5. Threats
• Prevent illegitimate products from entering
the supply chain
• Returns of counterfeit or stolen products in
replacement of legitimate products through a
wholesaler
• Criminal wholesalers or
pharmacists/pharmacies.
6. US Pharma numbers
• 1,400 Manufacturers
• 70 Distributors
– Big 3
• 166,000 Pharmacies
7. DataMatrix & RFID
• You can have both 2D barcodes and RFID
– GS1 compatibility layer
• Industry has chosen barcodes for
item level identification
25. Conclusions
• PoD is the most lightweight approach
– stores less information
– limited number of secure connections
• DeP stores the most data
– partial pedigrees
– requires 10 times more secure connections
• NeP is a middle ground between PoD and DeP
– stores more data than PoD
– semi-centralized architecture minimizes secure connections
– same infrastructure – EPC IS and the EPC network – can support
multiple applications
– start with PoD and later evolve to full pedigree
26. Q & A
Thank you!
Miguel.Pardal@ist.utl.pt
TrakChain:
Quantifying traceability...