This document discusses fixed mobile convergence (FMC), which allows seamless experience across devices and networks through a single number and bill. Key points: - FMC connects wireless to wireline networks, allowing calls on any device to be billed the same. - Enabling technologies include SIP for call setup, IMS to allow real-time apps across networks, and UMA for switching between cellular and WiFi networks. - Case studies show BT Fusion, the first FMC service, and Reliance's OneOffice Duo service for corporate virtual private networks across landlines and mobiles. - Challenges include number plans, directory services, and handset availability, but FMC benefits customers with

1. By:
MITESH OCHANEY

2. FIXED MOBILE CONVERGENCE (FMC)
“ONE PHONE, ONE NUMBER, ONE BILL”
 Way of connecting wireless to wire line infrastructure.
The ultimate goal of convergence is to deliver seamless
experience across multiple locations, multiple devices
and multiple types of use.

3. Features of FMC
 Unified Service of fixed and mobile n/w’s with one
phone, one number and one bill
 Seamless roaming between cellular, Wi-Fi,
WiMAX and what ever wireless technology comes
next.
 More reliable mobile service with wider coverage at
lower cost. Closer integration between public and
enterprise phone networks.
 Friendly user interfaces that makes it easy to make
and manage calls (the user has a choice to select the
type of network depending upon cost and
convenience).

4. NEED FOR FMC
1) Productivity
2) Security
3) Planning for future innovation
4) Competitive advantage
5) Cost

5. Enabling Technologies
• The foundation for FMC is in the network. This has included the
development of IP backbones, optimal routing and quality of service.
For FMC to work at the network level, network equipment vendors
have been working on technologies based on standards and protocols.
These allow network traffic to be transported seamlessly between
different types of networks.
• Three of the key enabling technologies for FMC services are SIP, IMS
and UMA/GAN. The description of these technologies is as follows:

6. Enabling Technologies (Contd.)
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
 SIP or Session Initiation Protocol is an application-level control
protocol developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
for setting up, changing and terminating multimedia sessions
between participants on IP data networks. SIP is a text-based
protocol, similar to HTTP and SMTP, for initiating interactive
communication sessions between users. Such sessions include voice,
video, chat, interactive games, and virtual reality
IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
• IMS is an architecture standard based on SIP, which allows for
multiple real-time applications such as voice, video, games etc. to
run across a single network.

7. Enabling Technologies (Contd.)
• It was initially designed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
for mobile networks, newer releases of IMS are designed to be access
agnostic so that it can be used by any type of access method, be it a fixed
line or mobile of any standard (GSM, CDMA2000, UMTS etc.)

8. Enabling Technologies (Contd.)
Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA)
• UMA is an access technology that allows subscribers to switch
between fixed and mobile networks. It provides access to GSM and
GPRS mobile services over unlicensed spectrum technologies,
including Bluetooth and WiFi. By deploying UMA technology,
service providers can enable subscribers to roam and handover
between cellular networks and public and private unlicensed
wireless networks using dual-mode mobile handsets.

10. Levels of FMC
 Network Convergence: Fixed/mobile networks
physically share transportation infrastructure.
(access N/w & core N/w)
 Service Convergence: Lets people connect simply
to a wider number of services using a smaller
number of devices. (Voice, IM, SMS, video)
 Device/Terminal Convergence: Single terminal
can be used to access different services offered
by different networks (different technology)

12. BSS
BTS
A/Gb
GSM Macro cell
Transmission
Network
BSC
Core
Network
MSC/HLR/…
Internet
Mobile@Home Solution
@home pico cell
IP Network
DSL

13. BSS
BTS
A/Gb
GSM Macro cell
Transmission
Network
BSC
Core
Network
MSC/HLR/…
Internet
@home pico cell
IP Network
DSL
Mobile@Home Solution

14. BSS
BTS
A/Gb
GSM Macro cell
Transmission
Network
BSC
Core
Network
MSC/HLR/…
Internet
@home pico cell
Mobile@Home
IP Network
DSL
HBS
A/Gb
HBSC
HBS
Mobile@Home Solution

15. BSS
BTS
A/Gb
GSM Macro cell
Transmission
Network
BSC
Core
Network
MSC/HLR/…
Internet
@home pico cell
Mobile@Home
IP Network
DSL
HBS
A/Gb
HBSC
HBS
Mobile@Home Solution

16. 3G Off loader
Presence Recorder
(User Profile &
Presence Recorder) Branch
Mall
Hospital
Resort
Home
CORE NETWORK
IN
MSC BSC
MMS
SMS
DATA
VOICE
Mobile Services
Voice, Data, SMS
CDR of
Data usage
HTTP
TCP/IP
PSTN
RTP
SIP
Phone
Wi-Fi Handset
SIP PBX
Intelligent
Call
Management
System
CAMEL
INAP
TCP/IP
F.M.C - Network Architecture

17. PSTNSoft-Switch
ADSL
3G Off loader
Presence
Recorder
BSC
MSC
IN
Intelligent
Call
Management
System
CAMEL
INAP
TCP/IP
WIFI
Remote
LocationsOffice
SIP
Phone
SIP
Phone
Cell
Phone
BSC
MSC
Media
Gateway
Soft Switch
UnifiedCommunications
Air NGX
SIP
Phone
SIP
Phone
Cell
Phone
RTP
SIP Phone
WIFI handset
SIP PBX
SIP
Phone
Multi Location
Office
BSC
MSC
Media
Gateway
Soft Switch
UnifiedCommunications
Air NGX
F.M.C – Multiple Scenarios
Home

18. FMC Case Scenarios for Voice and Data
 Scenario I: Voice calls on Mobile SIM subscriber walking into his/ her residence should
automatically be diverted to the landline network of his/ her residence.
 Scenario II: Data Calls on Mobile SIM subscriber walking into his/ her residence should
seamlessly and automatically be handed over to wireless broadband network of his/
her residence; thereby decreasing the load on the 3G or Edge network of the operator.
 Scenario III: Multi-location: In case a MS subscriber is registered at his residence and
also at some other premises where he frequents, then the Voice and data calls for his
mobile would be seamlessly handed over to the landline and Wi-Fi network used in the
premises.
 Scenario IV: Unified Communication and Roaming services: In a true FMC environment,
user should be able to avail his/ her telephone calls, Voice Mail, Fax Mail, and other
services of the office/roaming environment on his GSM handset or his desk phone or
on VoIP phone thereby ensuring a single device operation for all his/ her varied
communication needs.

19. FMC CASE STUDY - 1
• British Telecom (BT) launched world’s first FMC service called
‘Fusion’ in June, 2005 in United Kingdom. It works just like a
mobile phone when user is out and about, but switches
automatically and seamlessly onto a BT Broadband line when the
user is at home. That means the user gets all the convenience and
features of a mobile phone but with fixed line prices and quality.
• BT Fusion offers customers huge savings by allowing calls to UK
landline numbers to be charged at BT landline rates. Calls over
broadband in the home means customers can make a mobile call
but with the quality of a fixed-line and worry less about the signal
being lost or dropping out.

21.  When BT launched Fusion, the technology was
immature. The service used a Bluetooth connection between a dual
mode handset and the Home Hub wireless router, which had a
range of about 10 meters. That meant effectively, users would be in
range of the BT Home Hub only when in the same room.

22. CASE STUDY - 2
Anil Ambani’s Reliance Telecommunications OneOffice Duo:
Reliance One Office Duo Service offered a nationwide converged
voice CUG across Mobiles & landlines in 2007. It creates corporate wide virtual
private network with both wireline and wireless subscribers.Any member of
Voice VPN group may use Short Digit Dial (SDD) code or actual Directory
Number (DN) to reach another member of the same group.
All the Voice VPN on-net calls made by the subscriber using the
Voice VPN service shall be billed to the corporate and should not be reflected in
individual user's phone bill
OneOffice Duo also provides enterprises with a Self-service portal for
administrators to add/delete/modify the members to OneOffice Duo and
manage their service profile
It also includes the following services:
1) Wireline – Centrex Exchange, PRI, FLP.
2) Wireless – CDMA – Mobile, FWP, FWT. GSM (RCOM & RTL networks) –
Mobile.

23. CONCLUSION
FMC CHALLENGES:
1) Number plans & number portability
2) Directory services
3) Handset Availability
Albeit, FMC has fundamentally changed the way the
communications world currently functions. Instead of taking
a network-centric view, FMC places the customer at the
centre of communications. As a result, consumers benefit
from convenience and simplicity, enabling new services for a
lower price.