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Aggregate Supply and Demand
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],AGGREGATE DEMAND ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Graphically…
Price level Real domestic output, GDP CHANGES IN AGGREGATE DEMAND AD 1 AD 2 Aggregate Demand Can Increase
Price level Real domestic output, GDP CHANGES IN AGGREGATE DEMAND AD 1 AD 3 Aggregate Demand Can Increase … or Decrease
DETERMINANTS OF AGGREGATE DEMAND Change in Consumer Spending ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Change in Investment Spending ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DETERMINANTS OF AGGREGATE DEMAND Government Spending Net Export Spending ,[object Object],[object Object]
How to increase productivity
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],AGGREGATE SUPPLY Defined: The amounts of real output that firms will produce at each possible price level
3 Reasons For Downward Sloping AD Curve Real Money-balances E ffect – economy’s   monetary wealth. If we buy a  fixed bundle of   goods  &  services  (food/clothing/shelter),  at lower prices, it now takes less  money. Our accumulated savings  balances [401k, CDs, bonds] will  purchase more. AD Interest Rate Effect  – lower interest rates  increase investment and consumption.  Foreign Purchase Effect  – with lower U.S. prices, both Americans and foreigners buy more American goods.  Market Basket PL 1 PL 2
AGGREGATE SUPPLY Price level Real domestic output, GDP Q P Horizontal Range Upsloping or Intermediate Range Vertical Range
AGGREGATE SUPPLY Price level Real domestic output, GDP Q P AS 3 AS 1 AS 2 Increase In Aggregate Supply Decrease In Aggregate Supply Changes in Aggregate Supply
DETERMINANTS OF AGGREGATE SUPPLY Change in Input Prices ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
DETERMINANTS OF AGGREGATE SUPPLY Change in Productivity Change in Legal-Institutional Environment ,[object Object],[object Object],Productivity = Real Output Input
AGGREGATE SUPPLY Price level Real domestic output, GDP Q P Long Run AS LR Long-run Aggregate Supply Q f Full-Employment
AGGREGATE SUPPLY Price level Real domestic output, GDP Q P Short Run AS Aggregate Supply Short-run Q f Full- Employment
Price Level Real Domestic Output, GDP Q P AS AD 510 502 514 EQUILIBRIUM AND CHANGES IN EQUILIBRIUM 92 100 a b Equilibrium Real Output
Price Level Real Domestic Output, GDP Q P AS AD 1 INCREASES IN AD:  DEMAND-PULL INFLATION P 2 P 1 AD 2 Q f Q 1 Q 2
Price Level Real Domestic Output, GDP Q P AS AD 1 DECREASES IN AD: RECESSION  & CYCLICAL UNEMPLOYMENT P 1 AD 2 Q f Q 1 a c b
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Why prices are downwardly inflexible
Price Level Real Domestic Output, GDP Q P AS 1 AD 1 DECREASES IN AS:  COST-PUSH INFLATION P 2 Q f Q 1 a b AS 2 P 1
Price Level Real Domestic Output, GDP Q P AS 1 AD 1 INCREASES IN AS:  FULL EMPLOYMENT P 1 Q 2 Q 1 a b AS 2 P 2 … With Price-Level Stability AD 2 P 3 Q 3 Any Questions?
Coming soon... FISCAL POLICY Chapter 12

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Aggregate Supply / Demand

  • 2.
  • 3. Price level Real domestic output, GDP CHANGES IN AGGREGATE DEMAND AD 1 AD 2 Aggregate Demand Can Increase
  • 4. Price level Real domestic output, GDP CHANGES IN AGGREGATE DEMAND AD 1 AD 3 Aggregate Demand Can Increase … or Decrease
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. How to increase productivity
  • 8.
  • 9. 3 Reasons For Downward Sloping AD Curve Real Money-balances E ffect – economy’s monetary wealth. If we buy a fixed bundle of goods & services (food/clothing/shelter), at lower prices, it now takes less money. Our accumulated savings balances [401k, CDs, bonds] will purchase more. AD Interest Rate Effect – lower interest rates increase investment and consumption. Foreign Purchase Effect – with lower U.S. prices, both Americans and foreigners buy more American goods. Market Basket PL 1 PL 2
  • 10. AGGREGATE SUPPLY Price level Real domestic output, GDP Q P Horizontal Range Upsloping or Intermediate Range Vertical Range
  • 11. AGGREGATE SUPPLY Price level Real domestic output, GDP Q P AS 3 AS 1 AS 2 Increase In Aggregate Supply Decrease In Aggregate Supply Changes in Aggregate Supply
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14. AGGREGATE SUPPLY Price level Real domestic output, GDP Q P Long Run AS LR Long-run Aggregate Supply Q f Full-Employment
  • 15. AGGREGATE SUPPLY Price level Real domestic output, GDP Q P Short Run AS Aggregate Supply Short-run Q f Full- Employment
  • 16. Price Level Real Domestic Output, GDP Q P AS AD 510 502 514 EQUILIBRIUM AND CHANGES IN EQUILIBRIUM 92 100 a b Equilibrium Real Output
  • 17. Price Level Real Domestic Output, GDP Q P AS AD 1 INCREASES IN AD: DEMAND-PULL INFLATION P 2 P 1 AD 2 Q f Q 1 Q 2
  • 18. Price Level Real Domestic Output, GDP Q P AS AD 1 DECREASES IN AD: RECESSION & CYCLICAL UNEMPLOYMENT P 1 AD 2 Q f Q 1 a c b
  • 19.
  • 20. Price Level Real Domestic Output, GDP Q P AS 1 AD 1 DECREASES IN AS: COST-PUSH INFLATION P 2 Q f Q 1 a b AS 2 P 1
  • 21. Price Level Real Domestic Output, GDP Q P AS 1 AD 1 INCREASES IN AS: FULL EMPLOYMENT P 1 Q 2 Q 1 a b AS 2 P 2 … With Price-Level Stability AD 2 P 3 Q 3 Any Questions?
  • 22. Coming soon... FISCAL POLICY Chapter 12