1. DPS Noida MUN Club
Estd. 2004
Recognised 2008
EWU-MUN LEAGUE
Delegate Training
2013
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit
mukit.3star@gmail.com

2. OBJECTIVES
Objectives

Introducing an MUN Conference
terminologies
rules and procedures
documents involved and their formats
resolution writing
handling emergencies
lobbying
tactics
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

3. Introduction
INTRODUCTION
 United
Nations
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

4. INTRODUCTION
Introduction
 Model
United Nations
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

5. INTRODUCTION
Introduction





Principal Goal of Participating in MUN: to get
a better understanding of the different problems
in the world today and develop and debate on
solutions to these problems.
Participants take up the roles as diplomats and
participate in a simulation of a body of the UN
system.
Participants get to know different countries‟
situations in an issue.
They discuss with an ultimate goal of
international cooperation.
The product of the discussion is the resolution.
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

6. Terminology
TERMINOLOGY
Delegates


Representatives of member states
Delegates converse in Formal Speech
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit

7. Terminology
TERMINOLOGY
Placard

A card which shows the name of the
country
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit

8. Terminology
TERMINOLOGY
Dais Table
Chairperson
Vice-chairperson
Rapporteur
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

9. Terminology
TERMINOLOGY
Facilitators/Conference Staff
passing
notes
facilitate
communication
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

10. Terminology
TERMINOLOGY
Points




Point of
Point of
Inquiry
Point of
Point of
Personal Privilege
Parliamentary Procedure or Point of
Order
Information
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit

11. TERMINOLOGY

Point of Order :
Points of order are used when delegates believe the chair has made an
error in the running of the committee. Delegates rising to points of
order may not speak on the substance of the matter under discussion.
They should only specify the errors they believe were made in the
formal committee procedure.

Point of Parliamentary Procedure or Point of Inquiry:
When the floor is open (i.e., no other delegate is speaking), a delegate
may rise to a point of inquiry in order to ask the chairperson a question
regarding the rules of procedure.

Point of Personal Privilege:
Points of personal privilege are used to inform the chairperson of a
physical discomfort a delegate is experiencing, such as the inability to
hear another delegate‟s speech.

Point of Information:
After a delegate has given a speech in formal debate, he or she may yield
time to points of information, or questions from other delegates
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit
concerning the speech.

12. TERMINOLOGY
Motions:
Can
only be entertained when the floor is open.
Motion To:
• Suspend the Meeting – for the purpose of caucus
• Adjourn Meeting – ending session until next session
(lunch etc.)
• Table Debate – suspend debate (can be resumed
later)
• Close Debate – end debate to move for voting (cannot
be resumed later)
• Appeal the Chair’s Decision
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

13. Document
DOCUMENTS
4 documents usually found in MUN

Position paper

Working paper

Draft resolution

Resolution
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

14. Document
DOCUMENTS

Position paper:
a document describing the current situation of a country regarding
the issue and the country‟s stance.
Standard Marking Scheme: (Out of 10)
1. Format: 2 (1. Font Arial, Size 12, Single side A4, Formal
Language)
2. Intro: 1 (-> Definition -> History)
3. Content: 2 (Present situation, past action (both UN and
country), quotes, treaties, laws, facts and figures)
4. Appeal: 2 (Overall Impact)
5. Solutions: 3 (Innovative solutions which are practical as well
will be marked higher)
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
* Bonus mark for UN definitions. Mukit

15. DOCUMENTS
Working paper:
A document supported by 1/10 of delegations as
signatories. The document addresses several
issues that need to be dealt with in the topic
and highlight ideas and possible solutions.
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

16. Document
DOCUMENTS

Draft Resolution:
a document that addresses the solutions to the problem
and measures to be taken by a Model UN committee. If it
is passed by the committee, the draft resolution will
become the resolution.
Only 1 resolution can be passed for each topic.
Must be passed with simple majority to become the
resolution.
Every point must start with an operative clause.
Each section is subject to amendments (simple majority)
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

17. DOCUMENTS
Tips for Resolution Writing:
•Be sure to follow the format for resolutions provided by the conference organizers. Each
conference may have a slightly different format.
•Create a detailed resolution. For example, if your resolution calls for a new program, think
about how it will be funded and what body will manage it.
•Try to cite facts whenever possible.
•Be realistic. Do not create objectives for your resolution that cannot be met. Make sure your
body can take the action suggested. For example, the General Assembly can‟t sanction another
country – only the Security Council can do so.
•Try to find multiple sponsors. Your committee will be more likely to approve the resolutions if
many delegates contribute ideas.
•Preambulatory clauses are historic justifications for action. Use them to cite past resolutions,
precedents and statements about the purpose of action.
•Operative clauses are policies that the resolution is designed to create. Use them to explain
what the committee will do to address the issue.
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

18. TERMINOLOGY
•Preambulatory Clauses
The preamble of a draft resolution states the reasons for which the committee is
addressing the topic and highlights past international action on the issue. Each clause
begins with a present participle (called a preambulatory phrase) and ends with a
comma. Preambulatory clauses can include: References to the UN Charter;
Citations of past UN resolutions or treaties on the topic under discussion;
Mentions of statements made by the Secretary-General or a relevant UN body or
agency;
Recognition of the efforts of regional or nongovernmental organizations in dealing with
the issue; and
General statements on the topic, its significance and its impact.
•Operative Clauses
Operative clauses identify the actions or recommendations made in a resolution. Each
operative clause begins with a verb (called an operative phrase) and ends with a
semicolon. Operative clauses should be organized in a logical progression, with each
containing a single idea or proposal, and are always numbered. If a clause requires
further explanation, bulleted lists set off by letters or roman numerals can also be
used. After the last operative clause, the resolution ends in a period.
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

19. Heading
Address the
General Assembly
Preambulary
Clauses
Operative
Clauses
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

20. Flow of Debate
Agenda setting
Discussion
Draft Resolution & Debate
Voting
END
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit

21. Flow of Debate
-> Roll Call
-> Present
-> Present and Voting
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

22. Agenda
Setting
Discussion
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Voting
1st step  Agenda Setting
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

23. Agenda
Setting
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Discussion
Voting
Agenda setting:

Delegates are given 2 topics for each committee and
due to limitation of time, delegates vote on the topic
they prefer to talk about first.
*Reminder: you are supposed to prepare for both!

The floor is first open, allowing “motions” to set the
agenda.
*Reminder: don’t speak before the Chair addresses
you by your country name!
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

24. Agenda
Setting
Discussion
Provisional
Speakers‟
List
Motion to put
topic area A
FIRST in
agenda
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Closure of
Debate
•At least 2 pairs
must speak
•F  A  F A…
•Motion of
closure of
debate can be
raised
•2 speakers
opposing the
motion (closure
of debate),
•2/3 majority to
pass
Voting
VOTING
•> ½ to PASS
•If does not
PASS  the
other topic
automatically
becomes the
first
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

25. Agenda
Setting
Discussion
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Voting

A delegate raises a motion “to put topic area A/B first
on the agenda”

A „Provisional‟ speakers‟ list will then be drawn.

Delegates may raise your placard to add your countries‟
name on the list, either speaking for or against the
motion.
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

26. Agenda
Setting
Delegates
Discussion
speak in the order:
China USA Iraq Brazil
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Voting
Provisional
Speakers’ List
no
1
yielding
For
Against
China
USA
Iraq
…
Brazil
min per speech
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

27. Agenda
Setting
Discussion
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Voting
Finally,
delegates will vote on the motion (to put topic
area A..). It only requires a simple majority to pass.
If
the motion fails, another topic will automatically be
put first on the agenda.
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

28. Agenda
Setting
e.g.
Discussion
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Voting
Motion to put topic area A – orphan
Crisis on the 1st of the agenda
Yes
No
1
4
Then topic area B will automatically become
the 1st topic on the agenda without further
discussion.
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

29. Agenda
Setting
Discussion
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Voting
2nd step  Discussion
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

30. Agenda
Setting
Discussion
Draft
resolution
& Debate
General Speakers’ List
 Delegates can speak according
to the order on the general
speakers’ list.
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit
Voting
General Speakers’
List
USA
China
Brazil
Iraq
DPRK
…
…

31. Agenda
Setting
Discussion
Draft
resolution
& Debate
General Speakers’ List
The general speakers’ list is
drawn after the agenda is set.
Delegates can add their
countries’ name on the list by:
1. Raising placard on the chair’s
request
2. Sending a note to dais
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit
Voting
General Speakers’
List
USA
China
Brazil
Iraq
DPRK
…
…

32. Agenda
Setting
Discussion
Draft
resolution
& Debate
General Speakers’ List
1 min. per speech
which can be changed
during the course of
discussion
Yielding
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit
Voting
General Speakers’
List
USA
China
Brazil
Iraq
DPRK
…
…

33. Terminology
TERMINOLOGY
Yielding
Each speaker has a limited speaking time. Yielding
occurs when the speakers do not utilize all their
speaking time.
Yield
to the executive board
Yield
to Points of Information
Yield
to comment
P.S.Executive
Board can ask you questions
anytime they want.
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

34. Agenda
Setting
Discussion
Draft
resolution
& Debate
General Speakers’ List
The floor is open between 2
speakers.
Voting
General Speakers’
List
USA
Delegates can raise any
points or motions.
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit
China
Brazil
Iraq
DPRK
…
…

35. Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit
Agenda
Setting
Discussion
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Voting
Moderated Caucus
The purpose of a moderated
caucus is to facilitate the
debate on a particular area.
Delegates can motion to
have a moderated caucus
when the floor is open
between each speaker.
Purpose
Duration
Speaking time per speech
General Speakers’
List
USA
China
Brazil
Iraq
DPRK
…
…

36. Agenda
Setting
Discussion
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Moderated Caucus
When the chair receives a
motion to have a moderated
caucus, the committee will vote
on this motion.
Voting
General Speakers’
List
USA
It requires a simple
majority to pass.
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit
China
Brazil
Iraq
DPRK
…
…

37. Agenda
Setting
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Discussion
Moderated Caucus
After the motion passes, the
general speakers’ list will be
temporarily suspended.
General Speakers’
List
USA
The chair will recognize
delegates who raise their
placard to speak. Generally
the speaker who proposes the
Caucus is given the first
chance to speak.
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit
Voting
China
Brazil
Iraq
DPRK
…
…

38. Agenda
Setting
Discussion
Moderated Caucus
The moderated caucus will
end when its duration
proposed by the delegate
exhausts.
The general speakers’ list
will resume.
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Voting
General Speakers’
List
USA
China
Brazil
Iraq
DPRK
…
…

39. Agenda
Setting
Discussion
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Unmoderated Caucus
Delegates may also raise a
motion to have an
unmoderated caucus when the
floor is open.
Delegates may discuss a
specific area in an
unmoderated caucus.
Voting
General Speakers’
List
USA
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit
China
Brazil
Iraq
DPRK
…
…

40. Agenda
Setting
Discussion
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Unmoderated Caucus
A motion to have an
unmoderated caucus requires
a simple majority to pass
Delegates may walk around
the chamber freely during
an unmoderated caucus
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit
Voting
General Speakers’
List
USA
China
Brazil
Iraq
DPRK
…
…

41. Agenda
Setting
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Discussion
Unmoderated Caucus
It is in an Unmoderated
Caucus that delegates should
formulate working
papers/draft resolutions and
also work towards forming
„blocs‟.
General Speakers’
List
USA
The general speakers’ list
will resume when the time of
an unmoderated caucus
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
exhausts.
Mukit
Voting
China
Brazil
Iraq
DPRK
…
…

42. Agenda
Setting
Discussion
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Voting
Use of notes
Delegates may send notes to anybody in the chamber
at any time
Facilitators will help you transfer the note paper.
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit

43. Agenda
Setting
Discussion
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Voting
Tips for effective caucusing:
•Enter the caucus with a plan in mind: Formulate ideas on what your country would like to see
included in a resolution. Decide which clauses you are willing to negotiate on and which you are not.
•Find delegates in your regional bloc: This is the easiest way to seek out allies. However, if you
find that the group you are working with is not meeting your needs, do not be afraid to switch groups.
•Provide ideas: Tell others what your country is hoping to achieve. If you do not agree with an idea, do
not hesitate to say that it is against your country‟s policy.
•Negotiate: While it is often necessary to give up something that you want, make sure that you are not
giving up anything too important.
•Listen: By listening to what others are saying you will able to build on other people‟s ideas and add more
to the discussion. Listening also shows respect for each delegate in your group.
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit

44. Agenda
Setting
Discussion
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Voting
Tips for effective caucusing:
•Do not interrupt: Allow other delegates to finish their thoughts rather than interrupting
others in the middle of a sentence. It sometimes helps to write down your idea so that you
can bring it up when the delegate is finished speaking.
•Record ideas: Start to formulate a resolution in writing. Rather than waiting until the
last minute, begin recording fellow delegates‟ ideas right away.
•Be resourceful: By providing fellow delegates with resolution text, maps or information
as they need it, you will show that you are valuable to the group.
•Have one-on-one conversations: Speaking with an individual or in a small group is
the best way to find out a delegate‟s position on an issue. Larger groups are better suited to
brainstorming.
•Stay calm: In caucuses, delegates can sometimes “lose their cool.” Staying calm will not
only help your group be more effective, but will be noticed by the conference staff. Always
keep your voice at a normal level. If you see that you are Haque
Trainer: Mushfiqul becoming upset or raising your
voice, excuse yourself from the group for a few minutes.
Mukit

45. Agenda
Setting
Discussion
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Tips for effective caucusing:
•Use time effectively: Make sure you have enough time to hear everyone‟s ideas
so that you can discuss them during formal debate. Try not to waste time arguing
over small details that do not seriously affect the draft resolution.
•Show respect: Never give orders or tell other delegates what they should or
should not do. Be polite and treat all your fellow delegates with respect.
•Provide constructive critique: Rather than negatively criticizing another
delegate, focus on providing constructive critique. If you dislike an idea, try to offer
an alternative. Critique ideas, not people.
•Establish connections with other delegates: Although it can be tempting
to call a fellow delegate “Pakistan,” “Brazil” or “Sweden”, you can form a better
connection with a delegate by learning his or her name and where he or she comes
from. Ask the delegate about his or her ideas and impressions of the debate. Showing
interest in your fellow delegates at the beginning of the conference will help you gain
more support later on and can help you to form lasting friendships.
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit
Voting

46. Agenda
Setting
Discussion
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Voting
3rd step  Draft resolution &
debate
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit

47. Agenda
Setting
Discussion
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Voting
When the discussion goes on and many solutions and
much opinion has already thrown out, some delegates
may start writing their draft resolutions.
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

48. Agenda
Setting




Discussion
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Voting
Signatories: 1/3 of the committee
Approved by Chairperson, then distributed
to other delegations
Given an order number (e.g. DR 1.1, 1.2,
etc.)
Amendment by any country  introduce
 vote
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit

49. TERMINOLOGY
•Sponsors of a draft resolution are the principal
authors of the document and agree with its
substance. Although it is possible to have only one
sponsor, this rarely occurs at the UN, since countries
must work together to create widely agreeable
language in order for the draft resolution to pass.
Sponsors control a draft resolution and only the
sponsors can approve immediate changes.
•Signatories are countries that may or may not
agree with the substance of the draft resolution but
still wish to see it debated so that they can propose
amendments.
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

50. TERMINOLOGY
•A friendly amendment is a change to the draft resolution that all
sponsors agree with. After the amendment is signed by all of the draft
resolution‟s sponsors and approved by the committee director or
president, it will be automatically incorporated into the resolution.
•An unfriendly amendment is a change that some or all of the draft
resolution‟s sponsors do not support and must be voted upon by the
committee. The author(s) of the amendment will need to obtain a
required number of signatories in order to introduce it (usually 20
percent of the committee). Prior to voting on the draft resolution, the
committee votes on all unfriendly amendments.
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit

51. Agenda
Setting
Discussion
Draft
resolution
& Debate
4th step  Voting
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit
Voting

52. Agenda
Setting
Discussion
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Types of vote
Substantive vote
Procedural vote
Roll call vote
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit
Voting

53. Agenda
Setting
Discussion
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Voting
Substantive vote :
passing draft resolution  simple majority
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit

54. Agenda
Setting
Discussion
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Voting
Procedural vote:
Closure of debate  2/3 majority
All other votes (e.g. pass a motion of
agenda setting, motion to introduce
working paper…)  simple majority
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

55. Agenda
Setting
Discussion
Draft
resolution
& Debate
Roll Call voting:






passing Draft Resolution
yes
No
yes/no with rights
Pass
abstain
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit
Voting

56. Q & A session
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit

57. Research Guidelines
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit

58. Committee & Topics
Starting with official website
Body’s History
Purpose
Function & Position UN system
Important Decisions

Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit

59. Committee & Topics
Topics Research
Past Resolution
NGO’s Actions & Reports
Blocs Studies
Current Affairs

Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit

60. Two Kinds of Information

Objective –


General Idea and Facts
CIA world factbook
Subjective –

Detailed Study
Wikipedia
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit

61. Research Directions

Research Your Country’s
Past Actions
 Views on the topic
 Proposals it supports and DOES NOT
support

Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit

62. ALSO Research
Potential Allies
 Potential Enemies (People you
disagree with)

Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit

63. DO NOT

DO NOT GET TOO SPECIFIC


There is no need to know incredibly
specific numbers or facts
DO NOT CONFUSE OBJECTIVE
VERSUS RESEARCH

Who are you quoting what’s their view
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit

64. EMERGENCY
 Importance
 How to cope with it?
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit

65. LOBBYING
 Importance
 Lobbying yourself to GLORY :D
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit

66. TACTICS
General Speakers‟ List (GSL) tips:
1. Put in effect all your public speaking knowledge. (Mirror practice, bla
bla)
2. First speech:
a. History of topic
b. How is your country linked to the topic
c. Steps your country/UN/regional bloc has taken
d. Steps your country supports/opposes
e. Possible measures and suggestions
f. Is your country ready to negotiate if its directly linked
g. Role of NGO‟s etc.
3. If you haven‟t got an early chance on the GSL change your speech.
a. Speak in context to current discussion
b. Encourage collaboration/Ask for support for the ideas that have
been brought up and those you support
c. Reference what other delegates have said.
d. Support/Oppose other delegates
e. Present ideas for draft resolutions
f. Explain why your country does not agree with a specific point
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque Mukit

67. The following Section is UNRATED
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit

68. TACTICS :P
Things you shouldn’t do at a MUN conference:
1. DO NOT let down your formal guard EVER no matter how comfortable you feel.
2. DO NOT use personal pronouns.
3. DO NOT challenge your chair unless you can back it up or show attitude towards
the executive board.
4. DO NOT stand on chairs or tables irrespective of how vertically challenged you are.
There are always more subtle ways to gain attention.
5. DO NOT get too involved with the IP or other delegates for unprofessional reasons.
6. DO NOT make any unnecessary comments about fellow delegates, executive board
or the conference.
7. DO NOT hurl abuses or get into physical fights with anyone.
8. DO NOT ever try to fake a fact when your chair's onto you.
9. DO NOT irritate your chair. Be amusing but not irritating.
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit

69. TACTICS :P
EWU-MUN– Backhand Way. *Evil Grin*
1. Procedural Involvement gets you brownie points.
2. Make sure you have something to say every minute even if you just want to
add that you think the previous delegate made an important/useless point.
(Preferably for small committees and DO NOT over do it)
3. Make sure you know when the lunch and tea breaks are and make those
motions at the right time. (Nothing infuriates an Exec Board more than
someone raising a caucus at lunch)
4. Backup every allegation with undeniable proof (UN, State Docs and Reuters).
5. Leave your ethics and morals at the table during Unmods. However, do not be
rowdy or abusive. If you have to backstab to win, don‟t think twice but
remember the most effective weapon is subtlety.
6. Try and test the preferences of your Executive board. See what they like Facts,
Allegations, Morality etc. But do not overdo them.
7. Try and get into the groove of your country. E.g. if you are the USA, then
humility won‟t do you much good.
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit

70. TACTICS :P
EWU-MUN– Backhand Way. *Evil Grin*
8. Get stuff that most people wouldn‟t get or even think about. Random facts,
funny facts, astounding numbers etc. (Associated Researching)
9. Think before hand about Mod Caucuses and initiate as many as you can.
10.Speak, speak and speak specially in Mods.
11.When you are exercising control over a group, always make sure you appear
to be doing it through mutual consent.
12.Summarize everything if you are the near the last speaker on the Mod
caucus. Also summarize your speech at the end of your turn on the GSL.
13.ALWAYS yield to Points of Information.
14.Emergency/Crisis – The Jackpot.
15.Make full use of notes/chits. (for all purposes :P)
16.Be manipulative. Learn to cook up believable facts.
17.Don‟t be afraid to take on the IP/WP :D But don‟t get on the wrong side of
the Exec board.
18.Make full use of free food :P
19.You can also make use of the „networking‟ possibilities. (Optional)
Most of all go there to enjoy yourself. If you think tooooooooooooo
much about winning, chances are you‟ll miss the fun and the prize.

71. END
Trainer: Mushfiqul Haque
Mukit