The document discusses different types of communication including verbal, non-verbal, oral, and written communication. It provides details on the advantages and disadvantages of each type. Verbal communication is the fastest but lacks permanence, while written communication has more permanence but is slower. Non-verbal communication conveys most meaning through body language, tone of voice, and other non-word cues. Formal and informal networks also exist within organizations to facilitate communication flowing in all directions.

2.  Verbal Communication
 Non verbal Communication

3.  Oral Communication
 Written Communication

4.  This is a communication by uttering words, i.e.
speaking. Speaking is the fastest, most direct
type of communication.
 Our voices reveals gender, age, background,
emotional state, relationship with the person
spoken to. It comes in many forms
› Formal staff meetings
› Planned conferences
› Mass meetings

5.  Speed
 Speaker is able to get personal attention of
listener
 Allows instantaneous feedback
 Personal quality
 Confidentiality
 Supplemented by non-verbal clues

6.  No Evidence
 Not Suitable in certain cases (lengthy/complex)
 Expensive and time consuming when the persons
involved are at distant places
 Not appropriate when matter is controversial
 Serious deliberation is not possible
 More prone to physical Noise

7.  Even having face to face communication, we still
need to have written messages, as we want
record of what we said, to whom and on what
date or the matter may be so complex or sensitive
that it should be planned carefully.

8.  Unlike speech, written communication is permanent
 Written communication can be easier to understand
than speech
 It can be composed in advance
 Written messages are less prone to errors
 Written communication works best as evidence
 It can address more number of persons at a time
 It leaves more lasting impact in the mind of reader
 Probability of physical noise is comparatively low in
written communication

9.  Time Consuming
 Certain messages cant be put in writing
 Different persons may interpret message
differently
 Reader is unable to see non verbal clues
 Lack of confidentiality
 Capability to cause greater damage

10.  By Non-verbal communication we mean all
communication that involves neither written nor
spoken words but occurs without the use of
words
 7% is derived from words, symbols
 38% from voice tone
 55% bodily movement
 In all 93% is transferred through non verbal
symbols

11.  Non verbal behavior always has a
communicative value
 It is powerful
 It primarily expresses attitudes
 Much non verbal behavior is culture bound
 Non verbal behavior is ambiguous

12.  Body Language (kinesics)
 Facial expressions
 Eye contact
 Posture
 Gestures
 Body shape
 Smell and touch
 silence

13.  Sign Language (using signs like arrows)
› Visual symbols
 Pictures
 Cartoons
 Paintings
 Maps etc.
› Audio symbols
 Morning alarm
 Bells in school or college
 Siren round
 Horn sound
 Azaan

14.  Paralanguage/paralinguistic:
Para means like so this is actually “like language”
 Everything other than words including intonations,
pitch, regional accent, hesitation, truthfulness and
emotion etc.
 Pitch variation
 Volume (loudness)
 Pause and speed
 Stress on words
 Non-fluencies

15.  Formal communication network
 Non-Formal communication network

16.  Systems designed by management to dictate who
should talk to whom to get a job done. All
downward, upward and horizontal
communication flow through this network

17.  Satisfy the information needs of the org.
 Integrates the organization
 Coordination and control
 Sorts the information to high-level executives
 Restricts unwanted flow of information
 Reliability and accuracy of information

18.  Time consuming and expensive
 It increases the workload
 Information may get distorted
 Creates gaps between top executives and lower
subordinates

19.  It is not a deliberately formed network. It arises
to meet needs that aren’t satisfied by formal
communication
› Grapevine (Channels mostly associated with gossip
and rumor)
› Social gathering (org. gathering give a chance to
people of various ranks to meet and talk)
› MBWA (manager informally walks through the work
area and casually talk to employee)
› Secretaries/administrative assistants (S&AA of top
bosses pass and receive much information informally)

20.  Most widespread and commonly used informal
communication network. It exist outside the
formal communication having gossip, rumor and
truthful information.

21.  Emerges from social and personal interaction of employees
rather than formal requirements of the organization
 Prevalent among managers
 Occurs mainly at work site
 More people oriented rather than issue oriented
 Brings info that would be inappropriate in formal channels
 Flows in all direction
 Mostly is oral
 Is fast
 Generally occurs in cluster pattern, although it can take other
forms too
 Can be from spatially and hierarchically
 Directly proportional to size of the organization

22.  Single Strand (each tells others)
 Gossip (One tells all)
 Probability (each randomly tells others)
 Cluster (some tell selected others, most typical.)

23. Y
D
C
B
A

24. D
C E F G
B
A

25. C E H I
K G
D
F
A

26. J
B I
C D F
K
A

27.  Satisfy social needs of members
 Better human relationships
 Speed
 Works as a linking chain
 Serves to fill the possible gaps in formal
communication

28.  Not authentic
 Responsibility cannot be fixed
 Not dependable
 May lead to leakage of confidential information
 Incomplete information

29.  Formal communication
› Based on organizational
relationships
› Channels are preplanned
› Rigid channels, no
deviation
› Slower communication
following path laid down
› Status and position of
parties is very important
› More preferred
 Informal communication
› Based on personal
relationships
› Spontaneous channels
› No rigidity
› Faster communication
› No relevance of status
› Less desirable

30.  Downward communication (flow from top to bottom)
› Job procedures/ instructions
› Job Rationale
› Policies an practice
› Feedback/ motivation
 Upward Communication (flow from subordinates to
superiors)
› we will have the job done by tomorrow
› I have figured out a way to perform this task in short
time period

31.  Horizontal communication (same hierarchical level)
› Lets go together this after noon to set up production
schedule
› I like the way you solved the conflict
› I heard you complaining about my work
 Diagonal or crosswise communication
› Supervisor in credit deptt. Communicates directly to
marketing manager

32. Communication is required at every level from every direction
depending upon the situational need. Formal channels
facilitate the flow of information in every direction, although
communication in every direction entails its own merits and
problems, we cannot do without any of them