carbohydrates, lipids, chemistry

1. Section 4, Chapter 2
Organic Molecules

2. Organic Molecules
Molecules that contain carbon
Organic Synthesis
Small molecules (monomers) join together to form
larger molecules (polymers)
Monomer
portion of a polymer

3. Covalent Bonds formed by Carbon
C
12.01
6 Atomic Number of Carbon = 6
2 electrons in 1st shell
4 electrons in 2nd shell
Note there are 4 empty spaces in the
2nd shell available for covalent bonds.

4. Examples of covalent bonds formed by carbon
Carbon can form 4 covalent bonds
Carbon can also form double or even triple bonds
Carbon to Carbon bonds can form long chains
hydrocarbon

5. Polymers and Monomers
Large organic molecules, called polymers consist of
repeating subunits, called monomers.
Example: Starch is a polysaccharide composed of many
glucose molecules (monosaccharides) joined together.

6. major organic macromolecules of the cell
Monomer
Polymer
Monosaccharide (simple sugars)
Disaccharides (double sugars)
Polysaccharides
(complex carbohydrates)
Amino Acids
Proteins
Fatty Acids + Glycerol
Fats*
*Not truly a polymer
Nucleotides
Nucleic Acids

7. Carbohydrates
Simple carbohydrates = sugars
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Complex Carbohydrates
Also called Polysaccharides
Composed of several simple carbohydrates

8. monosaccharides
Twice as many Hydrogen as Oxygen atoms
Example: Glucose (C6H12O6)

9. disaccharides
2 monosaccharides bonded together
Examples of disaccharides

10. polysaccharide
Built of simple carbohydrates

11. examples of polysaccharides
Starch – easily digested
Cellulose- Plant polysaccharide, indigestible by humans
Glycogen – storage form of energy, synthesized by liver
Glycogen

16. Glycerol Molecule
OH (in red) represents sites of fatty acid attachments

17. Unsaturated fat