of basic skills costs universities and
businesses as much as $ 16 billion annually.
(Greene, 2000)
Only one out of 4 twelfth-grade students is a
proficient writer. (Salahya-Din, Persky, &
Miller, 2008)
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
11. What are Common Core State
Standards?
• The Common Core State Standards describe the
knowledge and skills in English Language Arts and
Mathematics that students will need when they
graduate, whatever their choice of college or career.
These sets of standards define the knowledge and
skills students should have to succeed in entry-
level, credit-bearing, academic college courses and
in workforce training programs. The standards are
based on the best national and international
standards, giving our students a competitive
advantage in the global economy.
Table tent
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
12. Washington's Transition and
Implementation
OSPI and its partners will oversee a four-phase
implementation strategy. Phase one begins in
2011-12 with developing awareness of what the
standards are and how they differ from existing
standards. By 2014-15 these standards will be fully
implemented and student achievement will be
measured by a new assessment system.
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
13. KEY on your table…
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
14. Common Core Standards
What
Why
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
15. Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
16. Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
17. Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
18. Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
19. Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
20. 20
History / Social Studies
Science, and Technical Subjects
• “It is important to note that these reading
standards are meant to complement the specific
content demands of the disciplines, not replace
them.”
page 60
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
21. Literacy in History/Social
Studies, Science, and Technical
Subjects
• Standards for reading and writing in:
▫ Science
▫ Social Studies
▫ History
▫ Other Technical Subjects*
*A course devoted to a practical study, such as
engineering, technology, design, business, or other
workforce-related subject; a technical aspect of a wider field
of study, such as art or music. (CCSS Glossary)
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
22. Define College and Career Ready
• Demonstrate • Build strong content
independence knowledge
• Comprehend & evaluate • Respond to the demands
complex texts of
• Construct effective audience, task, purpose,
arguments & discipline
• Convey intricate & • Comprehend as well as
multifaceted information critique
• Discern a speaker’s key • Value evidence
points • Use technology & digital
• Ask relevant questions media strategically
• Understand other
perspectives & cultures
How many of these skills apply to other content areas?
How many of Marci Shepard Ortingrely District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
Dr.
these skills School upon literacy skills?
23. Standards for English Language Arts
&
Literacy in History/Social
Studies, Science, and Technical
Subjects
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
24. “This division reflects the unique,
time-honored place of ELA teachers in
developing student’s literacy skills
while at the same time recognizing that
teachers in other areas must have a
role in this development as well.”
(Introduction to the CCSS, p. 4)
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
25. Topics For Reading
K-5 and 6-12, and Literacy in History/Social Studies,
Science and Technical Subjects 6-12
Key Ideas and Details
Craft and Structure
Integration of Knowledge and Ideas
Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
26. Grade-specific
standards for
Literacy in Grade-specific
History/Social standards
Studies grades 6-12 distinctly identify
what students
should learn in
each grade band.
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
27. Grade-specific
standards for
Literacy in Science
and Technical
Subjects 6-12
Same concept as
History/SS--different
skills
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
28. Reading: Literacy Standards for History/Social
Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects
• Reading Anchor Standards (page 60)
• Reading Standards for Literacy in History/Social
Studies 6-12 (page 61)
• Reading Standards for Literacy in Science and
Technical Subjects 6-12 (page 62)
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
29. 29
Topics for Writing
K-5 and 6-12, and Literacy in History/Social Studies,
Science and Technical Subjects 6-12
• Writing Topics
– Text types and Purposes
– Production and Distribution of Writing
– Research to Build and Present Knowledge
– Range of Writing (starts at 3rd Grade)
– Types of text
– Argument
– Informative/explanatory
– Narrative
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
30. Unlike the Reading
Standards, there is no
division within the
subjects.
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
31. 31
Writing: Literacy Standards for History/Social
Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects
• Writing Anchor Standards (page 63)
• Writing Standards for Literacy in History/Social
Studies, Science and Technical Subjects 6-12 (page 64)
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
32. 32
Research and evidence;
Appendices glossary of key
terms, overview of each
• Appendix A strand; text complexity;
▫ Reading (page 2)
conventions grade-level chart
▫ Writing (page 23)
• Appendix B
Reading text exemplars with
▫ Grades 9-10
sample performance tasks
ELA (page 101)
History/Social Studies & Art (page 130&138)
Science, Math and Technical Subjects (page 133&138)
▫ Grade 11-CCR
ELA (page 140)
History/Social Studies & Art (page 172&183)
Science, Math and Technical Subjects (page 179&183)
• Appendix C
▫ Grade 9 (page 57)
▫ Grade 10 (65) Annotated student writing
▫ Grade 11 (70) samples, K-12
▫ Grade 12 (76) Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
33. Who is responsible for teaching the
Literacy Standards?
“The Standards insist that instruction in
reading, writing, speaking, listening, and
language be a shared responsibility within the
school.”
(Introduction to the CCSS, p. 4)
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
34. Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
35. Common Core Reading Reading Standards forReading Standards Notes
Standards for Literacy in for Literacy in (Similarities,
Information Text History/Social Studies
Science and Differences,
Grade 7 Grade 6-8 Technical Subjects Collaborative
Grades 6-8 Ideas)
Key Ideas & Details Key Ideas & Details Key Ideas & Details
3. Analyze the 3. Identify key steps 3. Follow
interactions between in a text’s description precisely a
individuals, of a multistep
events, and ideas in a process related to procedure when
text (e.g., how ideas history/social studies carrying out
influence individuals (e.g., how experiments,
or events, or how a bill becomes law, taking
individuals how interest rates measurements,
influence ideas or are raised or performing
events). or lowered). technical tasks.
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
36. Common Core Reading Reading Standards forReading Standards Notes
Standards for Literacy in for Literacy in (Similarities,
Information Text History/Social Studies
Science and Differences,
Grade 7 Grade 6-8 Technical Subjects Collaborative
Grades 6-8 Ideas)
Key Ideas & Details Key Ideas & Details Key Ideas & Details
3. Analyze the 3. Identify key steps 3. Follow
interactions between in a text’s description precisely a
individuals, of a multistep
events, and ideas in a process related to procedure when
text (e.g., how ideas history/social studies carrying out
influence individuals (e.g., how experiments,
or events, or how a bill becomes law, taking
individuals how interest rates measurements,
influence ideas or are raised or performing
events). or lowered). technical tasks.
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
37. Common Core Reading Reading Standards for Reading Standards Notes
Standards for Literacy in for Literacy in (Similarities,
Information Text History/Social Studies Science and Differences,
Grade 7 Grade 6-8 Technical Subjects Collaborative
Grades 6-8 Ideas)
Key Ideas & Details Key Ideas & Details Key Ideas & Details
3. Analyze the 3. Identify key 3. Follow
interactions between steps in a text’s precisely a
individuals, description of a multistep
events, and ideas in process related to procedure when
a text (e.g., how ideas history/social carrying out
influence individuals studies (e.g., how experiments,
or events, or how a bill becomes law, taking
individuals how interest rates measurements,
influence ideas or are raised or performing
events). or lowered). technical tasks.
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
38. Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
39. SMARTER
Balanced Assessment System
New Assessments:
What We Know So Far
“Embrace ambiguity”
April 2012
OSPI-Smarter Balanced Assessment System
April 2012 39
Update
40. Next Generation Assessments
• More rigorous tests measuring student progress toward
“college and career readiness”
• Have common, comparable scores across member
states, and across consortia
• Provide achievement and growth information to help
make better educational decisions and professional
development opportunities
• Assess all students, except those with “significant
cognitive disabilities”
• Administer online, with timely results
• Use multiple measures
OSPI-Smarter Balanced Assessment System
April 2012 40
Update
41. A Balanced Assessment System:
ELA and Math --Grades 3-8 and High School
Summative
assessments
Benchmarked to
college and career
readiness
Common
Core State
Teachers and All students
Standards
schools have leave
specify
information and high school
K-12
tools they need college
expectations
to improve and career
for college
teaching and ready
and career
readiness learning
Teacher resources for
formative Interim assessments
assessment Flexible, open, used
practices for actionable
to improve instruction feedback
OSPI-Smarter Balanced Assessment System
April 2012 41
Update
42. Using Computer Adaptive Technology for
Summative and Interim Assessments
Faster results • Turnaround in weeks compared to months today
Shorter test length • Fewer questions compared to fixed form tests
• Provides accurate measurements of student growth over
Increased precision time
Tailored to student • Item difficulty based on student responses
ability
• Larger item banks mean that not all students receive the
Greater security same questions
• GMAT, GRE, COMPASS (ACT), Measures of Academic
Mature technology Progress (MAP)
OSPI-Smarter Balanced Assessment System
April 2012 42
Update
43. Summative: Time and format
ELA and Math (last 12 weeks of year):
– Computer Adaptive Testing
• Selected response (MC), Constructed Response
(open-ended), Technology enhanced (e.g., drag
and drop, video clips, limited web-interface)
– Performance Tasks (like our CBAs)
• Up to 2 per content area in grades 3-8
• Up to 6 per content area in High School
OSPI-Smarter Balanced Assessment System
April 2012 43
Update
44. Interim: Time and format
Interim assessments
– Can be used as often as needed
– Can be customized by districts/schools
• To focus on selected strands
• To clone summative test
– Will use Computer Adaptive Technology
– Released items from summative item bank
OSPI-Smarter Balanced Assessment System
April 2012 44
Update
45. Formative Assessment
• Optional for states
Improves Instruction • Non-secure
• Access to the best resources available without re-
inventing the wheel
Pooled Resources
OSPI-Smarter Balanced Assessment System
April 2012 45
Update
46. Washington’s Testing System Transition
Current Testing System
Reading and Math: Grades 3–8 and 10
Writing: Grades 4, 7, 10
Science: Grades 5, 8, 10
SBAC/CCSS Testing System
English/Language Arts and Math: Grade 3–8 and 11*
Science exams (grades 5, 8, high school) are required
under legislation but are not included in SBAC
()
*11th grade to measure college and career readiness. We are
working with higher ed to explore the possible use of these
measures as an alternative for college placement (or entrance).
April 2012
OSPI-Smarter Balanced Assessment System
46
Update
47. How to Find Out More:
www.SmarterBalanced.org
OSPI-Smarter Balanced Assessment System
April 2012 47
Update
48. May 2012
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
49. Washington’s Transition and
Implementation
OSPI and its partners will oversee a four-phase
implementation strategy. Phase one begins in
2011-12 with developing awareness of what the
standards are and how they differ from existing
standards. By 2014-15 these standards will be fully
implemented and student achievement will be
measured by a new assessment system.
SBAC
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
50. Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
51. Before…
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
52. After…
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
53. 2010-2011
Training for
PowerStandards
• K-5 math
• 6-8 Math
• Algebra &
Geometry
• 9-12 ELA
Communication
• Instructional
Council
• Key
Communicator
• PD/Meetings
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
54. 2011-2012
CCSS Workgroup
• Overview for all
• Math
• ELA
• Implementation planning
OSPI/ESD Trainings
• Marci and teachers attend 2-day math
training
• Marci and teachers attend 2-day ELA
training
Teacher University
• Provided printed standards
• Overview of standards and
assessment
Communication
• Teacher University
• OSD Website
• Key Communicator
• Twitter
• Presentation to the school board
• Teacher meeting with Superintendent
• Instructional Council
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May PD/Meetings
• 2012
55. 2012-2013
Math Transition OPS
• K-Counting and Cardinality (CC);
Operations and Algebraic
Thinking (OA)
• 1&2-Operations and Algebraic
Thinking (OA); Number and
Operations in Base Ten (NBT)
PtR
• Number and Operations-
Fractions (NF); Operations and
Algebraic Thinking (OA)
OMS
• 6&7-Ratio and Proportion
Relationship (RP); Number
System (NS); Expressions and
Equations (EE)
• 8-Number System (NS);
Expressions and Equations (EE);
Functions (F)
OHS
• Algebra 1&Geometry-Unit 1;
Unit 2; Unit 4
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
56. Math Transition
2013-2014
OPS
• Measurement and Data (MD);
Geometry (G)
PtR
• Number and Operations in
Base Ten (NBT);
Measurement and Data (MD)
OMS
• Geometry (G); Statistics and
Probability (SP)
OHS
• Algebra 1-Unit 3; Unit 5
• Geometry – Unit 3, Unit 5;
Unit 6
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
57. Full Implementation 2014-2015
Math Transition
• All domains
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
58. ELA Transition
2012-2013
ELA teachers (K-5 & 6-12)
• Foundational Skills (K-5)
• Reading Standards – Literary
and Informational
• Language Standards #4-6 –
Vocabulary Acquisition and Use
• And…
Other content area teachers (6-12)
• College and Career Readiness
(CCR) Anchor Standards for
Reading & Reading Standards
for Literacy in the content areas
• Emphasis on #10 – Text
Complexity
• Emphasis on #4 –
Academic Vocabulary
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
59. 2013-2014
ELA Transition ELA teachers (K-5 & 6-12)
• Writing Standards
• Language Standards #1-3 –
Conventions of Standard
English
• Speaking and Listening
Standards
• And…
Other content area teachers (6-12)
• College and Career Readiness
(CCR) Anchor Standards for
Writing & Writing Standards for
Literacy in the content areas
• Emphasis on #1 –
Arguments focused on
discipline-specific content
• Reading #10 – Balance of
informational and literary texts
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
60. Full Implementation 2014-2015
Math Transition
• All domains
ELA Transition
ELA teachers
• All reading, writing, language
and speaking & listening
standards
6-12 Other content area teachers
• All CCR Reading standards
• All CCR Writing standards
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
61. Technology and Multi-Media Skills
2012-2013
Develop a K-12 skills
continuum
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
62. Full Implementation 2014-2015
Math Transition
• All domains
ELA Transition
ELA teachers
• All reading, writing, language
and speaking & listening
standards
6-12 Other content area teachers
• All CCR Reading standards
• All CCR Writing standards
Technology/Multi-media
Skills
All teachers
• Incorporate technology and
multi-media to
gather, research, develop and
publish information
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
63. Recommended PD
2012-2013
K-5
• 1-2 days release time for CCSS
mathematics shift
• PLC Facilitators meet 5 times
(4 reading topics and 1
language) then lead learning in
PLCs
• IA’s join PLCs when it’s a
literacy focus
6-12
• 1-2 days release time for ELA
and Math teachers
All teachers (TU):
• CCR Reading – focus on text
complexity and academic
vocabulary
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
64. Recommended PD 2013-2014
K-5
• 1-2 days release time for CCSS
mathematics shift
• PLC Facilitators meet times (4
writing topics, 1 language and 1
speaking & listening) then lead
learning in PLCs
• IA’s join PLCs when it’s a
literacy focus
6-12
• 1-2 days release time for ELA
and Math teachers
All teachers (TU):
• CCR writing – focus on
arguments and balance of
literary & information texts
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
65. OSD Website
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
66. Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
67. Breakout Sessions
• ELA - Room #WW8
• Math - Room #WW7
• Science - Room #204
• Literacy in content areas - Commons
Dr. Marci Shepard Orting School District Teaching, Learning & Assessment May 2012
Notas del editor
Hook/building sense of purpose and linkage to preparing all students for college and career. 40%, $16B, 4
Hook/building sense of purpose and linkage to preparing all students for college and career. 40%, $16B, 4
Staircase is K12The top is college and career readyEach year you move up; you come back to learnings but one level up
Spiral – builds on prior knowledgeStandards are written as performance standards. Verbs are measurable so we can see if students are performing at standard. It’s not just what students will KNOW but what they will DO
Vertical alignmentMost standards are horizontal – this is a collective of what students need to know at this grade levelFirst grade is 1 rotation, second grade is 2 rotations….
A high school graduation can…Look at standard – Is this a skill set students need after high school? Yes. CCSS is backwards design from that.
ELA – Anchor StandardsMath – College and Career Readiness Standards with domains and clustersYear after year it builds on the previous year. We will know students have the skills needed to work at this level. If I teach 2nd grade I should be able to say, “I know kids know how to …. so in 2nd grade kids will be ready to learn …. “
An additional component of the CCSS are the Literacy Standards.Note: Technical Subjects definition. Who is responsible for teaching the standards: All teachers. Designed to be addressed by all teachers. In the next video you will see a clip of David Coleman explaining the reasoning behind the Literacy Standards.
For ELA, the Common Core has defined CCR as….How many of these skills apply to other content areas? How many of these skills rely upon literacy skills?
So the full document is titled….
The grade specific standards distinctly identify what should be learned in each grade band. It is important to note that the grade specific standards are split: Literacy in History/Social Studies 6-12 and Literacy in Science and Technical Subjects 6-12.
Same concept, different subjects.
Pull out card stockFirst three are K-12Look at standards, what do you notice about standards 8, 9, 10Call out 8,9, 10 begin Types of text: page 41
Turn to your neighbor and discuss how you answer this question.The heavy lifting must be shared by all.
SBAC Assessment System PrinciplesAn integrated systemEvidence-based approachTeacher involvementState-led with transparent governanceFocus: improving teaching and learningActionable information – multiple measuresEstablished professional standards
This slide provides a snapshot of key activities related to the development process for the assessment system. One of the key areas in which districts and states have concerns is regarding technology systems capacity to support operation of the digital library and the assessments themselves – this is an issue present for all states and is embedded within the work of the 2011-12 year to continue doing technology capacity and development work. States and school districts will be asked to participate and respond to efforts to evaluate overall system readiness during the 11-12 year. This will likely be communicated and collected through and with district assessment coordinators.It is also anticipated that the pool of interim items and formative assessment tools will become available sometime in late 2012.