1. Grammar Book Miguel Hodges

2. Table of contents Content Slide number Present –ar, -er, -ir endings 1-2 Stem changers 3 Irregular “yo” 4 Saber vs. Conocer 5 Reflexives 6 “Se” impersonal 7 Dipthongs with accents 8 Verbs like -ger/-gir, -uir/-guir, -cer/-cir 9 Hace +____+ que +______ 10 Imperfecto 11

3. Present Tense –ar/-er/-ir In the present tense for verbs ending in –ar In the present tense for verbs ending in -er

4. Present Tense –ar/-er/-ir cont’d In the present tense for verbs ending in -ir

5. Stem Changers Also called “Boot verbs” it changes in all but nosotros. More than just the ending changes. The vowel in the stem changes. 3 catergories. eie, o ue, and ei. Common e ie verbs- Tener, Preferir Common oue verbs- Dormir, Poder, Jugar *Common ei verbs- Decir, Repetir, Servir. * This stem change only happens in –Ir verbs!

6. Irregular “yo” Form caber (to fit) yoquepo caer (to fall) yocaigo conducir (to drive) yoconduzco conocer (to know,) yoconozco escoger (to choose )yoescojo dirigir (to direct) yodirijo hacer (to do, to make) yohago poner (to put, to place)yopongo saber (to know something - a fact)yosé salir (to leave)yosalgo seguir (to follow)yosigo traer (to bring)yotraigo valer (to be worth)yovalgo ver (to see)yoveo

7. Saber vs. Conocer When using saber it mean that you know a fact or how to do something. When using conocer it means you know a person or are familiar with something.

8. Reflexives When refering to a person doing an action.

9. “Se” impersonal When using an impersonal voice like “How do you spell truck?” in Spanish you place “se” in front to make it a general statements.

10. Dipthongs with accents Ask about?

11. Verbs like Ger/gir, Uir/Guir, Cer/cir For verbs that end in ger/gir, In the first person change the g to a j. In guir verbs, in the yo form the gu changes to g. In uir verbs add a y before a, e and, o. For cer/cir verbs, in the yo form, change the c to a z.

12. Hace+ ______+que+_____ The second blank is to be filled with a verb in either the present or preterite form.

13. Imperfecto A past tense form for events without a specific time. For –ar endings For –er/-ir endings