Technological Challenges and Opportunities for CO2 Capture and Sequestration - Andrei Federov, Georgia Institute of Technology
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Andrei Federov - Georgia Institute of Technology, Speaker at the marcus evans Power Plant Management Summit Fall 2011, delivers his presentation on Technological Challenges and Opportunities for CO2 Capture and Sequestration
![Towards “Sustainable Carbon Economy” Technological Challenges and Opportunities for CO2 Capture & Sequestration Andrei G. Fedorov, PhD Professor & Woodruff Faculty Fellow George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 404-385-1356 (voice) & [email_address] (e-mail) Presentation includes materials provided by Professors Jones, Koros, Chance, Eckert, Liotta and Lieuwen (Georgia Tech) & ARPA-E website](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/andreifederov-111024145755-phpapp02/85/Technological-Challenges-and-Opportunities-for-CO2-Capture-and-Sequestration-Andrei-Federov-Georgia-Institute-of-Technology-1-320.jpg)
![The Need for Sustainable Energy Options 1) Reduce energy consumption (conservation; efficiency but economic growth worldwide??? ) 2) Rely on renewable energy (solar; wind; nuclear; carbon-neutral/biofuels but accessibility/usability/transportability & time scale for implementation??? ) 3) Sequester CO 2 emissions (capture & “permanent” storage: oceans, deep earth but feasibility/accessibility/sustainability??? ) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Sustainable Future in a carbon-constrained world? Every available options will have to be utilized (no silver bullet)! What is feasible/economic & time horizons for different applications?](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Technological Challenges and Opportunities for CO2 Capture and Sequestration - Andrei Federov, Georgia Institute of Technology
- 1. Towards “Sustainable Carbon Economy” Technological Challenges and Opportunities for CO2 Capture & Sequestration Andrei G. Fedorov, PhD Professor & Woodruff Faculty Fellow George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology 404-385-1356 (voice) & [email_address] (e-mail) Presentation includes materials provided by Professors Jones, Koros, Chance, Eckert, Liotta and Lieuwen (Georgia Tech) & ARPA-E website
- 7. CO 2 Capture and Sequestration is Likely Near/Mid-Term Need as Transition to Sustainable Energy
- 13. Why coal?... Abundant worldwide reserves (Top 5 coal reserves ~70% of total resource: USA, Russia, China, Australia, Germany (70%) “ Coal’s future is … not a matter of resource availability or … cost but one of environmental acceptability.” (V. Smil “Energy at the Crossroads”) Coal gasification provides an avenue for CO 2 -neutral use of coal (DOE FutureGen program) Gasification is a “platform technology” that can also be used with natural gas & biomass CO 2 - Neutral Use of Coal: Is it Possible/Feasible? coal CO, H 2 O CO 2 , H 2 CO 2 capture (contaminants OK) H 2 for energy use (high purity) Partial oxidation Water gas shift
- 15. CO 2 Sequestration What are the possibilities?
- 16. Holistic View of Carbon Capture & Sequestration Source: IPCC, 2005
- 20. Latest R&D Advances Snapshots from the ARPA-E Portfolio
- 22. Georgia Tech R&D Advances Portfolio Overview & Examples
- 25. Modules with millions of hollow fibers can provide the equivalent of 2 foot ball fields of contact area in a volume the size of a standard office desk --very compact !! GT Hollow Fiber Sorbents for Low-Cost Post Combustion CO 2 Capture (Profs. Koros & Chance) Bore fed cooling water Clean N 2 Flue gas in Thermally-moderated uptake fiber walls Clean N 2 out Flue gas with CO 2 in CO 2 cooling water in fiber bore Thermally-driven removal from fiber walls CO 2 Bore fed steam Bore fed cooling water Clean N 2 Flue gas in CO 2 Bore fed steam Rapid cycling
- 28. Reversible ML-IL Liquid Solvents - Utilizing Dual Capture Mechanism Profs. Eckert, Liotta Added Capacity By Physical Absorption - CO 2 Ionic Liquid + CO 2 CO 2 Swollen Ionic Liquid CO 2 Swollen Ionic Liquid Highly Selective Chemical Absorption
- 31. Back-Up Slides
- 32. Georgia Tech R&D Advances Additional Emerging Technologies for CO2 Management
- 33. CO 2 -capture from natural gas reserves US companies (e.g. ExxonMobil) own large natural gas fields that are contaminated with high levels of CO 2 . These fields could produce billions of dollars of natural gas if the CO 2 can readily be removed and reinjected. No current technology can achieve this chemical separation in an economical manner. High performance membranes could revolutionize this market. Membranes from this market could also play a key role in other CO 2 separations. Metal-organic frameworks : novel chemical building blocks for rationally designed porous materials Carbon nanotubes : a nanotechnology approach to creating high throughput membranes Work at GT by Prof. David Sholl and Prof. Sankar Nair is combining high performance computational methods and practical device fabrication to develop “game changing” materials for large-volume gas separations (Industrial partners: ExxonMobil, ConocoPhillips). Zeolites : versatile inorganic porous materials for harsh chemical environments
- 34. Hydrogen membranes will play a key role in deploying gasification with carbon capture Recent work at GT by Prof. David Sholl has shown that using glassy metals increase performance of membranes by 10-100 times compared to conventional materials GT Metal/Metal-Alloy Nano-Membanes for H 2 /CO 2 Separation Profs. Fedorov, Sholl Prof. Fedorov at GT ME has shown that submicron thick Pd/Ag membranes can support record-high H2 permeation fluxes by controlling material microstructure Metal Film H 2 H H H H H H H H H H H H 2 H 2 H 2 H 2 H 2 CO 2 4 3 2 1
- 35. Georgia Tech R&D Advances Specific Examples of Combustion & Fuel Processing for CO 2 Capture
- 39. CO 2 Capture and Sequestration with Focus on Transportation as Transition to Sustainable Energy
- 40. The present carbon-based economy is unsustainable! Primary Energy Sources Conversion, Distribution, Infrastructure End Use Applications Carbon Economy of Today
- 41. Electron economy? Hydrogen economy? Solar, Wind, Nuclear Solar, Wind, Nuclear Additional Reading : West & Kreith (2006) “A vision for a secure transportation system without hydrogen or oil”, J. Energy Res. Tech. , 128 , 236-243.
Notas del editor
- --Typical 500 MWe coal power stations produce ~9 tons of CO2/min. 50% of power production derives from coal, accounting for ~39% of all emissions. These stations offer an attractive single point source for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. --Current liquid based capture techniques are prohibitively expensive due to high thermal requirements. Packed bed solid sorbents have been proposed as an attractive alternative to liquid sorption due to lower (sensible) heat requirements. However, these packed beds have issues associated with massive pressure drops through bed, and are impractical at the industrial scale. --For effective CO2 mitigation, low cost techniques must be developed (focus of research).
- Liquid absorption processes based on amines use 40% wt amine solutions. Thus, every cycle you are heating and cooling 60% water, which has a high heat capacity. You are wasting this energy. By using solid adsorbants, you can replace this water with a solid with potentially a lower heat capacity and save on energy costs.
- --Structured hollow fiber sorbents allow for the thermal advantages of solid sorbents to be utilized while circumventing the pressure drop issues traditionally associated with packed beds. The hollow fiber morphology allows for a non-contacting heat transfer fluid to be directly integrated into the sorption system—a unique advantage. --These modules have very high surface area to volume ratios—this allows traditional packed beds to be significantly scaled down. --Another key advantage of the fiber system is the fact that the fiber walls are very thin—this allows the fibers to come to thermal equilibrium very quickly. This enables very rapid cycling (~30 seconds, as opposed to ~6hr to days for traditional thermal packed beds) which increases the device’s sorption efficiency
- Our material is designed to be robust, low cost and simple to make and scale up. Key points – 1. hyperbranching effectively uses the pore space. Most people just add a monolayer of amines. 2. covalent attachment of aminopolymer to oxide makes it robust for temperature swings – easily regenerable. 3. very easy to make.
- Steady-state processing requires materials that behave identically time after time Repeatable many times Identical Max and Min Values -