Enterprise Architecture for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Business Architecture for Management in Larger Enterprises: KBC Presentation

1. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
13/06/2013
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Enterprise Architecture for Small and
Medium-Sized Enterprises
Maxime Bernaert
Promoter: Prof. Dr. Geert Poels (Ghent University), Prof. Dr. Monique
(K.U. Leuven) Snoeck, Prof. Dr. Manu De Backer (Antwerp University)

2. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
13/06/2013
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Draw your house

3. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
13/06/2013
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

4. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
13/06/2013
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

5. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
13/06/2013
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

6. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
13/06/2013
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

7. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
13/06/2013
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

8. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
13/06/2013
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Draw your company

9. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
13/06/2013
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

10. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
13/06/2013
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

11. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
13/06/2013
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

12. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
13/06/2013
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Enterprise Architecture

13. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
13/06/2013
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Enterprise Architecture

14. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
13/06/2013
FACULTY OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Enterprise Architecture

15. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
15
Enterprise Architecture
Enterprise Architecture (EA)1: a holistic
approach to keep things aligned in a company
(IT - business, operations - strategy)
Holistic overview:
 Optimization of the company as a whole
(essentials are more stable than specific solutions)
 Strategy --> Operations
 Understood by all those involved
1Lankhorst M (2009) Enterprise Architecture at Work: Modelling, Communication and Analysis.
Springer-Verlag, New York

16. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
16
Enterprise Architecture

17. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
17
Enterprise Architecture

18. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
18
Enterprise Architecture
Some advantages:
 Common architecture from multiple stakeholders
 Overview with different viewpoints
 Testing environment
 Analysis and optimization
 Change impact analysis
 Find best-fitted ERP system

19. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
19
Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises2
 European definition
• <= 250 employees
• Annual turnover <= 50 million euros or total assets <=
43 million euros
2European Commission (2003) Recommendation 2003/361/EC: SME Definition. Official Journal of
the European Union 46 (L 124) (6)

20. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
20
Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
 Important for economy3
• 20.8 million SMEs in Europe (99.8% of all companies)
• 19.2 million micro enterprises (<= 10 employees,
turnover <= 2 million euros or total assets <= 2 million
euros)
• 70% of European jobs, 58.4% of gross production
3European Commission (2010) Are EU SMEs Recovering from the Crisis? Annual Report on EU
Small and Medium Sized Enterprises 2011

21. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
21
Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Research steps
Small and medium-sized enterprises
Enterprise architecture
Case studies
CHOOSE metamodel
Tool support
Requirements
CHOOSE method
Criteria for tools
Evaluation

22. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
22
Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Research steps
Small and medium-sized enterprises
Enterprise architecture
Case studies
CHOOSE metamodel
Tool support
Requirements
CHOOSE method
Criteria for tools
Evaluation

23. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
23
Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
EA for SMEs???4,5
 Not known in SMEs
 Not used in SMEs
4De Nil S, Deprost E, Bernaert M, Poels G (2012) Van Strategie tot Procesmodellering in Kleine en
Middelgrote Organisaties: Een Exploratief Onderzoek. University of Ghent, Ghent
5Devos J (2011) IT Governance for SMEs. University of Ghent, Ghent

24. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
24
Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Problems faced by SMEs
 Lack of structure and overview in the company6
6O'Gorman C (2001) The Sustainability of Growth in Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises. Int J
Entrep Behav Res 7 (2):60-75
0 2 5 10 15
100%
70%
50%
33%
25%
Year
Survival Rate

25. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
25
Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Problems faced by SMEs
 ERP adoption (fit with current business)?
 Communication (processes, strategy)?
 Concrete job description?
 Strategy and processes change (alignment?)
 Asses impact of changes?
 Different stakeholders?
 New CEO?
 Knowledge as a production factor?

26. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
26
Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Solutions provided by EA
 Easier to find a suitable ERP system
 Processes and strategy are explicitly modeled
 Job description can be queried
 Processes are explicitly linked with strategy
 Different domains are interrelated
 Stakeholders are linked with their goals
 Knowledge of CEO can be made explicit
 Entrepreneurial knowledge can be shared

27. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
27
Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
EA for SMEs???
 Not known in SMEs
 Not used in SMEs
 Adoption models

28. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
28
Adoption Models
Technology Acceptance Model7
 Most referred model for information technology
adoption
 Perceived usefulness: the degree to which a
person believes that using a particular system
would enhance his or her job performance
 Perceived ease of use: the degree to which a
person believes that using a particular system
would be free of effort
7Davis FD (1989) Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and User Acceptance of Information
Technology. MIS Q 13 (3):319-340

29. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
29
Adoption Models
Technology Acceptance Model

30. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
30
Adoption Models
Method Evaluation Model8
 Model for method evaluation of IS design research
 TAM and Methodological Pragmatism9:
“Regardless of the potential benefits of IS design
methods published, unless they are used in
practice, these benefits cannot be realized”
8Moody DL The Method Evaluation Model: A Theoretical Model for Validating Information
Systems Design Methods. In: Proceedings of the 11th European Conference on Information
Systems, Naples, Italy, 2003
9Rescher N (1977) Methodological Pragmatism: A Systems-Theoretic Approach to the Theory of
Knowledge. Basil Blackwell, Oxford

31. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
31
Adoption Models
Methodological Pragmatism

32. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
32
Adoption Models
Method Evaluation Model

33. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
33
Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
EA for SMEs???
 Increase the perceived usefulness
• Increase actual effectiveness
• Advantages for SMEs in practice
 Increase the perceived ease of use
• Adapt methods to an SME context (in practice)
• Complexity10 (= 1/actual efficiency) must be decreased
 From actual to perceived efficacy
• Test in SMEs: feedback + EA gets better known
10Rogers EM, Shoemaker FF (1971) Communication of Innovations: A Cross-Cultural Approach.
The Free Press, New York

34. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
34
Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Research steps
Small and medium-sized enterprises
Enterprise architecture
Case studies
CHOOSE metamodel
Tool support
Requirements
CHOOSE method
Criteria for tools
Evaluation

35. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
35
Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Research steps
Small and medium-sized enterprises
Enterprise architecture
Case studies
CHOOSE metamodel
Tool support
Requirements
CHOOSE method
Criteria for tools
Evaluation

36. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
36
Enterprise Architecture for SMEs

37. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
37
Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Five criteria for EA (derived from definition)
1. Control: “Controlling the complexity of the enterprise.”
2. Holistic Overview: “EA has to capture the essentials of
the enterprise (more stable).”
3. Objectives: “Translation from corporate strategy to daily
operations.”
4. Suitable for its target audience (here: SMEs):
“Understood by all those involved.”
5. Enterprise: “Optimization of the company as a whole
instead of doing local optimization within individual
domains.”

38. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
38
Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Five criteria for EA (derived from definition)
1. Control: “Controlling the complexity of the enterprise.”
2. Holistic Overview: “EA has to capture the essentials of
the enterprise (more stable).”
3. Objectives: “Translation from corporate strategy to daily
operations.”
4. Suitable for its target audience (here: SMEs):
“Understood by all those involved.” (Simple)
5. Enterprise: “Optimization of the company as a whole
instead of doing local optimization within individual
domains.”

39. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
39
Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Existing EA techniques

40. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
40
mentioned. In the strategy-operations column, a minus indicates that a translation from strategy
(business or IT) to operations (organizational or IT) is not clearly supported.
Table 1 Analysis of EA frameworks
WHAT HOW WHERE WHO WHEN WHY
BUSINESS
IS
IT
STRATEGY
-
OPERATIONS
Zachman What How Where Who When Why B/IS/IT +
TOGAF
Data entity,
...
Process, ...
Infrastructure
extension
Organization unit,
actor, role, ...
Event, ...
Motivation
extension
B/IS/IT +
ArchiMate Information Behavior Network, ... Structure Event, ... Motivation B/IS/IT +
DoDAF Resource Activity Location Performer - Capability Blend +
CARP Resource Activity - Performer - Capability B +
IAF Object Activity Interaction Actor, role, ... Event Why, goal, ... B/IS/IT +
E2AF
Business
objects,
resources, ...
Business
activities,
...
With who?
Organization
structure, actors,
...
When? Why? B/IS/IT +
FEA: FEAF Objects, ...
Business
process, ...
Business
locations, ...
- - - IS/IT -
FEA: TEAF
Information,
...
Business
process, ...
Information
exchange, ...
Organization
chart, ...
Event, ...
Mission, vision,
...
B/IS/IT +
GEAM - - - - -
Requirements
vision
B/IS/IT +
ARIS
Input, output,
...
Function -
Organizational
unit, ...
Event Goal Blend +-
(BMM) -
(Business
process) -
(Organization
unit) - End B +
DYA
Product,
data, ...
Process Network Organization, ... -
Business
objectives
B/IS/IT +
Enterprise
modelling /
EKD
Concepts
model
Business
process
model
-
Actors and
resources model
- Goals model B/IS +
REA Resource Event - Agent - Goals B -
SEAM - - - - - Strategies B/IS +
LEAP Object Operation - Object Condition OCL constraint B/IS/IT -
Enterprise Architecture for SMEs

41. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
41
Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
CHOOSE metamodel

42. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
42
CHOOSE

43. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
43
CHOOSE basic concepts

44. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
44
CHOOSE Full Metamodel

45. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
45
CHOOSE Essential Metamodel

46. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
46
CHOOSE Goal Model Example

47. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
47
CHOOSE Actor Model Example

48. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
48
CHOOSE Operation Model Example

49. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
49
CHOOSE Object Model Example

51. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
51
CHOOSE Model Example

52. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
52
CHOOSE Metamodel Definitions

53. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
53
CHOOSE Metamodel Constraints

54. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
54
CHOOSE Metamodel Academics

55. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
55
Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Research steps
Small and medium-sized enterprises
Enterprise architecture
Case studies
CHOOSE metamodel
Tool support
Requirements
CHOOSE method
Criteria for tools
Evaluation

56. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
56
Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Research steps
Small and medium-sized enterprises
Enterprise architecture
Case studies
CHOOSE metamodel
Tool support
Requirements
CHOOSE method
Criteria for tools
Evaluation

57. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
57
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

58. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
58
Action Research: Profile Tyrecenter (1)
 Step 1: Goal tree: Balanced Scorecard:
Financial, Learning & Growth, Internal Process and
Customer Goals

59. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
59
Action Research: Profile Tyrecenter (2)
Step 2: Adding the Actors to the CHOOSE-
model based on visual inspection and
interviews
Step 3: Based on the Porter’s Value Chain
framework and the job description of
Actors, the Operations are added to the
model
Step 4: Adding the Objects to the CHOOSE-
model
Step 5: Validation

60. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
60
Action Research: Profile Tyrecenter (3)
Snapshot of the Goal tree

61. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
61
Action Research: Profile Tyrecenter (4)
The CHOOSE-method

62. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
62
Case study research: academics

63. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
63
Case study research: academics

65. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
65
Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Research steps
Small and medium-sized enterprises
Enterprise architecture
Case studies
CHOOSE metamodel
Tool support
Requirements
CHOOSE method
Criteria for tools
Evaluation

66. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
66
Enterprise Architecture for SMEs
Research steps
Small and medium-sized enterprises
Enterprise architecture
Case studies
CHOOSE metamodel
Tool support
Requirements
CHOOSE method
Criteria for tools
Evaluation

68. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
68
Tool support

69. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
69
Tool support
Why is tool support necessary?
 Case studies
 Academic sources
Tool outline
 Three main functionalities

70. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
70
Tool support: case studies
Case study evidence of the need for tool support

71. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
71
Tool support: case studies
Case study evidence of the need for tool
support:
Input
Storage
Data retrieval
Data adjustments
Analyses

72. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
72
Tool outline: PC Tool
PC Tool

73. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
73
Tool outline: PC Tool
Input
Easy interface
No drawing tool
Integration of all concepts and relationships
Adjust
Search functionality
Modular overview
Easy interface

74. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
74
Tool outline: PC Tool
Output
 Automatic visualization
 As-is/to-be analysis
 RACI charts
 Data export to MS Excel
The goal is to minimize effort and maximize value
through automation, simplification, visualization, mistake proofing, …

76. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
76
Tool outline: PC Tool

79. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
79
Tool outline: PC Tool

80. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
80
Tool outline: Android Tablet Visual
Android Tablet Visual

81. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
81
Tool outline: Android Tablet Visual
 Settings  Security  Unknown sources

82. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
82
Tool support: Why on mobile devices

83. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
83
Tool outline: Android Tablet Visual

84. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
84
Tool outline: Android Tablet Visual

85. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
85
Tool outline: Android Tablet Visual

86. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
86
Tool outline: Android Tablet Visual

87. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
87
Tool support: Design choices

89. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
89
Tool outline: Android Tablet Visual

90. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
90
Tool outline: Android Tablet Visual

91. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
91
Tool outline: Android Tablet Visual

92. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
92
Tool outline: Android Tablet Usability
Android Tablet Usability

93. are within a certain model, the user never has to switch to another screen. Even for linking the different
models, no screen switching is required. This will become clearer in the application presentation
(section Chapter 8). All of this helps in keeping the user in hi s ‘f l ow’.
Fig. 22 Two layer application hierarchy

94. f the up button, two hierarchic layers in an OSX style are shown. This makes easy navigation
between two layers, while maintaining easy access to other layers with the clickable file path.
-coded picture gives a graphical explanation of the combined design elements (see Fig. 27).

96. Step 1
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6
Step 2

97. Fig. 73 Add a lower goal: Final step and end result

100. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
100
Tool outline: iPad
iPad

101. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
101
Tool outline: iPad
·

106. )
FIGURE)54:)RACI)CHART,)AS)SEEN)IN)THE)APPLICATION)
FIGURE)54:)RACI)CHART,)AS)SEEN)IN)THE)APPLICATION)

109. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
109
Tool outline: iPhone
iPhone

110. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
110
Tool outline: iPhone

111. 1
2
3

112. 1
2 3
4

115. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
115
Enterprise Architecture for SMEs

116. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
116
Past Work
 Integrating the Semantics of Events, Processes and Tasks across Requirements Engineering
Layers
Bernaert M, Poels G, PhD Day FEB UGent 2010, May 28th, Ghent
 A Consolidated Enterprise Reference Model: Integrating McCarthy's and Hruby's Resource-
Event-Agent Reference Models
Laurier W, Bernaert M, Poels G, 2010. ICEIS (3), pp. 159-164
 Integrating the Semantics of Events, Processes and Tasks across Requirements Engineering
Layers
Bernaert M, Poels G, 2010. Proceedings of the CAiSE Doctoral
Consortium, Hammamet, Tunisia, 2010, pp. 11-19
 The Quest for Know-How, Know-Why, Know-What and Know-Who: Using KAOS for Enterprise
Modelling
Bernaert M, Poels G, PhD Day FEB UGent 2011, May 24th, Ghent
 Het Realiseren van een Globaal Procesoverzicht bij Gedecentraliseerde Procesarchitecturen
Vancaeneghem T, Bernaert M, Poels G (2011), Thesis

117. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
117
Past Work
 The Quest for Know-How, Know-Why, Know-What and Know-Who: Using KAOS for Enterprise
Modeling
Bernaert M, Poels G, 2011. 6th International Workshop on Business/IT Alignment and
Interoperability (BUSITAL), London, UK, 2011. In: Lecture Notes in Business Information
Processing 83: 29-40
 The Quest for Know-How, Know-Why, Know-What and Know-Who: Using KAOS for Enterprise
Modelling
Bernaert M, Poels G, 2011, Proceedings of the 6th SIKS Conference on Enterprise Information
Systems, pp. 15 - 16, Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (EIS2011) (Delft (The
Netherlands))
 De Zoektocht naar Know-How, Know-Why, Know-What en Know-Who: Architectuur voor
Kleinere Bedrijven in Vier Dimensies
Bernaert M, 2011, Informatie (Amsterdam), November nummer, 34-41
 Review: A How-To Guide to Successful Enterprise Architecture: The Strategic Fit between
Business and IT
Bentham Science Publishers, 2012
 Enterprise Architecture for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises
Bernaert M, Poels G, PhD Day FEB UGent 2012, May 25th, Ghent

118. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
118
Past Work
 Keuzes Maken binnen Processen: Het Vermijden van een Russische Roulette voor de
Organisaties
Heyse M, Bernaert M, Poels G (2012), Thesis
 Van Strategie tot Procesmodellering in Kleine en Middelgrote Organisaties: Een Exploratief
Onderzoek
De Nil S, Deprost E, Bernaert M, Poels G (2012), Thesis
 Enterprise Architecture for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises
Bernaert M, 2012, In: Poels G, Gailly F, De Backer M (eds) Doctoral Consortium of the 6th
International Conference on Research and Practical Issues of Enterprise Information Systems
(CONFENIS 2012), Ghent, Belgium
 Enterprise Architecture for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Bernaert M, Poels G, 2011, Proceedings of the 7th SIKS Conference on Enterprise Information
Systems (EIS2012) (Nieuwegein (The Netherlands))
 Development of a Common Base for Enterprise Architecture: Building the Bridge Between
CHOOSE and ArchiMate
Roose D, Vansteenlandt J, Bernaert M, Poels G (2012), Thesis

119. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
119
Past Work
 Enterprise Architecture for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Starting Point for Bringing
EA to SMEs, Based on Adoption Models
Bernaert M, Poels G, Snoeck M, De Backer M, 2013, Information Systems and Small and
Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs): State of art of IS research in SMEs
 Software Tool Support voor Enterprise Architectuur in Kleine en Middelgrote
Ondernemingen: EASE
Ingelbeen D, Bernaert M, 2013, Informatie (Amsterdam)
 Development of Software Tool Support for Enterprise Architecture in Small and Medium-
Sized Enterprises
Dumeez J, Bernaert M, Poels G, 2013. 8th International Workshop on Business/IT Alignment
and Interoperability (BUSITAL), Valencia, Spain, 2013. In: Lecture Notes in Business
Information Processing
 Enterprise Architecture Software Tool Support for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: EASE
Ingelbeen D, Bernaert M, 2013. 19th Americas Conference on Information Systems
(AMCIS), Chicago, USA

120. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
120
Past Work
 CHOOSE: Towards a Metamodel for Enterprise Architecture in Small and Medium-Sized
Enterprises
Bernaert M, Poels G, Snoeck M, De Backer M, 2013, Submitted to Information Systems
Frontiers
 Enterprise Architecture Modelling for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Case Study
Research to Refine and Evaluate the CHOOSE Method and Metamodel
Bernaert M, Callaert M, Poels G, Snoeck M, De Backer M, 2013, Submitted to Enterprise
Information Systems
 Softwareondersteuning voor een Enterprise Architectuur in Access en Java
Ingelbeen D, Bernaert M, Poels G (2013), Thesis
 Business Architecture Modelling in CHOOSE: A Visual Application for Android Tablets
Maes J, Bernaert M, Poels G (2013), Thesis
 Next Generation Media: A User-Friendly Android Tablet Application for Business Architecture
Modelling
Dumeez J, Bernaert M, Poels G (2013), Thesis
 Business Architectuur Modellering in KMO’s: Case Study Onderzoek ter Verfijning en Validatie
van de CHOOSE Methode en Metamodel
Callaert M, Bernaert M, Poels G (2013), Thesis

121. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
121
Past Work
 Business Architectuur Modellering in CHOOSE: Een Gebruiksvriendelijke Applicatie voor de
iPhone
Puylaert O, Bernaert M, Poels G (2013), Thesis
 Development of a Tool for Business Architecture Modeling in Eclipse
Zutterman S, Bernaert M, Poels G (2013), Thesis
 Next Generation Media: A User-Friendly iPad Application for Business Architecture Modelling
Otte M, Bernaert M, Poels G (2013), Thesis

122. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
122
In Progress
 Business Architectuur Modellering in CHOOSE: Een Gebruiksvriendelijke Applicatie Aangepast
aan de User Interface van de iPad
Verhulst P, Bernaert M, Poels G (2013), Thesis
 The Development of an Optimal Visualisation for Enterprise Architecture (ArchiMate)
Paesschesoone J, Bernaert M, Poels G (2014), Thesis
 The Development of an Optimal Visualisation for Enterprise Architecture (CHOOSE)
Boone S, Bernaert M, Poels G (2014), Thesis
 Evaluating Enterprise Architecture Techniques Based on the Rule of 7
Morina A, Bernaert M, Poels G (2014), Thesis
 A Performance Management System for the CHOOSE Method for Enterprise Architecture for
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Moons L, Bernaert M, Poels G (2014), Thesis
 The Development of a Domain Ontology for Enterprise Architecture
Carron S, Bernaert M, Poels G (2014), Thesis
 From Strategy to Process Modeling in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Flanders: A
Large Scale Quantitative Research
Piens S, Bernaert M, Poels G (2014), Thesis

123. Ghent University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration
Department of Management Information Science and Operations Management
Maxime Bernaert and Geert Poels
123
Questions