From Events to Stories: Different ways of structuring the same bag of events over time
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Talk given at Soeterbeeck eHumanities Workshop 14 June 2013: http://www.ru.nl/ehumanities/workshop-2013/home/ Describing event and storyline modelling for Semantics of History, BiographyNet and NewsReader
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From Events to Stories: Different ways of structuring the same bag of events over time
- 1. FROM EVENTSTO STORIES Different ways of structuring the same bag of events over time Marieke van Erp VU University Amsterdam
- 2. • Events are things that happen at a certain place and time • Events are a core building block of many information sources • Events are at the heart of many eHumanities research domains Image http://historymartinez.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/moon-flag.jpg
- 3. • Events are multidimensional objects • Exact event boundaries and elements are difficult to define • Sources reporting on events may not have complete information or may promote their own view Image: http://www.cardinalpath.com/cpwp/wp-content/uploads/img_0001.jpg
- 4. • Semantics of History explores the temporal dimension of events • BiographyNet explores relations between and people and events as well as changes in perspective on these events • NewsReader builds upon Semantics of History and BiographyNet and scales it up Image: http://images.yourdictionary.com/images/science/AStesser.jpg
- 5. • One elderly British gentleman was walking around in a state of shock. His wife had been swimming when the waves struck. (BBC News, Sri Lanka, 26 December 2004) • More than 300 people have died and 3,500 were injured after the massive sea surges caused by an earthquake smashed intoThailand's western coast. (BBC News, 27 December 2004) • The UK government is to give at least £15m to help the victims of the Asian earthquake which is thought to have killed nearly 60,000 people. (BBC News, 28 December 2004) • A huge quake off western Indonesia on 26 December 2004 caused a massive tsunami that killed around 230,000 people around the region. (BBC News, 4 January 2009)
- 6. Generalisation Level Location News Articles Participants Time Event Historical Texts Low level events Small areas Individuals Short periods of time High level events Bigger areas Group agents Longer periods of time Temporal perspective
- 7. BiographyNet
- 8. BiographyNet
- 9. BiographyNet
- 10. BiographyNet
- 11. Total daily stream of documents Archives of decades of news reports Daily document intake of an individual decision maker 50–3,000 ±2,000,000 sources ±25,000,000,000 documents: news, company reports, manager biographies unknown volume: events, sources and background data consulted NewsReader: Zooming, Linking and Scaling up Volumes beyond result list paradigm Duplications, repetitions: new/old Inconsistent and contradictory Coloured and opinionated Incomplete, piece-meal Unauthorised
- 12. • the 7.7 magnitude quake (source: Xinhuanet) • two quakes, measuring 7.6 and 7.4 (source: Bloomberg) • One 7.3-magnitude tremor (source: Jakartapost) Image: http://imgace.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/the-blue-button-is-true.jpg
- 13. • To link current to previous information, different ways of describing and registering events need to be interconnected • To allow reasoning, domain knowledge needs to be captured • To provide different perspectives on the same news story, the source a piece of information came from needs to be kept track of Image: http://www.widescreen-wallpaper.eu/wallpapers/layers_of_color-1920x1080.jpg
- 14. Grounded Annotation Framework (GAF) • Keep event mentions separate from event instances • Linguistic information captured in separate layer from semantic information • Semantic layer can also import non-linguistic information, e.g. coming from sensors • Provenance is captured through PROV-O
- 15. changes in the world publication of sources 2004 2009 ANNOTATION NAF SEM-EVENT TEMBLOR ANNOTATION TAF SEM-EVENT TSUNAMI 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 SEM-EVENT TEMBLOR SEM-EVENT TSUNAMI ANNOTATION SEM-EVENT TEMBLOR SEM-EVENT TSUNAMI 2013 ANNOTATION ANNOTATION ANNOTATION ANNOTATION sensor data direct event report delayed event report future event report Tsunami alert system future tsunami "The catastrophe four years ago devastated Indian Ocean community and killed more than 230,000 people, over 170,000 of them in Aceh at northern tip of Sumatra Island of Indonesia." ..., the vessel is the party responsible for the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami that killed 230,000 people. Apparently, the submarine was able to trigger seismic activity via some kind of directed energy weapon. SEM-EVENT USS Jimmy Carter energy weapon 2005 2006 2007 20082005
- 16. colorado:Set_Subset naacl:INSTANCE_186 naacl:INSTANCE_200 naacl:INSTANCE_201 naacl:INSTANCE_179 naacl:INSTANCE_197 naacl:INSTANCE_188 sem:subEventOf sem:subEventOf sem+:causes sem:has Actor wn30:synset-tsunami- noun-1 sem:EventType sem:EventTypesem:Event rdf:type rdf:type dbpedia:2004_Indian_Ocean_ earthquake_and_ tsunami rdf:type wn30:synset- earthquake-noun-1 sem:EventType rdf:type wn30:synset-shift- verb-4 sem:EventType sem:hasLocation dbpedia:Tectonic_Plate rdfs:isDefinedBy dbpedia:Sundra_ Trunch sem:Place rdf:type skos:exactMatch skos:exact Match wn30:synset-stable- adjective-1 owl:objectProperty dbpedia:USS_Jimmy_Carter _(SSN_23) skos:exact Match naacl:INSTANCE_MENTION_118 gaf:denotedBy naacl:INSTANCE_MENTION_120 gaf:denotedBy naacl:INSTANCE_181 gaf:causes sem:subEventOf taf:causal_c 187@e@workshop37_1 190@e@workshop37_1 skos:exactMatch colorado:cause_effect 184@e@workshop37_1 gaf:denotedBynaacl:INSTANCE_202 sem+:causes skos:exactMatch naacl:INSTANCE_MENTION_112 naacl:INSTANCE_MENTION_40 gaf:denotedBy taf:hasParticipant _nsubj "plates"@en "shift"@en "earthquakes"@en "temblor"@en "tsunami"@en str:anchorOfstr:anchorOfstr:anchorOfstr:anchorOf rdf:type rdf:type gaf:G2 sem:AccordingTo dbpedia:Veterans_Today gaf:G3 dbpedia:Bloomberg sem:AccordingTo 182@e@workshop37_1 colorado:cause_effect gaf:denotedBy skos:exactMatch str:anchorOf gaf:G4 gaf:G5 prov:wasGeneratedBy taf:annotation_ 2013_03_24 prov:wasGeneratedBy colorado:annotation_ 2013_03_12 skos:exactMatch rdf:type sem:EventType
- 20. • Events can be processed and presented in a myriad of ways → interdisciplinary problem • To preserve context, perspective and provenance need to be presented → recognised in both humanities and computer science • A representation framework needs to separate mentions from instances → GAF is a first step Image: http://www.inhabitat.com/wp-content/uploads/fp_inhabitat2.jpg
- 22. NewsReader is funded by the European Union’s 7th Framework Programme (ICT-316404) BiographyNet is funded by the Netherlands eScience Center. Partners in BiographyNet are Huygens/ING Institute of the Dutch Academy of Sciences andVU University Amsterdam. Semantics of History is funded by the Network Institute.