Do Indonesians make mobile calls and do Russians go on holiday? Cultural determination in tests. By academic staff of the University of Amsterdam and the Catholic University of Leuven

1. DO INDONESIANS MAKE MOBILE CALLS AND DO RUSSIANS GO ON HOLIDAY? NHTV Breda – january 2008 Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Universiteit van Amsterdam E.Teijsse-Jongkind @uva.nl [email_address] The effect of culture on testing The Certificate Dutch as a Foreign Language

9. 2. IMAGES

11. 3. SUBJECTS

13. 4. KNOWLEDGE OF THE WORLD example 2 vs.

14. 5. RELATION EXAMINER-STUDENT

15. 6. CLASSROOM PRACTICE/ TEST SITUATION

18. DIF ANALYSIS DIF Differential Item Functioning = the statistical view of cultural bias

19. CNaVT item bias research Example 1 Country: Indonesia Item: Question in form ‘ What kind of object have you lost?’

20. CNaVT item bias research Example 2 Country: Russia Item: Question from friend in letter (…) ‘But I often think back with nostalgia about my holiday in your country. (…) And you? What did you do during your holidays? Did you travel? Where to? Or did you stay at home and what did you do?’ (…)

26. DO INDONESIAN MAKE MOBILE CALLS AND DO RUSSIAN GO ON HOLIDAY? NHTV Breda – januar 2008 Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Universiteit van Amsterdam E.Teijsse-Jongkind @uva.nl [email_address] Language testing and culture The certificate of Dutch as a foreign language