AN INTRODUCTION TO PUMPING EQUIPMENT Principle And Operation Types And features

1. M.Hossein.Taghibeygi
Civil Aviation Technology College
IRAN

2. AN INTRODUCTION TO PUMPING
EQUIPMENT
Principle And Operation

3. WHAT IS THE PUMP ?
A hydrodynamic pump machine is a device for converting the
energy held by mechanical energy into fluid
Pumps enable a liquid to:
1. Flow from a region or low pressure to one of high pressure.
2. Flow from a low level to a higher level.
3. Flow at a faster rate.

4. There are two main categories of pump:
 Rotodynamic pumps
 Positive displacement pumps
Diaphragm
Piston
ReciprocatingRotary
Mixed flow
Gear
Lobe
Vane
Screw
Axial flow
Centrifugal
Rotodynamic Positive displacement
PUMP

5. Positive-displacement Pumps:
A variety of positive-displacement pumps are also available,
generally consisting of a rotating member with a number of
lobes that move in a close-fitting casing. The liquid is trapped in
the spaces between the lobes and then discharged into a region
of higher pressure. A common device of this type is the gear
pump, which consists of a pair of meshing gears. The lobes in
this case are the gear teeth .
Rorodynamic Pumps:
pumps that have a rotating impeller, also known as a blade,
that is immersed in the liquid. Liquid enters the pump near the
axis of the impeller, and the rotating impeller sweeps the liquid
out toward the ends of the impeller blades at high pressure .
For low flows and high pressures, the action of the impeller is
largely radial.

6. Piston pumps
Axial Piston Pump Radial Piston Pump
Swash Plate
Pump
Bent Axis
Pump
Reciprocating

7. Axial piston pump
these consists of a number of pistons which are caused to reciprocate by the
relative rotation of an inclined plate or by angling the piston block.
Bent axis pump
1- Bent axis piston Pumps have a rotating cylinder containing parallel
pistons arranged radially around the cylinder center line.
2- The pressure in the fluid causes the pistons to reciprocate over a stroke
based on the relative angle of the shaft and cylinder.
3- The motion of the pistons results in the rotation of the shaft.

8. 4- The cylinder is driven by an shaft which is arranged at an angle to the
cylinder axis.
5- The shaft includes a flange with a mechanical connection to each piston. 6-
The greater the angle of the cylinders to the shaft axes the longer the
pistons stroke and the less the rotation speed per unit fluid flow rate.

9.  Typical displacements to 500 cm3/r
 Typical pressures to 350 bar
 No through shaft option (multiple
assemblies not possible)
 High overall efficiency
 Compact package.
BENT AXIS PISTON PUMP

10. Swash plate Pump
1- Swash plate pumps have a rotating cylinder containing pistons.
2- A spring pushes the pistons against a stationary swash plate,
which sits at an angle to the cylinder.
3- The pistons suck in fluid during half a revolution and push fluid
out during the other half.
4- It contains two semi-circular ports.
5- These ports allow the pistons to draw in fluid as they move
toward the swash plate (on the backside and not shown here)
and discharge it as they move away.

11. 6- For a given speed swash plate
pumps can be of fixed
displacement like this one, or
variable by having a variable
swash plate angle.

12. Axial Piston Pump

13. Axial Piston Pump

14. Axial Piston Pump

15. Axial Piston Pump

16. Axial Piston Pump

17. Axial Piston Pump

18. Axial Piston Pump

19. Axial Piston Pump

20. Axial Piston Pump

21. Axial Piston Pump

22. Axial Piston Pump

23. Axial Piston Pump

24. Axial Piston Pump

25. Axial Piston Pump

26. Axial Piston Pump

27. Axial Piston Pump

28. Q
Q = (No. of Pistons) x (Piston Size) x (Piston Stroke) x (Drive Speed)
VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP - MAX FLOW

29. Q
STROKE
VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP - MAX FLOW
Q = (No. of Pistons) x (Piston Size) x (Piston Stroke) x (Drive Speed)

30. STROKE
Q
VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP - REDUCED FLOW
Q = (No. of Pistons) x (Piston Size) x (Piston Stroke) x (Drive Speed)

31. STROKE
Q
VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP - REDUCED FLOW
Q = (No. of Pistons) x (Piston Size) x (Piston Stroke) x (Drive Speed)

32. Q
STROKE
VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP - ZERO FLOW
Q = (No. of Pistons) x (Piston Size) x (Piston Stroke) x (Drive Speed)

33. STROKE
VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PUMP - ZERO FLOW
Q = (No. of Pistons) x (Piston Size) x (Piston Stroke) x (Drive Speed)

34.  Displacements to 750+ cm3/hr
 Pressure capabilities to 350/400 bar
 High noise level
 Sensitive to poor inlet conditions &
contamination
 High overall efficiency
 Good life expectancy
 Large, bulky units
 Good fluid compatibility
 High cost.
Variable AXIAL PISTON PUMP CHARACTERISTICS

35. Radial pump

36.  Displacements to 250 cm3/r
 Pressure capabilities to 350 bar
 Suitable for open & closed loop
 High overall efficiency
 Good life expectancy
 Short, wide shape
 Simple multiple pump
assemblies
 High cost.
RADIAL PISTON PUMP CHARACTERISTICS

37. Operation Of Double Acting Reciprocating
Pump

38. Reciprocating : Diaphragm Pump

39. Rotary : Gear Pump

43. Gerotor pump

44. Rotary : Lobe Pump
• Food applications, because
they handle solids without
damaging the pump.
• Particle size pumped can be
much larger in these pumps
than in other PD types .

46. The operation of the vane pump is based on , the rotor which contain
radial slots rotate by a shaft and rotate in cam ring (housing), each slot
contain a vane design as to comes out from the slot as the rotor turns.
During one half of the rotation the oil inters between the vane and the
housing then this area starts to decrease in the second half which permit
the pressure to be produced , then the oil comes out pressurizes to the
output port.
Vane pumps

47. Vane pumps
Fixed Displacement
Vane pump
Variable Displacement
Vane pump
Balanced
Vane pump
Unbalanced
Vane pump

48. Unbalanced vane pump

49. Balanced vane pump

50. Balanced vane pump

51.  Typical displacements to 200 cm3/r
 Typical pressures to 280 bar
 Fixed displacement only
 Provides prime mover soft-start
 Simple double assemblies
 Low noise
 Good serviceability.
FIXED VANE PUMP CHARACTERISTICS

52. Advantage of balanced pump over unbalanced vane
pump
1- it has bigger flow
2- it has bigger pressure
3- its life is bigger
4- constant volume displacement

53. Variable Displacement Vane Pump
In variable displacement the discharge of pump can be changed
by varying the eccentricity between rotor and pump cam-ring.
As eccentricity increases pump discharge increases.
With decrease in eccentricity discharge decreases and oil flow
completely stop when rotor becomes concentric to pump cam ring.

54. VARIABLE VANE PUMP PRINCIPLE

55. VARIABLE VANE PUMP PRINCIPLE

56. VARIABLE VANE PUMP PRINCIPLE

57.  Typical displacements to 100 cm3/r
 Typical pressures to 160 bar
 Simple multiple assemblies
 Range of pump controls
 Low noise
 Low cost.
VARIABLE VANE PUMP CHARACTERISTICS

58. Advantage of vane pump
1- low noise but higher than screw pump.
2- range of work from 500 – 1800 r.p.m
3- semi continuous flow
4- pressure of work between 50 – 80 bar
5-the vane motor must have spring backward to the vane to face the flow.
Disadvantages of vane pump
1- Complex housing and many parts
2- Not suitable for high pressures
3- Not suitable for high viscosity

59. Rotary : Screw Pump

61. Centrifugal Pumps
• This machine consists of an IMPELLER rotating within a case
(diffuser)
• Liquid directed into the center of the rotating impeller is
picked up by the impeller’s vanes and accelerated to a higher
velocity by the rotation of the impeller and discharged by
centrifugal force into the case (diffuser).

62. Centrifugal Pump
Electric Motor

65. IMPELLERS

66. Radial flowAxial flow
Mixed flow
Three main categories of centrifugal pumps
exist :

67. 1- Presence of foreign particles
2- Foams and bubbles
3- Overheating of oil
4- Wrong selection of oil.
Factors Affecting Pump Performance :
1- Flow rate requirement
2- Operating speed
3- Pressure rating
4- Performance
5- Reliability
6- Maintenance
7- Cost and Noise
8- Fluid Type
Major aspects in the selection of pumps :

68. Pumps Performance
The performance of a pump is a function of the existing clearance between
the components and loses. Hence, the following terms are defined for the
pump efficiency.
Volumetric Efficiency:
Mechanical Efficiency:
Overall Efficiency
T
A
V
Q
Q

produceshouldpumprate-flowltheoretica
pumpbyproducedrate-flowactual

A
T
m
T
T

pumptodeliveredtorqueactual
pumpopratetorequiredtorqueltheoretica

Vmo  

69. Pumps Features
Features Rating
1 2 3
Price
Working in high temperature
Maximum operating pressure
Maintenance
Controllability
Accuracy
G V P
G V P
P V G
G V,P
P V,G
P V,G
G= Gear pump V= Vane Pump P= Piston pump