SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 31
Descargar para leer sin conexión
Beginner’s Guide to
Classroom Technology
VISION
WHY
S TA R T W I T H T H E
WHYI S Y O U R
PURPOSE
WHYI S Y O U R
CAUSE
WHYI S Y O U R
BELIEF
WHY
BETTER
TEST SCORES
WHY
STUDENT
ENGAGEMENT
“Technology is a tool,
not a learning outcome.”
Bill Ferriter
VISINBOARD
VISINBOARD padlet.com
time frame
tools
WHY statement
PRACTICE
“Something else will come along.”
Mark Wagner
Amber Case
“Be tied to the method, not the tool.”
START SMALL
SAMR
REDEFINITION
MODIFICATION
AUGMENTATION
SUBSTITUTION
direct substitute, no functional change
direct substitute, with functional improvement
significant task redesign
creation of new tasks, previously inconceivable
ENHANCEMENT
TRANSFORMATION
SAMR
EVALUATION
SA ENHANCEMENT
AUGMENTATION
SUBSTITUTION
direct substitute, no functional change
direct substitute, with functional improvement
bit.ly/ncce14SA
SA(MR) LIST
NEXT LEVEL
MAKE PD HAPPEN
#hashtags
MAKE PD HAPPEN
communities
share
BE TRANSPARENT
SHARE
share
SHARE
SHARE
SHARE
share
share
SHARE
share
LET THEM TINKER
‣USE CURIOSITY AS
A MOTIVATOR
‣MAKE HOME LEARNING
EXPLORATORY
TIME TO TINKER
Poll Everywhere
Haiku Deck
Educreations
Padlet
Google Docs
‣PICK A TOOL
‣START WITH WHY
‣THINK OF SAMR
TIME TO TINKER
bit.ly/ncce14tinker
TIME TO TINKER
PATIENT PERSISTENCE
“Recovery from failure is
where learning takes place.”
Joe Morelock
Jeremy K. Macdonald
@mrmacnology
bit.ly/ncce14bg
bit.ly/bgslides14

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente

No agility without continuous delivery frugagile
No agility without continuous delivery   frugagileNo agility without continuous delivery   frugagile
No agility without continuous delivery frugagilemartinsson
 
Failing @ Scaling Agile? Don’t Panic! & Carry a Towel
Failing @ Scaling Agile? Don’t Panic! & Carry a TowelFailing @ Scaling Agile? Don’t Panic! & Carry a Towel
Failing @ Scaling Agile? Don’t Panic! & Carry a TowelEm Campbell-Pretty
 
Productivity program 3.11
Productivity program 3.11Productivity program 3.11
Productivity program 3.11David Iverson
 
Stakeholder involvement in ux research
Stakeholder involvement in ux researchStakeholder involvement in ux research
Stakeholder involvement in ux researchHester Bruikman
 
Information radiators
Information radiatorsInformation radiators
Information radiatorslheasman
 
Leading Agility - How Might We Co-Facilitate Self-Organization
Leading Agility - How Might We Co-Facilitate Self-OrganizationLeading Agility - How Might We Co-Facilitate Self-Organization
Leading Agility - How Might We Co-Facilitate Self-OrganizationIan Pestelos #MovetheAverageUp
 
How did you use new media technologies in
How did you use new media technologies inHow did you use new media technologies in
How did you use new media technologies inFallon Krampah
 
Maps and Skateboards: A Product Manager's Toolkit
Maps and Skateboards: A Product Manager's ToolkitMaps and Skateboards: A Product Manager's Toolkit
Maps and Skateboards: A Product Manager's ToolkitDave Cliffe
 
How did you use new media technologies in
How did you use new media technologies inHow did you use new media technologies in
How did you use new media technologies inFallon Krampah
 

La actualidad más candente (11)

StangaOne1_A_Guide_for_Everyone
StangaOne1_A_Guide_for_EveryoneStangaOne1_A_Guide_for_Everyone
StangaOne1_A_Guide_for_Everyone
 
No agility without continuous delivery frugagile
No agility without continuous delivery   frugagileNo agility without continuous delivery   frugagile
No agility without continuous delivery frugagile
 
Failing @ Scaling Agile? Don’t Panic! & Carry a Towel
Failing @ Scaling Agile? Don’t Panic! & Carry a TowelFailing @ Scaling Agile? Don’t Panic! & Carry a Towel
Failing @ Scaling Agile? Don’t Panic! & Carry a Towel
 
Productivity program 3.11
Productivity program 3.11Productivity program 3.11
Productivity program 3.11
 
Stakeholder involvement in ux research
Stakeholder involvement in ux researchStakeholder involvement in ux research
Stakeholder involvement in ux research
 
Information radiators
Information radiatorsInformation radiators
Information radiators
 
Leading Agility - How Might We Co-Facilitate Self-Organization
Leading Agility - How Might We Co-Facilitate Self-OrganizationLeading Agility - How Might We Co-Facilitate Self-Organization
Leading Agility - How Might We Co-Facilitate Self-Organization
 
[PDS] Planning your Show
[PDS] Planning your Show [PDS] Planning your Show
[PDS] Planning your Show
 
How did you use new media technologies in
How did you use new media technologies inHow did you use new media technologies in
How did you use new media technologies in
 
Maps and Skateboards: A Product Manager's Toolkit
Maps and Skateboards: A Product Manager's ToolkitMaps and Skateboards: A Product Manager's Toolkit
Maps and Skateboards: A Product Manager's Toolkit
 
How did you use new media technologies in
How did you use new media technologies inHow did you use new media technologies in
How did you use new media technologies in
 

Similar a Beginner's Guide to Classroom Technology

Amp up learning with the SAMR
Amp up learning with the SAMRAmp up learning with the SAMR
Amp up learning with the SAMRashchapman3
 
SAMR Model (Puentedura, 2014)
SAMR Model (Puentedura, 2014)SAMR Model (Puentedura, 2014)
SAMR Model (Puentedura, 2014)Kenneth Chan
 
Samr+Digital Blooms
Samr+Digital BloomsSamr+Digital Blooms
Samr+Digital Bloomsmackas
 
Designing Applications that CARE
Designing Applications that CAREDesigning Applications that CARE
Designing Applications that CAREKiran Budhrani
 
Salt Rapid Prototyping 030310
Salt Rapid Prototyping 030310Salt Rapid Prototyping 030310
Salt Rapid Prototyping 030310Lisa Meece
 
SAMR, TPCK in context Malmo 21 nov 2011
SAMR, TPCK in context Malmo 21 nov 2011SAMR, TPCK in context Malmo 21 nov 2011
SAMR, TPCK in context Malmo 21 nov 2011pedagogmalmo
 
Building Organic Web Traffic, Webinar with iZooto
Building Organic Web Traffic, Webinar with iZootoBuilding Organic Web Traffic, Webinar with iZooto
Building Organic Web Traffic, Webinar with iZootoAnnkur Agarwal
 
WillowDNA webinar jan 2016 performance catalysts
WillowDNA webinar jan 2016 performance catalystsWillowDNA webinar jan 2016 performance catalysts
WillowDNA webinar jan 2016 performance catalystsWillowDNA
 
Introduction to the iPad in the Special Education Classroom
Introduction to the iPad in the Special Education ClassroomIntroduction to the iPad in the Special Education Classroom
Introduction to the iPad in the Special Education ClassroomSpectronics
 
Webtools to Climb the SAMR Ladder
Webtools to Climb the SAMR LadderWebtools to Climb the SAMR Ladder
Webtools to Climb the SAMR LadderMartin Cisneros
 
Using SAMR to improve ICT use in the classroom
Using SAMR to improve ICT use in the classroomUsing SAMR to improve ICT use in the classroom
Using SAMR to improve ICT use in the classroomRebecca Davies
 
Why Most eLearning Fails: How to Create eLearning that Gets Results
Why Most eLearning Fails: How to Create eLearning that Gets ResultsWhy Most eLearning Fails: How to Create eLearning that Gets Results
Why Most eLearning Fails: How to Create eLearning that Gets ResultsAggregage
 
We have ipads now what 2
We have ipads now what 2We have ipads now what 2
We have ipads now what 2Rebecca Davies
 
Making Learning Accessible - The iPad and Supporting Students who Struggle wi...
Making Learning Accessible - The iPad and Supporting Students who Struggle wi...Making Learning Accessible - The iPad and Supporting Students who Struggle wi...
Making Learning Accessible - The iPad and Supporting Students who Struggle wi...Spectronics
 
Apps for Literacy Support
Apps for Literacy Support Apps for Literacy Support
Apps for Literacy Support Spectronics
 
SAMR Model of Technology Integration_as
SAMR Model of Technology Integration_asSAMR Model of Technology Integration_as
SAMR Model of Technology Integration_asadinasullivan
 

Similar a Beginner's Guide to Classroom Technology (18)

SAMR
SAMRSAMR
SAMR
 
Amp up learning with the SAMR
Amp up learning with the SAMRAmp up learning with the SAMR
Amp up learning with the SAMR
 
SAMR Model (Puentedura, 2014)
SAMR Model (Puentedura, 2014)SAMR Model (Puentedura, 2014)
SAMR Model (Puentedura, 2014)
 
Samr+Digital Blooms
Samr+Digital BloomsSamr+Digital Blooms
Samr+Digital Blooms
 
The SAMR Ladder v3
The SAMR Ladder v3The SAMR Ladder v3
The SAMR Ladder v3
 
Designing Applications that CARE
Designing Applications that CAREDesigning Applications that CARE
Designing Applications that CARE
 
Salt Rapid Prototyping 030310
Salt Rapid Prototyping 030310Salt Rapid Prototyping 030310
Salt Rapid Prototyping 030310
 
SAMR, TPCK in context Malmo 21 nov 2011
SAMR, TPCK in context Malmo 21 nov 2011SAMR, TPCK in context Malmo 21 nov 2011
SAMR, TPCK in context Malmo 21 nov 2011
 
Building Organic Web Traffic, Webinar with iZooto
Building Organic Web Traffic, Webinar with iZootoBuilding Organic Web Traffic, Webinar with iZooto
Building Organic Web Traffic, Webinar with iZooto
 
WillowDNA webinar jan 2016 performance catalysts
WillowDNA webinar jan 2016 performance catalystsWillowDNA webinar jan 2016 performance catalysts
WillowDNA webinar jan 2016 performance catalysts
 
Introduction to the iPad in the Special Education Classroom
Introduction to the iPad in the Special Education ClassroomIntroduction to the iPad in the Special Education Classroom
Introduction to the iPad in the Special Education Classroom
 
Webtools to Climb the SAMR Ladder
Webtools to Climb the SAMR LadderWebtools to Climb the SAMR Ladder
Webtools to Climb the SAMR Ladder
 
Using SAMR to improve ICT use in the classroom
Using SAMR to improve ICT use in the classroomUsing SAMR to improve ICT use in the classroom
Using SAMR to improve ICT use in the classroom
 
Why Most eLearning Fails: How to Create eLearning that Gets Results
Why Most eLearning Fails: How to Create eLearning that Gets ResultsWhy Most eLearning Fails: How to Create eLearning that Gets Results
Why Most eLearning Fails: How to Create eLearning that Gets Results
 
We have ipads now what 2
We have ipads now what 2We have ipads now what 2
We have ipads now what 2
 
Making Learning Accessible - The iPad and Supporting Students who Struggle wi...
Making Learning Accessible - The iPad and Supporting Students who Struggle wi...Making Learning Accessible - The iPad and Supporting Students who Struggle wi...
Making Learning Accessible - The iPad and Supporting Students who Struggle wi...
 
Apps for Literacy Support
Apps for Literacy Support Apps for Literacy Support
Apps for Literacy Support
 
SAMR Model of Technology Integration_as
SAMR Model of Technology Integration_asSAMR Model of Technology Integration_as
SAMR Model of Technology Integration_as
 

Más de MrMacnology

Language Development Through Storytelling
Language Development Through StorytellingLanguage Development Through Storytelling
Language Development Through StorytellingMrMacnology
 
Practical PD: Simple and Worth Their TIme
Practical PD: Simple and Worth Their TImePractical PD: Simple and Worth Their TIme
Practical PD: Simple and Worth Their TImeMrMacnology
 
Better or Different #OAtS13
Better or Different #OAtS13Better or Different #OAtS13
Better or Different #OAtS13MrMacnology
 
Mills Grant Final Presentation
Mills Grant Final PresentationMills Grant Final Presentation
Mills Grant Final PresentationMrMacnology
 
SOETS11 - Tools Medley
SOETS11 - Tools MedleySOETS11 - Tools Medley
SOETS11 - Tools MedleyMrMacnology
 
COEDTech FAV 8 Web 2.0 Tools
COEDTech FAV 8 Web 2.0 ToolsCOEDTech FAV 8 Web 2.0 Tools
COEDTech FAV 8 Web 2.0 ToolsMrMacnology
 

Más de MrMacnology (6)

Language Development Through Storytelling
Language Development Through StorytellingLanguage Development Through Storytelling
Language Development Through Storytelling
 
Practical PD: Simple and Worth Their TIme
Practical PD: Simple and Worth Their TImePractical PD: Simple and Worth Their TIme
Practical PD: Simple and Worth Their TIme
 
Better or Different #OAtS13
Better or Different #OAtS13Better or Different #OAtS13
Better or Different #OAtS13
 
Mills Grant Final Presentation
Mills Grant Final PresentationMills Grant Final Presentation
Mills Grant Final Presentation
 
SOETS11 - Tools Medley
SOETS11 - Tools MedleySOETS11 - Tools Medley
SOETS11 - Tools Medley
 
COEDTech FAV 8 Web 2.0 Tools
COEDTech FAV 8 Web 2.0 ToolsCOEDTech FAV 8 Web 2.0 Tools
COEDTech FAV 8 Web 2.0 Tools
 

Último

Dyslexia AI Workshop for Slideshare.pptx
Dyslexia AI Workshop for Slideshare.pptxDyslexia AI Workshop for Slideshare.pptx
Dyslexia AI Workshop for Slideshare.pptxcallscotland1987
 
Single or Multiple melodic lines structure
Single or Multiple melodic lines structureSingle or Multiple melodic lines structure
Single or Multiple melodic lines structuredhanjurrannsibayan2
 
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...christianmathematics
 
Kodo Millet PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...
Kodo Millet  PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...Kodo Millet  PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...
Kodo Millet PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...pradhanghanshyam7136
 
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptxGoogle Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptxDr. Sarita Anand
 
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual  Proper...General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual  Proper...
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...Poonam Aher Patil
 
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docxPython Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docxRamakrishna Reddy Bijjam
 
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptxHMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptxEsquimalt MFRC
 
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdfKey note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdfAdmir Softic
 
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan FellowsOn National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan FellowsMebane Rash
 
ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701
ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701
ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701bronxfugly43
 
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.MaryamAhmad92
 
Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...
Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...
Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...ZurliaSoop
 
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds in the Classroom
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds  in the ClassroomFostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds  in the Classroom
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds in the ClassroomPooky Knightsmith
 
Vishram Singh - Textbook of Anatomy Upper Limb and Thorax.. Volume 1 (1).pdf
Vishram Singh - Textbook of Anatomy  Upper Limb and Thorax.. Volume 1 (1).pdfVishram Singh - Textbook of Anatomy  Upper Limb and Thorax.. Volume 1 (1).pdf
Vishram Singh - Textbook of Anatomy Upper Limb and Thorax.. Volume 1 (1).pdfssuserdda66b
 
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptxMaritesTamaniVerdade
 
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptxICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptxAreebaZafar22
 
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdfMicro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdfPoh-Sun Goh
 

Último (20)

Dyslexia AI Workshop for Slideshare.pptx
Dyslexia AI Workshop for Slideshare.pptxDyslexia AI Workshop for Slideshare.pptx
Dyslexia AI Workshop for Slideshare.pptx
 
Single or Multiple melodic lines structure
Single or Multiple melodic lines structureSingle or Multiple melodic lines structure
Single or Multiple melodic lines structure
 
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
Explore beautiful and ugly buildings. Mathematics helps us create beautiful d...
 
Kodo Millet PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...
Kodo Millet  PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...Kodo Millet  PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...
Kodo Millet PPT made by Ghanshyam bairwa college of Agriculture kumher bhara...
 
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
 
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptxGoogle Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
Google Gemini An AI Revolution in Education.pptx
 
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual  Proper...General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual  Proper...
General Principles of Intellectual Property: Concepts of Intellectual Proper...
 
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docxPython Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
Python Notes for mca i year students osmania university.docx
 
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptxHMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
 
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdfKey note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
 
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan FellowsOn National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
On National Teacher Day, meet the 2024-25 Kenan Fellows
 
ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701
ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701
ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701
 
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
 
Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...
Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...
Jual Obat Aborsi Hongkong ( Asli No.1 ) 085657271886 Obat Penggugur Kandungan...
 
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 3pptx.pptx
 
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds in the Classroom
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds  in the ClassroomFostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds  in the Classroom
Fostering Friendships - Enhancing Social Bonds in the Classroom
 
Vishram Singh - Textbook of Anatomy Upper Limb and Thorax.. Volume 1 (1).pdf
Vishram Singh - Textbook of Anatomy  Upper Limb and Thorax.. Volume 1 (1).pdfVishram Singh - Textbook of Anatomy  Upper Limb and Thorax.. Volume 1 (1).pdf
Vishram Singh - Textbook of Anatomy Upper Limb and Thorax.. Volume 1 (1).pdf
 
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
2024-NATIONAL-LEARNING-CAMP-AND-OTHER.pptx
 
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptxICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
 
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdfMicro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
 

Beginner's Guide to Classroom Technology