1. ARTICLES
Recycling
Guidelines Recycling is a process whereby waste
products such as glass, paper and
1. Articles can be divided into a few types. There are articles for school
plastic are broken down and made into
magazines, brochures, newsletters and newspaper. Using a definition
new products. In our country, recycling
2. Articles are usually short and to the point.
is not a new thing. However, a lot still
3. Language used in articles must be simple.
has to be done to make it a common
4. Read the question given carefully. Understand the short notes given.
practice in every household.
5. When you have understood the notes given, expand these notes.
6. You may use your own ideas to make the article more interesting.
Examination Blues
However, make sure that the facts are correct and up-to-date.
In recent years, there has been a
7. Know who you are writing for. This allows you to write with your readers
worrying trend of teenage suicide.
in mind.
Using a general Although it happens more in countries
8. Arrange your points in paragraphs. Each main idea should have some
statement like Japan and China, the problem exists
supporting ideas. Make sure your composition has the following parts:
in our country. One of the reasons for
this is examination.
i. Introduction
- It takes only one paragraph and must be interesting enough
to capture the reader’s attention. It should contain the main
ii. Body
idea of as well as the direction of your composition
- This is the most important part of your composition. It
- Here are a few ways you may begin your composition:
contains the points that support your main idea as contained
Methods Examples in the introduction.
- The points must be divided into different paragraphs. Each
Say No To Cigarettes paragraph will have the same structure.
Statistics show that a startling 39% of - Begin each paragraph with a main point followed by an
the Malaysian population smoke. Of this elaboration and examples.
number, about one third is youths - Example:
Using startling facts
below the age of 21. If these numbers TOPIC SENTENCE
are anything to go by, then smoking is a
serious problem that needs to be
Accidents on the road occur mainly
nipped in the bud.
because of the carelessness of drivers.
Many of us are not fully focused when
driving. If we lose concentration, even
We Are What We Eat Supporting
for a split second, we might lose control
Do you realise that three out of every details of our vehicles and cause an accident.
ten people on earth are obese? Obesity
For example, a call on our mobile phone
today is considered one of the major
or children at the back of the car who
Using questions health problems in the country. Unless
are disruptive, can cause us to lose our
we control what we eat, soon, the
concentration when we are driving.
number of obese people in the country
will increase to an even more alarming
Example
figure.

2. - It is not enough to be able to write supporting details for the - Here are some ways to conclude
topic sentence. To help readers follow your line of thought,
the sentences in your paragraphs must be connected so that Methods Examples
your paragraph will stand as one unit. In other words, your
ideas must be unified and coherent. For this purpose, you can Road accidents
use different connectors. Therefore, we can see that accidents
are caused not only by faulty cars, but
Summarise your
Types of Connectors Examples also by poor road conditions as well as
main points
careless drivers. Something must be
also; and; as well as; done to reduce the number of accidents
besides; furthermore; on the road.
To show addition
moreover; in addition;
in the same way
Road accidents
The number of fatalities on the road will
for example; for instance; increase every year because of the
To give example such as; for one thing; Call for action increase in vehicles on the road.
in this way; by doing so Therefore, the government must come
up with some measures to prevent this
from happening.
as a result; therefore;
To show result/conclusion consequently; so; in;
conclusion; thus The Plights of the Tiger
However, all is not lost. If we all work
together, putting aside our differences,
Express your hopes
in spite of this; but; then one day, we may hope that the
To show contrast on the other hand; tigers of the wild will be free to roam
yet; on the contrary the jungles again.
first, second, third…..; next The Plight of the Tiger
To show sequence Much can be learnt from this. For one,
then; after this; before that
End with a moral prevention is better than cure. If we
value work together to protect the natural
habitat of tigers, they will once again
rightfully be the king of the jungle.
iii. Conclusion
- This part is like a summary of your composition. It must 9. Give your article a suitable title
reassert your main idea on the topic. However, do not re-
write it exactly. You may also end your essay by describing 10. Read through to make sure you have no careless mistakes in spelling,
your feelings about the topic. grammar and punctuation.

3. MODEL PMR QUESTION MODEL ANSWER
Study the poster below and answer the question that follows. Tips to maintain a healthy brain
Introduce the The brain is the most important part of our body. We use
Tips to maintain a healthy brain topic the brain to function every day, think and solve problems.
Just like your hearing and vision, your brain changes as your age. The
Alzheimer’s Association recommends the following tips to keep your Giving reasons Here are some tips to maintain a healthy brain. First of all,
‘thinker’ healthy. in sequence we can stay mentally alert by participating in problem-solving
activities that stimulate the brain. One such activity to stimulate
Stay mentally alert (1st point the brain is by solving crossword puzzles or Sudoku, the latest
Participate in problem –solving activities that stimulate the with craze that just uses numbers from one to nine. Solving puzzles
brain elaboration) such as these keeps us mentally alert.
Pump – up with exercise
Physical exercise increase the amount of blood flowing to the
Adding further Another tip to maintain a healthy brain is to exercise. We
brain and stimulates the growth of new brain cells must exercise at least 30 minutes every day or three times per
information
week. Doing physical exercise such as jogging increases the
Remain socially involved (2nd point with amount of blood flowing to the brain. This stimulates the
Add small changes to your life that will keep you curious and elaboration) growth of new brain cells. Hence, exercising helps to maintain a
involved. You can join a club or take a class healthy brain.
Choose healthy foods
Eat dark-skinned fruit and vegetables as they are high in
To add further Other than exercising, another tip to maintain a healthy
antioxidants. Reduce your intake of food high in fat and
information brain is to remain socially involved. You can join a club, take a
cholesterol.
class or enrol in society so that you are always on the move and
(3rd point with there are small changes in your life. Being active or a volunteer
elaboration) and learning a new skill are ways of maintaining a healthy brain.
Write an article for your school newsletter providing tips on maintaining a
healthy brain
Adding final Lastly, to maintain a healthy brain, we should choose and
When writing your article: information eat healthy food such as vegetables and fruit. Eating dark-
skinned fruits and vegetables that are high in antioxidant is
You may use all the notes (4th point with good for the brain. We should also reduce the intake of food
Elaborate on the given notes to make it more interesting elaboration) high in fat and cholesterol.
add any other relevant information
make sure it is not less than 120 words
Concluding an These are the tips to maintain a healthy brain. Stay healthy
argument and stay smartly!