Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by relative or absolute insulin deficiency that affects 6% of the US population. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 is characterized by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells and requires insulin treatment; type 2 is more common and results from impaired insulin function and insulin resistance. Without proper glucose control, diabetes can lead to serious long-term complications affecting many organ systems like the eyes, kidneys, heart, and nerves. Dental professionals need to consider a patient's medical history and glycemic control to minimize risks during treatment and manage emergencies like hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia.
8. mild beta-cell depletion severe beta-cell depletion focal atrophy and amyloid deposits marked atrophy and fibrosis no insulitis insulitis early Islet Cells relative insulin deficiency severe insulin deficiency insulin resistance autoimmunity, immunopathologic mechanisms Pathogenesis No HLA association human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-D linked ketoacidosis rare ketoacidosis common Genetics no anti-islet cell antibodies anti-islet cell antibodies normal or increased blood insulin decreased blood insulin obesity normal weight onset >30 years onset <20 years Clinical Type 2 Type 1 Comparison
![Introduction ,[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)