1. World War II

3. ACTS OF AGGRESSION 1931 - Japan Invades Manchuria The League of Nations opposes the attack and said it would deal with the government of the aggressor nation. But how could this succeed when the government had no control over the army which was the cause of the problem ? The Japanese army ignored the Japanese government and launched a full-scale invasion of Manchuria. Soon, it had occupied the whole of the province.

5. ACTS OF AGGRESSION 1935 – Italy Invades Ethiopia On October 3, 1935, Italy attacked Ethiopia from Eritrea and Italian Somaliland without a declaration of war. On October 7, the League of Nations unanimously declared Italy an aggressor but took no effective action.

6. Benito Mussolini “ I refuse to believe that the real people of Great Britain and France, who have never had discords with Italy, are prepared to run the risk of hurling Europe along the road to catastrophe for the sake of defending an African country universally branded as a country without the slightest shadow of civilization.” How Does Mussolini justify the attack of Ethiopia?

7. “ It is my duty to inform the Governments assembled in Geneva, responsible as they are for the lives of millions of men, women and children, of the deadly peril which threatens them, by describing to them the fate which has been suffered by Ethiopia… Representatives of the World I have come to Geneva to discharge in your midst the most painful of the duties of the head of a State. What reply shall I have to take back to my people?” On June 30, Haile Selassie made a powerful speech before the League of Nations in Geneva in which he set forth two choices--support for collective security or international lawlessness. Haile Selassie

8. Acts of Aggression Lead to WWII Country Area Attacked Reason Allies Reaction Japan 1931 - Manchuria China 1. Need for natural resources. League of Nations condemned the action but did nothing. Italy Ethiopia - Africa 1. Distract Italians from depression. 2. Promised to build the new Roman Empire League of Nations did nothing. Other nations concerned with their own problems. 1. Austria (1938) 1. German people lived there. 1. None even though it was a direct violation of the treaty Germany 2.Czechoslovakia/Sudeten-land (1938) 2. German people lived there. 2. Hitler promised he was finished. Britain & France appeased and didn't fight. 3. Poland (1939) 3. Desire for land. 3. Britain and France declare war.

9. AXIS POWER Adolf Hitler ( right ) is considered one of the most brutal dictators in history. After purging possible rivals for leadership, Hitler rearmed Germany into a modern war machine. He and Italian dictator Benito Mussolini ( left ), both Fascists , became allies in 1936. They are shown here in Munich, Germany, in 1937.

10. GERMAN AGGRESSION Adolf Hitler preached to the Nazi party faithful that they were a superior race that deserved more than they had, including additional Lebensraum , or living space, and a higher standard of living. Hitler was an emotional speaker who had a mesmerizing effect on those who listened. By 1938 he had amassed the best-equipped, best-trained army in the world.

11. Hitler invaded Austria in 1938. Many Austrians welcomed the Nazis and were content to see their country incorporated into Germany. The British Government, led by Neville Chamberlain, merely registered a diplomatic protest which was rejected by Germany. Hitler informs jubilant Nazi deputies in the Reichstag that Germany has annexed Austria, 1938. GERMAN AGGRESSION

12. APPEASEMENT After Germany invaded the Sudetenland, the British and French met with Hitler at Munich on September 30, 1938. They agreed to allow the Nazi leader to seize the Sudeten districts of Czechoslovakia in return for an assurance from him that he had no further territorial claims in Europe. Their appeasement policy once again gave in to the demands of an aggressor.

13. PEACE FOR OUR TIME! “ An appeaser is one who feeds a crocodile, hoping it will eat him last.” - Winston Churchill On 15 March 1939, the German army occupied the remainder of Czechoslovakia. “ My good friends… I have returned form Germany bringing peace with honor. I believe it is peace for our time… Go home and get a nice quiet sleep.”

14. The Policy Of Appeasement Based on what you have learned, and these Dr. Seuss cartoons, what does ‘appeasement’ mean?

15. Nazi-Soviet Pact On August 23, 1939, the world was shocked when, suddenly, Russia and Germany signed a non-aggression pact. In addition, the two countries had a secret agreement to invade and divide between them.

16. What is the main idea of this political cartoon?

17. GERMANY INVADES POLAND On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland. Hitler introduced a new kind of war called a blitzkrieg , which means “lightning war.” German bombers targeted railroads, shown here, which crippled Polish military mobilization. Hundreds of tanks smashed through Polish defenses and rolled deep into the country. The Poles fought hard, but on September 17, the Soviet Union invaded their country from the east. By the end of the month, Poland had fallen.

18. World War II Rages On Stage III: United States and Neutrality 1939 The United States is sympathetic to the Allies but __________________ control the Congress. Roosevelt’s (FDR’s) Fireside Chats assure that the U.S. will remain __________________________. _______ ______ _________: The U.S. will sell arms to Allies for cash only and goods had to be picked up by the Allies. Isolationists neutral Cash and Carry

19. French Refugees Taking only what they could carry, civilians flee Paris in 1940 in anticipation of the German invasion.

20. France Falls! In May 1940, the Germans attacked France. The French army was caught off guard. The blitzkrieg sent French forces into a confused retreat, and as the Germans marched into Paris on June 14, the French government collapsed.

21. German Blitzkreig Dominates

22. The Bombing of Britain In Summer of 1940, the German Luftwaffe hit London with the Blitz, with bombing raids on the capital and dog-fights in its sky during the Battle of Britain .

23. Operation Barbarossa

24. Nazis Invade Russia March: _____________________________ The U.S. lends weapons to Britain who agrees to pay later. June: Hitler double crosses Stalin and invades the USSR, breaking the __________________. The Russian winter stalls the German advance. June: Japan joins the Axis Powers and seizes all colonies of Holland and France in Southeast Asia. August: Roosevelt and Churchill set goals for the postwar world in the ____________________. Some of the terms include: That no country seeks territorial gain, the support of the right of the people choose their own government and establish a system of world security. It also warned Germany that the U.S. would not remain _____________ for much longer. Lend Lease Program neutral Nazi-Soviet Pact Atlantic Charter