OK - its not the greatest PPT ever made, but it helped get across the vocabulary needed for the Constitutional Convention. I will make a better one for the future.
3. Creating the Constitution Respond to the failures of the Articles of Confederation James Madison: “Father of the Constitution” “Framer of the Constitution” Met in Philly 1787
4. How to determine representation? Proportionally? Equally? How to count slaves? Strong central govt or weak central govt? How to keep govt from getting too powerful? Who can tax? Big Questions
5. NJ Plan Virginia Plan Great Compromise Bicameral Unicameral Based on population Executive: chosen by Congress; could veto Congress Senate chosen by the House equal representation Executive chosen by Congress, but could be removed by majority of state governors Based on population or amount of $ given to central government Federaljudiciary: single supreme court appointed by the executive national power over states Judicial: chosen by Congress; power to veto Congress Congress maintained power + tax and regulate interstate trade House of Reps. elected by public
6. Virginia plan 3 separate branches Legislature: Bicameral Based on population or amount of $ given to central government House of Reps. elected by public Senate chosen by the House Same powers as the Articles plus national power over states Executive: chosen by Congress; could veto Congress Judicial: chosen by Congress; power to veto Congress Viewed as “radical” by smaller states
7. New Jersey Plan Unicameral legislature w/ equal representation from states Congress maintained power + tax and regulate interstate trade Executive chosen by Congress, but could be removed by majority of state governors Federal judiciary would be a single supreme tribunal appointed by the executive
8. How to deal with slaves? Count as population? Do not count as population? Abolish slavery? Final Decision
9. Arguments for weak central government? Arguments for strong central government? Solution? Strong or Weak Government
10. Separate the Powers: Federalism National govt has powers State govts have powers Three Branches Legislative, Executive, Judicial Balance the Powers Set checks and balances so each branch can put a break on the others Two Ways to Control Government
11. Definition: Governmental powers are divided on a territorial basis National government has some powers and responsibilities State governments have some powers and responsibilities. Even local governments have some powers and responsibilities Federalism:
12. National government would have some expressed powers dedicated to it by the Constitution “Regulate Interstate Commerce” Would also have some implied powers that are not specifically stated “Necessary & Proper” (or elastic) clause (build interstate highway system) Also has some inherent powers that all governments have (Protect the nation from external threats) National govt also has things denied to it No power to tax states Federalism:
13. Reserved Powers: States get any powers that are not expressly designated to the national govt Concurrent Powers: Those shared by both the National and State govts. Federalism
14. Bundle of Compromises The Connecticut Compromise(“The Great Compromise”) Bicameral legislature Senatew/ equal rep. House of Representatives based on population Three-Fifths Compromise All “free persons” should be counted in population + 3/5ths of all others Southerners would have to pay additional taxes levied by Congress based on the same principle Overturned by the 13th Amendment in 1865 Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise Congress was forbidden to tax export goods or act on slave trade for 20 years
15. Ratification ( approval) Required approval of 9 states Federalists= favored ratification (Madison and Hamilton) Anti-federalists= opposed due to increased power of the national government absence of the mention of God Denied states the ability to print money Lack of bill of rights Bill of Rights promised – so anti-federalists gave in and signed
