7. In Western Europe . . .
• There was less political
unity and more
competition between
regions
• Regional Wars
• There was no “Empire” in
the West like Islamic,
Chinese, Byzantine, etc.
8. In Western Europe . . .
• Political rulers were
weaker
• The Church leaders &
landed nobility challenged
monarch’s power.
• Weak central governments
9. In Western Europe . . .
• The cities were more independent and
powerful
– Merchants had more freedom
• There was more separation between
political and religious life
• There was a strong emphasis on
human REASON in academics
– Aristotle and Greek rationality were
emphasized (Aquinas)
10. In Western Europe
...
• Women had
higher status
• Monogamy!
• Female religious
groups
• Had access to
economic activities
• property rights &
divorce rights
11. W. Europe adapted new technology
•
•
•
•
•
(borrowed from)
Iron horseshoes & horse collar (China)
Cross-bow & Gunpowder
(China/Islamic Civ)
Magnetic compass (China & IslamicCiv)
Lateen sail (Islamic)
Paper (China)
12. Also . . .
• Heavy wheeled plow
• Crop rotation (3 field system)
• Water mills and engineering power
13. CONTINUITIES – W European
characteristics that continued past the
1400s
• Crusading element of European
expansion
• Military conflicts between European
territories
• Emphasis on reason
• Split in Christianity
• Separation of religious and political
authority