2. Mercantilism
Competition to acquire the most gold
Colonies are a source of raw materials & a market for
British goods
I gotsta get paid!
King Charles II
Colonial
Merchant
3. Navigation Acts of 1651
Restricted colonial trade
All colonial trade has to go through England
Good for England and most colonists
Some colonial merchants resist
4.
5. Crackdown in Massachusetts
Punish colonists smuggling
goods
Revoke Mass.’s charter
Maine to New Jersey:
Dominion of New England
6. Sir Edmund Andros
Installed as D.O.N.E.’s
royal governor
Restricts local assemblies
and levies taxes without
input from local leaders.
Hated by almost everyone
in America
8. William & Mary
William of Orange: Dutch
royal
Mary: Protestant daughter of
James II
Parliament votes to install as
new monarchs
Supremacy of Parliament
New England colonies get
their charters back
9. Salutary Neglect: England Gets Bored
Raw materials keep flowing
Colonists keep buying English goods
Relaxed enforcement of regulations
10. Royal Authority Weakens
Colonial governors appointed by
the Crown
Paid by colonial assemblies
Who really controls these
governors?
Why doesn’t England keep the
reins tightened?
11.
12. Southern Plantation Economy
Cash crops dominate southern economy
Plantations instead of towns
Shipped crops to the North & England
Rural & Self-sufficient
13. Planters vs. Farmers
Planters: wealthy owners of large estates
Controlled southern economy, politics & society
Small Farmers: European immigrants; poor to Middle
Class
1713-1774: tobacco exports in the Chesapeake tripled
14. What role did women play in the South?
Could not vote
Educated in social graces or domestic tasks
Working Class: cook, clean, garden, sew, milk cows,
slaughter pigs
Planter Class: be rich (servants handled household chores)
15. Indentured Servants
Poor white men
Indentured themselves to
escape poverty in Europe
When freed, scratched out a
living in the western parts of
southern colonies
16. Slavery in the South
Agrarian economy demands labor
Slaves brought from Africa
1750: 200,000 slaves in America
80-90% farm work
Full-time work by 12
some slaves rented out
17. Olaudah Equiano
Captured by slave traders as a boy
Enslaved in Barbados & Virginia
Sold to British Naval Officer
Bought his freedom in 1766
Leading abolitionist in Britain
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X485Irzty-E
23. The Commercial North
1650-1750: colonial economy grows faster than Britain’s
Northern agriculture diverse – examples?
24. Northern Industry
Commerce grows in New England
Fishing, lumber, shipbuilding
1760: 1/3 of all British ships built in the colonies
Merchant class grows powerful
25. Life in the North
Urban – Boston, Philadelphia, NYC
Open squares, parks, police, and lit sidewalks
Lack of firewood and water – garbage floods the streets
26.
27. Life in the North
Germans and Scots-Irish
pour into the North –
Positives?
Slavery exists, though less
incentive than in the South
No political rights for
women – expected to obey
their husbands
28. The Enlightenment
Movement of the 1700s
World is scientific, not
magical
Truth through reason and
experimentation
How does the
Enlightenment influence
political thought?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jRR7CWLCZI
English Philosopher
John Locke
29. Great Awakening
Religious movement mid-1700s
Response to the decline of the Puritan church in New England
Revival meetings held throughout colonies
Challenged authority of traditional churches
How does the Great Awakening influence political thought?
30. The Other North American
Empire…France
1608: Quebec
founded
Control entire
Mississippi River
Valley
Population only
70,000 (1 million
British colonists)
How did French
colonies differ from
British?
31. French & Indian War
Great Britain v. France
British attempts to evict the
French from Ft. Duquesne fail
New British PM William Pitt
stunts French success
Iroquois now supporting
British
Decisive British victory in
Quebec
32.
33. Aftermath of War
Britain: all territory east of
Mississippi
Spain: all French land west
of Mississippi
France: keep small islands
in near Newfoundland &
West Indies
Indians: must now deal
with British
Proclamation of 1763:
Britain forbids colonial
expansion beyond the
Appalachian Mtns
34. Tensions Emerge
1761: Britain cracks down on smuggling
10,000 British troops stationed in America
Britain’s national debt doubled from the war
1764: Sugar Act