1. CARCHI STATE UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
SCHOOL OF NURSING
ENGLISH PORTFOLIO
RESPONSIBLE: MARCO PULLOQUINGA
TEACHER: IVAN FUERTES
TULCÁN - FEBRUARY – 2013

2. APPRECIATION
I would like these lines serve to express my deep and sincere gratitude to all those
who have collaborated with their help for the acquisition of knowledge which are
reflected in the implementation of this work, but mostly for motivation and support
received. Deserves special recognition for your interest in my work and the
suggestions received by people close which lead me to beat and be getting better,
I am indebted for the encouragement and confidence instilled in me deposited.
Deserves special thanks for understanding, patience and encouragement received
from my family and my teacher basically Iván Fuertes a great job instilling wise to
impart knowledge which will be used for the development of my career and for life.
To everyone, thank you very much.

3. OBJECTIVES
GENERAL
Buying all the necessary skills to decipher, understand and interpret texts of any
kind in the English language
SPECIFIC



Expand our knowledge in order to achieve thus a proper understanding of
the English language
Keep the knowledge acquired in class to language development based on a
constructive practice the same
Apply the knowledge learned in the classroom

4. INTRODUCTION
English has established worldwide as the most useful language and is the most in
demand as a second language worldwide. The English dominates in business,
science, tourism and popular culture, is aimed at people who attend or intend to
study different careers. Nowadays we are living different changes in the levels of
learning, either across the board, scientifically or technically, especially when it
comes to learning new languages.
When we are living in a time in which the English language has become
increasingly important so both because of the circumstances and the
communication link has gained nearly reach internationally. Going the natural
distances could comment today as English like what happened in the middle Ages
with the Latin. It traveled less, but that joy for two travelers. cults found in various
parts of the world and able to communicate in the same language, despite the
various changes that have arisen throughout history. For this reason there is the
urgent need to raise awareness not only linguistic changes but how to implement
them.

5. JUSTIFICATION
The fundamental reason why English is so important studies because it is
essential to use as a means of communication. The Englishman will give us access
to better education and better opportunities, give us access to current and
complete information, we will know the latest developments and can access most
scientific texts, academic and technology, written in English.
We show other cultures, lifestyles and different ways of thinking, you can meet
new and interesting and understand their customs. Thus provide the opportunity to
acquire knowledge and vocabulary, each time a better understanding, confidence
will increase, and thus demonstrate several fundamental and necessary language
skills for career development

6. BIOGRAFHY
My name is Marco Pulloquinga, I'm from Latacunga, I have 22, my mother's name
is Maria del Carmen Siza, my father Pulloquinga Second, I have two brothers, my
older brother called Edison Siza, is 25 and my sister's name is
Angelica Pulloquinga, has 20 years, my primary education developed in the
Columbus school and develop my secondary studies at San Antonio de Padua,
currently studying Nursing at the State University Carchi, I'm finishing the 5th level,
race decided study because it is a career that crave from my childhood, also
because I have decided to help people who need my help, and the biggest
opportunity of my life is to face my challenges presented each day in my life,
showing me ability, my ability and justifying what one sets in life is attainable.

7. DOSSIER

8. UNIVERSITY POLYTECHNIC STATE OF CARCHI
FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
SCHOOL OF NURSING
BY: Marco Pulloquinga
DO YOU THINK THAT THE WAY YOU LOOK OR THE CLOTHES YOU WEAR
ON AFFECT YOUR SELF- STEEM¿ WHY? WHY NOT?
First, the self-esteem is a very important personality of each of the people value
because the self-esteem is reflected in the quality of successes and defeats is that
self-esteem is closely related to the type of clothing and color in some cases and
not in others.
Secondly, magazine for women (2010) says that “Eight out of ten Argentine claims
that self-esteem is reflected in what they wear. Moreover, six out of ten trust that
when they feel bad, they get something special to feel more beautiful" (p. 1). I also
think that self-esteem is reflected in their dress and in their colored clothes for
example when using a color black means sadness, depression, but if they are
dressed in colorful clothes means they have a high self-esteem and are constantly
overcoming them and observe the positive side of life.
Thirdly, in some cases we can say that the type of clothing as color depends on
our self-esteem but we know there are some people who think the same as each
type has its own identification and in some cases do not know how they find their
self-esteem.
In conclusion, the self-esteem is reflected rather the color of clothing that acts a
psychological level but not dress, also you must always keep in mind that selfesteem is a very important value in people for overcoming and reflect its beauty.

9. UNIVERSITY POLYTECHNIC STATE OF CARCHI
FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
SCHOOL OF NURSING
BY: Marco Pulloquinga
THE NUTRITION IN ADOLESCENTS IS VERY IMPORTANT IN ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE
Firstly, the feeding plays an important role in school performance, a factor that is
considered very important in the loss year or the pass. Also, keep in mind that
adolescence is a time of growth and development which must be fed well to
strengthen your physical and mental state.
According to the World Health Organization is considering adolescent the young
between 10 and 19 years old. Time many changes both physical interest of any
kind in the adolescent. also be taken into account that during this stage established
the breakfast is very important because teens need many energies to academic
performance and you must take into account that such foods are needed for
example carbohydrates is necessary because they generate large amount energy,
vitamins also to enhance the body's defenses and proteins to improve body
musculature.
Moreover, the balanced nutrition helps establish a growth according to age, so it is
important to establish a schedule of meals are usually three on the day between
meals is good but a type of food or treat that complements daily nutrition Lorea
Perez the doctor tells us that nutrition is a determining factor in the adolescent
growth. Nutritional imbalances at this stage can be the basis of future diseases like
cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis and disorders of the
immune system.
Finally, we must consider that has made studies in which we noted that the
adolescent Nutrition depend on factors such as poverty, race, having remoteness
from home to school because teenagers have to get up early, we must also note
that teens in rural sites do not comply with proper nutrition. How important
education is to provide the feed where should include the following: fruit,
vegetables, cereals, potatoes, milk, cheese, yogurt, meat, fish and eggs.

10. UNIVERSITY POLITHECNIC STATE OF CARCHI
FACULTY OF MEDICINE
SCHOOL OF NURSING
ENSAY
By: Marco Pulloquinga
"ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF HAVING A PRIVATE CAR"
These days many people buy a car. All these cars are generally for personal use,
there are various designs and models that captivate people who buy these cars. Is
this as good as it looks?
Have a private car has some obvious advantages. To start with, you can travel
where you decide. This makes you have time on your hands and that the car will
be available when you want. Secondly, do not waste time trying to find taxi to go to
work, so you can sleep a little more and not have to get up early.
However, there are also some disadvantages. Firstly, have a car means that you
must pay a lot of money for maintenance and gasoline, because this involves
paying fines and annual maintenance if there is mechanical failure. Secondly, there
is obligatory task for traffic accident insurance and carriage enrollment each year.
As a result you should spend a lot of money each year.
In conclusion, there are both advantages and disadvantages to have a private car.
It is easy and convenient, but is also risk and we should consider all the pros and
cons before we consider doing it.

11. UNIVERSITY POLITHECNIC STATE OF CARCHI
FACULTY OF MEDICINE
SCHOOL OF NURSING
PROJECT
TITLE: ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICINES
Presented by:
Marco Pulloquinga
Teacher:
MSC. Iván Fuertes
Parallel: 7”A”
TULCAN - CARCHI – 2014

12. INTRODUCTION
First, the routes of administration of medications are very important to have the
right skills, and that will help us to get early treatment and avoid medical
malpractice. Moreover, the drugs have different routes of administration, so if a
drug is administered via the wrong can result in death. Also the person
administering a drug is responsible for the recovery of the patient for a specific
treatment because hospital patients are provided by nurses and depends on good
administration of drugs to recover soon. however, the mismanagement of drugs is
a global problem by the lack of professionalism, also by the recklessness of not
knowing what route of administration should be used for each drug for this reason
there have been many medical malpractice and have died many patients.

13. OBJETIVES
General objective
Analyze the different routes of administration of medicines.
Objectives specific

Know the advantages and disadvantages of the routes of administration of
medicines

Have certain criteria for choosing a route of administration of drugs.

14. GRAMMAR
The grammar that use in the project is:






Present simple
Past simple
Present progressive
Past progressive
Future will
Pronouns

15. ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICINES
ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICATION BY MOUTH
The administration of medications by mouth is the most common in patients who
have serious illnesses, also a medicinal product which is administered orally in the
presentation will be capsule, tablet, on the other hand we must keep in mind that
these drugs are digested in the stomach and its effect is delayed in producing.
Advantages:




It is more comfortable.
Economical route.
Produce a local and systemic effect.
Produces anxiety and fear.
Disadvantages:
 It cannot be given when the patient is vomiting.
 You cannot manage when it has been subjected to anesthesia (High risk of
aspiration).
 When it has been operated in the stomach or intestines.
 Swallowing problems.
 Gastric suction.
 Unconscious or disoriented patients.
ADMINISTRATION OF MEDICATION SUBCUTANEOUSLY

16. For the administration of drugs subcutaneously we must consider that this is
already done by using injections but we must take into account that it is given with
an angle of 45 degrees. Best subcutaneous injection points include external back
of the arms, the abdomen from the costal margins fall to the iliac crests, and the
front faces of the muscles.
Advantages:
 Allows administration of microcrystals, suspensions or small deposits
forming pellets from which the drug is gradually adsorbed by the long period
and thus a sustained effect of this is accomplished.
 There is a risk of blood as abundant as muscle.
Disadvantages:
 Only allows the administration of small volumes (0.5 to 2 ml) to not cause
pain bloating.
 No permits administration of irritants that may cause severe pain and
distension of tissues.
MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION BY THE INTRAMUSCULAR ROUTE
It is the injection of a medication into muscle tissue. The injections that are used
most often are: gluteal muscles, lateral thighs and delts. Intramuscularly provides

17. faster absorption subcutaneous drug due to increased muscle vasculature. The
nurse uses a longer and larger gauge to pass through the subcutaneous tissue and
penetrate deep into the muscle tissue needle.
Advantages:
 The absorption is faster than subcutaneously and can be administered more
irritating substances and larger volumes of medicaments.
 When this has altered or gastrointestinal system.
 The patient is sick and cannot cooperate is given.
Disadvantages:
 Although it can be administered 1 to 10 ml, greater volumes of 5 ml may
cause pain due to distension.
 Injection of irritants can cause sores or local access.
 The injection into the sciatic nerve may involve paralysis and atrophy of the
muscles in the lower limb.
ADMINISTRATION OF INTRAVENOUS MEDICATIONS
The administration of intravenous medication is the most used in most critical
patients because the drugs through this route have a faster effect because the
medications are administered at the level of bloodstream.
Advantages:
 It is the fastest way to introduce a drug into the circulation method.
 Let’s get a start action immediately.
 You can suspend your administration if undesirable effects occur because
the dosage is accurate.
 Let’s keep monitoring blood levels of the drug.
Disadvantages:

18. 





The very rapid administration may cause undesirable effects.
Cause anxiety to patients.
Potential damage to internal tissues.
Potential bleeding.
Requires aseptically.
More expensive.

19. CONCLUSIONS
 In conclusion, to use a type of route of administration of medication depends
on the treatment and medication prescribed by the doctor.
 The administration of a drug by the wrong route may produce many
complications of patient can even because death is known as medical
malpractice.

20. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 Villa LF. Formas farmacéuticas. En: Villa LF. Medimecum. Barcelona:
Adis; 2002; p. 20-3.
 Villa LF. Uso de fármacos oculares tópicos. Medimecum. Barcelona: Adis,
2002; p. 731.
 Botella M, Hernández OM, López ML, Rodríguez A. Administración de
medicación por vía tópica ocular. Cuidados auxiliares de enfermería.
Cuadernillo de técnicas básicas de enfermería. Santa Cruz de Tenerife:
Gobierno de Canarias, Consejería de Educación, Cultura y Deportes; 2002;
p. 68-9.
 Esteve J, Mitjans J. Administración de medicamentos: oftálmica. En:
Enfermería. Técnicas clínicas. Madrid: McGraw-Hill Interamericana, 2002;
p. 201-4.
 Perry A, Potter PA. Administración de medicamentos oculares. En:
Enfermería clínica : técnicas y procedimientos. 4ª ed. Madrid: Elsevier
España; 1999; p. 191-6.

21. PERSONAL RESOURCES
HOW TO WRITE AN ESSAY
Sample question:
You have been doing a class project on reading habits. You have been asked to
write an essay giving your opinion on the Following statement:
Nowadays, teenagers hardly read anything Because They spend too much time
watching films or videos on computers.
1. Read the instructions carefully
To write a good essay, the first thing to do is read the instructions. I recommend
you read the "statement" two or three times, at least to understand what you are
saying:
Example:
Nowadays, teenagers hardly read anything Because They spend too much time
watching films or videos on computers.
Note that it is a negative argument “teens spend much time watching movies and
videos on the internet and for that reason do not read." You should contrast this
view. That means you must give arguments for and against, to end with a
conclusion.
2. Prepare an outline using useful phrases
It is very important to connect the test arguments in a specific order. I leave
examples of phrases that will be useful for this purpose.
- Many people / some people argue ... Many people, some people argue....
- It is often said... It is said that often...
- However, in my opinion view ... However, in my opinion...
- Firstly, it is true (clear) that ... First, it is true (it is clear) that....
- While it is true that ... While it is true that...
- On the one hand, and on the other hand (Caution: always use it to compare
opinions from two different (not equal) angles For example: On the one hand it is

22. true That Most teenagers watch music videos all day , but on the other . they learn
many new hand skills through those videos. Firstly, it is true that most teenagers
watching videos all day, but on the other hand, learn new skills through these
videos).
- Finally, it is important to take into account that.... Finally it is important to note
that...
Compose an outline (you can write in the booklet they give you), taking into
account the instructions above, and using some of the following useful phrases.
Here's an example of outline for you write four paragraphs (recommended):
1. Introduction: Rewrite the statement (statement) in your own words to start the
test. For example:
In today's world, many teenagers have access to internet and doing lot
THEREFORE chance to watch free online videos and films.
2. Development: Give the arguments for and against.
While watching an online video or film is not a bad activity per se, doing it all the
time at home parents is.if screen monitor their hours it is perfectly possible to keep
a balance between films online and watching videos and reading.
3. Conclusion: Give your personal opinion that connects with your last argument.
In my opinion, THEREFORE, teenagers can watch films or video online and
continue to have the habit of reading if they have the discipline to Organize Their
time well.
3. Prepare the vocabulary you will use
 With the scheme got to have organized the information and make sure we
are answering the question. But we have to think how to fill it with the
appropriate vocabulary and structures. To do this I suggest you to visualize
the assertion (statement) of the question.
 For example, imagining a boy looking at computer in your room you may
think:
 Watch movies and videos in another language, so learn. He watches films
and music videos in another language and, therefore I learn.
 Watch movies with subtitles. I have watches films with subtitles.

23.  You can learn how to write in other language videos. I can learn how to write
in another language using videos.
HOW TO WRITE THIS SHORT ARTICLE
Create a benefit -oriented so that people open your email title. Place spice to your
title. Be irreverent!
Create an introduction of one to three sentences by way of hook . Include
information about what you will get your audience. How will this product improve
their lives or business?
Know the purpose of your article and the specific audience. Adjust your message
just for them.
The audience for this article includes entrepreneurs who want to promote their
products or services with the help of a short article. It is attractive to entrepreneurs,
professionals, coaches and consultants with a book or provide a service to sell . It
is also attractive to publishers' websites and ezine publishers optin freebies
seeking to attract new customers.
Write an outline containing four to six important points that you will develop in your
writing.
My outline and headings for this article includes the seven ways of writing:
Write for your target audience.
To begin, write an outline.
Write each paragraph to support your header.
Perform a schema containing four to six elements.
Write two to four sentences per paragraph.
Create four to six paragraphs for each header.
Check your writing for ways to reduce your article.
Remember that each sentence should support your main thesis , which is the main
benefit of how the particular problem or challenge facing your reader will be
resolved. In this case, I read seven solutions to write a short article.

24. Divide each paragraph in three sentences standard length (15 to 17 words
each). For dramatic effect, write one or two short sentences. A paragraph contains
about 100 words. Five paragraphs of five sentences of 20 words or less will be
close to 500 words.
Create four to six paragraphs for each header
All child elements must also support the thesis. Write concisely, paragraphs that
call to action and to explain and give examples
If you write more than 100 words, reduce post. No mention stories or analogies.
Reduce the examples. Delete redundant sentences, phrases and words. Minimize
the verb "is" and "y" . These slow the message and stop the reader, are a mortal
sin in writing. Readers will feel bored and leave. Instead, use verbs that call to
action and substantive full of color and life.
Check your letter seeking ways to reduce your article.
Use bullets to clarify and reduce the message.
Reduce or eliminate quotes and anecdotes.
Replace adverbs and adjectives with powerful verbs and nouns.
Do not include superfluous words like "it"
Use phrases of one or syllables so that the message is legible.
How to write a short story
These days we launch another writing workshop scenes , so I want to take in to
post talking about some of the keys to writing a story, a short story or micro story
as the workshop.
HOW TO WRITE A SHORT STORY
As you know, one of the requirements to participate in the workshop is that the
texts that you send us may not exceed 750 words. The question is : can you really
tell a story in 750 words? Of course you do! And with much less . Just keep in mind
that counting mechanisms do not work like the novel.

25. Let us examine some of these mechanisms through the Decalogue to write short
stories:
1. Focus on action
Not in the story. The story is not only a story because it tells a story, but the
narrative has to be more condensed in the novel and focus on what happens , no
time or space for other dissertations.
In the story there is no place for long descriptions or extensive moral or
psychological ramblings. This does not mean that the story has to be simple and
free of these elements. May be, but as subtext, hidden between these lines or
directly with the right words. It's all about space!
Some time ago I read a quote that stuck with me was engraved: A science fiction
novel describes a world of science fiction; a science fiction story narrates facts of
science fiction. However, both narrative subgenres can make us reflect on reading
them.
2. Do not try to cover everything
Sometimes sin of wanting to have very ambitious stories that have no place in a
short story. Remember the story, usually must occur in a short space of time, have
few main characters (2 or 3 at most) and a main location. If you cannot adapt your
story to these premises, you can you're facing a short novel and not a short story.
3. Find an idea and simplify it
Every idea can always be simplified, just give it a spin. For example, we tell the
story of a man who, after spending many years dedicated to his work, managed to
achieve professional success. It was an important, ambitious guy and he reached
the top, but at the cost of risking his personal life. Over time, made a series of
mistakes and ruined, realizing what was really important.
Can you tell a story well in just 750 words? Yes, but only if we simplify . To do this,
look for the moment with greater force , the time impact of history , so we know
where to focus . I think the peak is found when he realizes he was wrong , so I
think we should tell the story when you have already lost everything.

26. For example, Fulanito is a beggar who asks every morning in a corner of the city
center, in an office area near where he worked long ago. The same executives
among which he included before, are now those who ignore and pass by his corner
without looking.
Remember, when you have your idea, simplify it: looking for impact, instantly.
April. Do not tell, I show it
This must be the council in which more emphasis is placed on any book or article
writing, right? But is it essential and we often forgotten, especially when writing
stories.
A story is not a summary of a story, but a story in itself. Taking the same example
above, we could say that Fulanito is a beggar who asks every morning in a corner
near where he used to work. So was very successful, although recently divorced
and did not have much time for their children because they only cared about his
work, so ... what's this? Is it a story or a short story? It's actually the second.
To tell the story we have to focus on the moment in action : Fulanito has coins box
and realizes that it has not been a good morning. Doubt if you reach for a drink it
hot ... Let's show what happens, demos images , teach history through the action.
May. Keep the structure
Even as a very short story, every story has to have a beginning, middle and end.
For example, “the beggar counting coins in his corner and executives past him
wrapped in his coat “would be the introduction. This is what puts us in history,
what, who, where and when.
The knot could be "the beggar is concerned that you need to take something warm
but does not get the money. Keep calling but executives ignore it. "The outcome
would be the end to give it. For example, “someone takes pity on him and gives
him the money to make the coffee.”
Do not give it all, I suggest it

27. The story is as important as what is said what is silent. As mentioned before, there
is no place for lectures, so forget about explaining the beggar feels bad for you, or
that you regret having lost his family . That has to be implicit in the action. Let the
reader requires.
For example, instead of explaining that the beggar had lost family and with his
work, we can make crossing between executives before him, the beggar
recognized his son and tries to say something. The son turns to him with a face of
disgust and, not recognizing her father, gives a coin, solving the problem of taking
something hot that morning. But obviously, the beggar does not care coffee.
Each sentence has
From start to finish, each sentence of the story has to be there with a function. If
you have little space, few words, take it well. This is not necessary in the first
writing, but in the review. Desmenúzalo analyzes each sentence, each item and
think what the role in history is. Is it essential? If the essence of the text is
understood without that phrase, eliminate it.
Keep the suspense
Do not give all the information to start. Dosifícala and takes the reader to the last
word. If we starting the beggar were formerly an executive and you just meet his
son, then we ran out of dynamite.
Whenever possible, try to at the end of the text there is a twist, a blow, a surprise.
That is justified, of course, but it gives new meaning to the text.
It is best to start with cold beggar has to get money for something hot. So we
created a good starting point. Then we can count since he was once one of those
executives now they ignore you, because it gives us more curious about the
character. Suddenly, someone acknowledges the crowd and called his attention
(intrigue) . This person does not recognize him, but gives him money, but the
beggar would not care about money, because the executive was his son (leaving
the knock on effect for the final).
Rear impact
One of the hardest things but the most important is to get the story leaves a mark
on the reader. Once finished, the text ought to be inside an echo , a reflection , a
feeling.

28. To do this, the last sentence is critical. If we can contain a twist or shocking image
that sheds light on the rest of the story , we will be on the bench .
Returning to the example case, the ideal is to reach the end without knowing who
is the executive that has recognized the beggar and you just give him the money .
In that last sentence (which should also be short, simple and direct to cause
greater impact ) reveal that this is his son (a good twist ending ) and leave hinted
that the beggar is not worried about money ( or looks ) but observe how your child
away helplessly to avoid making the same mistakes he did in the past.
With little environmental
Do not have room for lectures or lengthy descriptions, but the story has to take the
reader to wrap setting. To acclimate in a very short text, use the tone, narrator, and
language and choose the right words. It is not the same as saying “swamp” to say
"swamp”, nor is it just " mist " that " fog " . Each word helps you to build the
atmosphere. Select them carefully.
For example, for the story of the beggar, we are in a city, a winter morning in which
it is very cold, but needless to say all this. We can see the cold mist that comes
from the mouth of the character or making hands wrapped in gloves rub before
counting the money. Even better yet, we can see everything through the executive
offices entering wrapped in thick coats while ignoring the beggar. In this picture we
know is a city that is in the morning, it is winter and it is cold.
The importance of title
We have very little space to develop our history and we have made it clear that
every word counts, right? Well we have some good mischief and aprovechémoslas
all. The title is an extra room that can be very useful. Ideally: to suggest, intrigue
and shed new light on the text once it has finished reading.
Can you think of a title for the story of the beggar that meets these characteristics?
An extra rule for story writers
Finally , a fundamental tip for any writer who wants to pursue writing stories left us ,
but has nothing to do with the writing itself : we have read stories. If we want to
understand how they work and how they are written, it is essential that we know .
Must read Chekhov, Horacio Quiroga, Cortazar , Garcia Marquez, Poe, Borges,
Saki , Ray Bradbury, Bioy Casares, Benedetti , Monterroso ... So many stories as
possible.

29. And that's the fundamental rules for writing a short story . What do you have like?
Any more than you añadiríais to the list? And what do you think of the stories?
Many do you usually read? ? Any story or storyteller imperative that you look?