2. WHAT ARE MODAL VERBS?
They are: • Ought to
• Can
They are used to express
• Could
opinions of the speaker:
• May obligation, permission,
• Might possibility, probability,
• Must necessity, ability and desire
• Shall Modal verbs are sometimes
• Should referred to as
• Will Modal Auxiliary verbs because
they help other verbs
• Would
3. HOW DO WE USE MODALS?
S M V
Subject Verb
Example: We must wear the seatbelt
There is NO –(E)S in the 3rd person singular in present:
She musts study.
There is no DO in questions and negatives:
You don’t should tell him but
You shouldn’t tell him
Do you can swim? but
Can you swim?
4. FORM
Da ponovimo:
There is no “s” in singular
There is no “do / does” in the question
There is no “don’t / doesn’t” in the negative
He can ski and not
He cans ski or He can skis
Would you like to come with me?
Do you would like to come with me?
5. FORM
Modal verbs do not have infinitives or –ing forms
to can / caning to must /musting
Modal verbs are followed by an infinitive without to
She must study
He could play football in his youth (general ability)
6. FORM
Modal verbs do not have all the tenses
Modal verbs use other verbs to complete the tenses
e.g. Must is completed with have to
You must come early
You had to come early yesterday
7. HAVE TO
Have to is not an actual modal verb, but it is used like a modal.
I have to work tomorrow.
She has to work tomorrow.
It is used in all tenses.
I had to work last night.
"Have to" is less formal than Must and is common in
conversation.
8. FORM
MODAL POSITIVE QUESTION
MUST Strong/formal
obligation
*Motorcyclists must wear Must we wear helmets?
helmets
*All employees must Do we have to wear
wear proper safety helmets?
equipment
HAVE TO Rules/necessary Do we have to have a
things/ not as strong passport?
as must
Children have to go to
school
9. MUST VS MUSTN’T
Be careful about the difference
between mustn't and don't have to!
Mustn't means it's not allowed, or it's a bad idea:
You mustn't eat so much chocolate, you'll be fat
Don't have to means you don't need to do
something, but it's fine if you want to do it:
I don't have to get up early at the weekend
MUST – MORATI HAVE TO - MORATI
MUSN’T – NE SMETI DON’T HAVE TO – NE MORATI
