Chapter 10 Powerpoint

Chapter Presentation Transparencies Sample Problems Visual Concepts Standardized Test Prep Resources Chapter 10 - Thermodynamics

Table of Contents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Thermodynamics Chapter 10

Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 1 Relationships Between Heat and Work Chapter 10

Heat, Work, and Internal Energy ,[object Object],Chapter 10 Section 1 Relationships Between Heat and Work

Heat, Work, and Internal Energy, continued ,[object Object],Chapter 10 Section 1 Relationships Between Heat and Work

Heat, Work, and Internal Energy, continued ,[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 10 Section 1 Relationships Between Heat and Work

Thermodynamic Processes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 10 Section 1 Relationships Between Heat and Work

Thermodynamic Processes Chapter 10 Section 1 Relationships Between Heat and Work

Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics Chapter 10

Energy Conservation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 10 Section 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics

Energy Conservation Chapter 10 Section 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics

Energy Conservation, continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 10 Section 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics

Signs of Q and W for a system Chapter 10 Section 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics

Sample Problem ,[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 10 Section 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics

Sample Problem, continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 10 Section 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics Tip: Work is done on the gas, so work (W) has a negative value. The internal energy increases during the process, so the change in internal energy (  U) has a positive value. Diagram: Unknown: Q = ?

Sample Problem, continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 10 Section 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics Rearrange the equation to isolate the unknown: Q =  U + W

Sample Problem, continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 10 Section 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics Tip: The sign for the value of Q is negative. This indicates that energy is transferred as heat from the refrigerant.

Sample Problem, continued ,[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 10 Section 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics

First Law of Thermodynamics for Special Processes Chapter 10 Section 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics

Cyclic Processes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 10 Section 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics

Cyclic Processes, continued ,[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 10 Section 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics ,[object Object]

Combustion Engines Chapter 10 Section 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics

The Steps of a Gasoline Engine Cycle Chapter 10 Section 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics

Refrigeration Chapter 10 Section 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics

The Steps of a Refrigeration Cycle Chapter 10 Section 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics

Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics Chapter 10

Efficiency of Heat Engines ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 10 Section 3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Efficiency of Heat Engines, continued ,[object Object],Chapter 10 Section 3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics ,[object Object]

Sample Problem ,[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 10 Section 3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 1. Define Given: Diagram: Q h = 204 J Q c = 153 J Unknown eff = ?

Sample Problem, continued ,[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 10 Section 3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Sample Problem, continued ,[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 10 Section 3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 4. Evaluate Only 25 percent of the energy added as heat is used by the engine to do work. As expected, the efficiency is less than 1.0.

Entropy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 10 Section 3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Entropy, continued ,[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 10 Section 3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Energy Changes Produced by a Refrigerator Freezing Water Chapter 10 Section 3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics Because of the refrigerator’s less-than-perfect efficiency, the entropy of the outside air molecules increases more than the entropy of the freezing water decreases.

Entropy of the Universe Chapter 10 Section 3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Multiple Choice ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Standardized Test Prep Chapter 10

Multiple Choice, continued ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Standardized Test Prep Chapter 10

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Multiple Choice, continued Standardized Test Prep Chapter 10

[object Object],[object Object],Multiple Choice, continued Standardized Test Prep Chapter 10 5. Which of the figures describes a situation in which  U < 0, Q < 0, and W = 0? A. (a) B. (b) C. (c) D. (d)

[object Object],[object Object],Multiple Choice, continued Standardized Test Prep Chapter 10 6. Which of the figures describes a situation in which  U > 0, Q = 0, and W < 0? F. (a) G. (b) H. (c) J. (d)

[object Object],[object Object],Multiple Choice, continued Standardized Test Prep Chapter 10 7. Which of the figures describes a situation in which  U < 0, Q = 0, and W > 0? A. (a) B. (b) C. (c) D. (d)

[object Object],[object Object],Multiple Choice, continued Standardized Test Prep Chapter 10 8. Which of the figures describes a situation in which  U > 0, Q > 0, and W = 0? F. (a) G. (b) H. (c) J. (d)

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Short Response Standardized Test Prep Chapter 10

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Short Response Standardized Test Prep Chapter 10

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Short Response, continued Standardized Test Prep Chapter 10

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Short Response, continued Standardized Test Prep Chapter 10

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Extended Response Standardized Test Prep Chapter 10

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Extended Response Standardized Test Prep Chapter 10

[object Object],[object Object],Extended Response, continued Standardized Test Prep Chapter 10 15. How much work is done by the steam shovel in lifting the dirt?

[object Object],[object Object],Extended Response, continued Standardized Test Prep Chapter 10 15. How much work is done by the steam shovel in lifting the dirt? Answer: 3.8  10 4 J

[object Object],[object Object],Extended Response, continued Standardized Test Prep Chapter 10 16. What is the efficiency of the steam shovel?

[object Object],[object Object],Extended Response, continued Standardized Test Prep Chapter 10 16. What is the efficiency of the steam shovel? Answer: 0.19

[object Object],[object Object],Extended Response, continued Standardized Test Prep Chapter 10 17. Assuming there is no change in the internal energy of the steam shovel’s engine, how much energy is given up by the shovel as waste heat?

[object Object],[object Object],Extended Response, continued Standardized Test Prep Chapter 10 17. Assuming there is no change in the internal energy of the steam shovel’s engine, how much energy is given up by the shovel as waste heat? Answer: 1.62  10 5 J

[object Object],[object Object],Extended Response, continued Standardized Test Prep Chapter 10 18. Suppose the internal energy of the steam shovel’s engine increases by 5.0  10 3 J. How much energy is given up now as waste heat?

[object Object],[object Object],Extended Response, continued Standardized Test Prep Chapter 10 18. Suppose the internal energy of the steam shovel’s engine increases by 5.0  10 3 J. How much energy is given up now as waste heat? Answer: 1.57  10 5 J

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Extended Response, continued Standardized Test Prep Chapter 10

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Extended Response, continued Standardized Test Prep Chapter 10 Answer: Disorganized energy is removed from water to form ice, but a greater amount of organized energy must become disorganized to operate the freezer.

Entropy Chapter 10 Section 3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Energy Changes Produced by a Refrigerator Freezing Water Chapter 10 Section 3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Chapter 10 Powerpoint

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Chapter 10 Powerpoint