3. Premier Hua Guofeng
• Central Committee of
the Party - Hua versus
the Gang of Four (led
by Jiang Qing)
• Gang of Four arrested.
• “Two Whatevers” -
policies and orders of
Mao
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4. Deng Xiaoping
• Weakens cult of Mao - “70% right,
30% wrong”
• Opens China economically but not
politically
• Four Modernizations - agriculture,
industry, science, and military
• One-Child Policy
• 1979 - President Carter recognizes
PRC instead of ROC.
• Deng Xiaoping visits USA.
• Taiwan - “One Country, Two
Systems”
• Special Economic Zones &
experimentation
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6. Tiananmen Square 1989
June 4 (6/4)
• Calls for reforms and freedoms
grow across China.
• Reformers versus Traditionalists
• Death of Hu Yaobang lead to
gatherings and then protests in
Beijing.
• University students lead public
protests.
• Negotiations and confrontations
continue.
• Pro-reform leaders lose arguments
and are sacked.
• Deng sends the army to clear the
protests.
• At least hundreds killed, thousands
arrested.
• Weakened China’s image abroad
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8. Major Social Issues
• Rapid change
• Inflation
• Unemployment
• Internal immigration
• Weak social supports
• Corruption
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9. 1991 - First McDonald’s
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10. 1996 Third Taiwan Strait Crisis
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11. 1997 Hong Kong Handover
• Hong Kong reabsorbed
at midnight on June 30,
1997.
• Hong Kong has a much
higher standard of
living.
• Banking center for Asia
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12. Jiang Zemin
• Deng Xiaoping dies in
1997.
• Jiang Zemin becomes
China’s leader: Third
Generation
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13. Yangzi River Floods of 1998
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14. Taiwan’s Political Changes
• 1998 Taiwan ends military
control of the government.
• Taiwan has survived and grown
quickly and strong.
• Wealthy and industrial
• Investing in China, now openly
• May be a model for China
• 1999 Chen Shui-bian becomes
the first democratically elected
president of the Republic of
China.
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15. Falun Gong
• 1999 Protests
• Based on traditional
spiritualism in
Buddhism and Daoism
• Up to 70 million
members
• Seen as a threat to
Communist Party
Power
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17. Hu Jintao
• Hu Jintao becomes
Chairman of the CCP in
2002.
• Fourth Generation QuickTime™ and a
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18. SARS & Avian Flu Crisis
2002
• SARS
• Avian Flu
• Hidden at first, then
addressed massively
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22. North Korean Nuclear Testing
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23. Population
• 1,300,000,000 people - 1 of 5
humans alive today
• In 1996, a Chinese baby is
born every minute.
• China wants to keep its
population below 1.6 billion
by 2050.
• 3 of 4 Chinese works in
farming.
• Urban population will equal
rural population in about
2025.
• 108 million non-Han
minorities in 55 groups
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26. Tibet & the Dalai Lama
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27. Xinjiang Province
• Muslim Uigher majority
• Now allowed more
religious freedom
• Ties to central Asian
republics
• Trade and bombings
increasing
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28. The Economy
• Trying to raise its standard
of living - house, car,
appliances, modern
medicine, meat
• 13 million more workers
every year
• More than 1 million migrant
workers live in Beijing.
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33. Trade
• Japan and China are each
other’s largest trading partners.
• China is second only to Japan
for USA.
• Largest producer of steel,
cement, tvs, coal, fertilizer,
tobacco
• Nearly the highest in electricity
and motor vehicles
• New million person towns
being built in coastal areas,
especially in the south.
• “Breaking the Iron Rice Bowl”
• Trying to control inflation - still
lots of government controls and
interventions
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36. Drugs
• World’s largest
cigarette maker
• Opium and heroin
move from Southeast
Asia into and through
China
• Over 200,000 registered
addicts
• AIDS on the rise - over
200,000 cases
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37. Government & Society
• Rich & Poor
• East & West
• Urban & Rural
• Communist Party divided
between traditionalists and
reformers.
• How much openness in the
economy?
• How many other freedoms?
• Will disagreements distract
leadership from trouble
around the edges?
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38. The Army
• China has the largest
and fastest growing
large army on Earth.
• Major world’s arms
dealer
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39. Law & Order
• In the 1990s, more
people executed in
China than in all other
countries combined,
peaking at 1000 per
month in 1996.
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40. Education
• 16% illiteracy - can’t read
500 characters, women more
illiterate than men
• Schooling is still traditional
and formal.
• Students memorize
information, not trained to
ask questions.
• 2 of 1000 Chinese attend
university. USA is 50 for
1000.
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42. The Media
• Television - about 1 billion
viewers, state control and
censorship
• Censorship - Great Internet
Wall
• Second only to USA in
internet use
• Serve the government
• Government needs
information and opinions.
• Social and political controls
slow new ideas.
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44. Religion
• Control and persecution
of religious groups
• Catholics and other
Christians
• Muslims
• Falun Gong
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45. Family
• Fertility control
• “Little Emperors”
• 16% of five year olds
are underweight.
• Parents arrange 95% of
marriages in rural areas,
25% in cities.
• There are 110 million
more young adult men
than women. Whom
will they marry?
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46. The Environment
• China has one of the world’s
greatest biodiversities and
biodiversity loss.
• China has about 1000 nature
preserves, about 10% of its
total land.
• World’s largest dam and
reservoir - 2009
• World’s largest water
diversion project - 2050
• Available farm land has
fallen from 12% to 7% due to
construction and land loss.
• Facing extinction - giant
panda, freshwater dolphin,
Chinese alligator
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48. China’s Oil Claims in the
South China Sea
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49. Pollution
• Over 12 million pounds of
organic pollutants is dumped
into Chinese rivers and lakes
per day.
• Air pollution, water pollution,
erosion, desertification,
salinization
• Waste accumulation, little
recycling, imports garbage
• Urbanization
• Phased out leaded gas in one
year, fuel efficiency minimums
• By 1997, China closed down
more than 57,000 small
polluters.
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