The attached presentation would give you a general idea about the concept of Vapor Absorption Heat Pump,which would provide chilled water with heat energy as the driving source and requiring the least amount of power consumption.

1. VAPOUR ABSORPTION MACHINES
Presented by - Cooling Division – C&H SBU - Thermax

2. Welcome to the home of Energy & Environment
We have tried to answer the following questions, so that, it would
help you understand the product in a much easier way
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Who are you and what do you do?
What is Cooling and what are the conventional methods of cooling?
How does an Electrical Chiller work?
When should one go for an Absorption Chiller and how did a VAM evolve in
Thermax?
Why should one go for an Absorption Chiller?
What are the governing principles of a VAM?
How does an Absorption Machine work?
Can you explain the whole scheme?
What do we offer and where we can/have offered?
I have more queries, how can I get them cleared?
How can we reach you?

3. Who are you and what do you do?
 Vision – To be a globally respected high performance
organization offering sustainable solution
in energy and environment
Boilers &
Heaters
Absorption
Cooling
Solar
Heating,
Cooling
&
Power
Solutions
Chemicals
Water &
Waste
Solutions
Cogeneration
Air Pollution
Control

4. What is Cooling and what are the conventional methods
of cooling?
 Cooling – Removal/Transfer of heat from source to sink by
performing an external work; even a body @ -272*C has one
more degree of heat energy to be removed to achieve absolute
zero (i.e.), 0*K (or) -273*C
 1 TR = 3024KCal = 3.52KW = amount of energy absorbed by
1ton of ice, when it melts to water, at 0*C
CONVENTIONAL METHODS OF COOLING:
 Natural Refrigeration

E.g., Clay water pot, Sweating
 Mechanical Refrigeration
 Gas Refrigerators
 Vapour Refrigerators


Vapour Compression
Vapour Absorption

5. How does an Electrical Chiller work?
 Parts & Process involved:
 Evaporator
- Refrigerant Vapourization
 Compressor
- Refrigerant (Vapour Phase)
Compression
 Condenser
- Refrigerant ---> Vapour to
Liquid
 Expansion Valve
- Pressure Reducer / Throttling
Valve – To help refrigerant
achieve the required
Temperature

6. Working Cycle
Vapour Compression Machine
Reefer Cycle.swf

7. When should one go for an Absorption Chiller
and how did a VAM evolve in Thermax?
 We would go for an Absorption Chiller:




When excess heat source is available, for e.g., availability of excess
steam in a boiler
When Heat is ineffectively dissipated into the atmosphere, for
e.g., exhaust from a D.G, steam from a turbine outlet
When the operational expenditure of VAM is very much lesser than
the VCM, for e.g., when the industry is facing issues with power
supply from the grid (high cost/frequent power cuts)
When the production cost of steam is almost negligible, for e.g., In
sugar plants, they have a co-gen power plant by using the baggasse (a
by-product of the process)
 Evolution of VAM technology in Thermax:




1984-87 – Marketing tie-up with Sanyo, Japan
1988-94 – Technology collaboration with Sanyo, Japan
1991-96 - Direct Fired – Technology tie-up – Kawasaki
Till Date – Installed over 3500 Machines in over 70 Countries

8. Why should one go for an Absorption Chiller?
 We should go for an Absorption Chiller, because:






It is a simple Heat Exchanger operating at different
pressures, hence, we can assure that it has an unmatched Reliability
It has a very less operating and maintenance cost, along with an
automatic and step-less modulation system
It does not have any moving parts, hence, no noise, no vibration and
no dynamic load (Roof-top positioning is possible)
Waste heat is utilized usefully and in-turn, avoids the need for
switching to a HT connection and also avoids a DG running
especially for the chilling purpose (the load on EB power and DG is
reduced to a huge extent)
It operates on an environment friendly refrigerant (i.e.), CFC
free, ozone friendly machine
It is fully automated, hence, we require minimal amount of human
intervention

9. What are the governing principles of a VAM?
 Working Materials – VAM
 Refrigerant
– DM Water
 Salt
– Lithium Bromide (LiBr)
 Boiling Point of Water is directly proportional to the
Vapour Pressure of the system


@atm. Pressure (760mm of Hg) – Water boils @100*C
In VAM, we maintain a shell pressure of 6mm of Hg, which
facilitates the water to boil @3.7*C
 Hygroscopic nature of Salt
 As we need to separate salt and water, it has to have a higher
Vapour pressure difference, hence, we use LiBr as the salt
 The operating concentration of LiBr lies between 57-64% in
Water

10. How does an Absorption Machine work?
Parts & Process involved:
Evaporator – Refrigerant Vapourization
 Absorber
– Refrigerant (Vapour) –
Absorption by Absorbent
 Generator – Regeneration of Refrigerant
& Absorbent
 Condenser – Liquefaction of Refrigerant
 Totally we have 2 Shells:
 Lower Shell – Evaporator and Absorber
 Upper Shell – Generator and Condenser


12. Can you explain the whole scheme?

13. What do we offer and where we can/have offered?
We offer,
 Steam Fired VAM
– 50 to 3500TR
 Exhaust Fired VAM
– 50 to 3500TR
 Direct Fired VAM
– 50 to 3000TR
 Hot Water Fired VAM – 50 to 1150TR
Combination of two or
three heat sources are
possible:
COGENIE or TRIGENIE
We had offered to,
 Automotive Industry
 Breweries & Distilleries
 Chemical Industry
 Commercial Centers
 Dairy & Confectionary
 Educational Institutions
 Engineering & Electronic Industry
 Hotels & Hospital
 Medical Centers
 Paper Plants
 Pharmaceuticals
 Power Plants
 Refineries & Petro-chemicals
 Steel Plants
 Super Markets & Malls
 Tyre Industry

14. I have more queries, how can I get them cleared?
 Thank you for your patient viewing & hearing
 We hope that we have answered the questions which
may rise, when you think of an absorption machine.
If you have any of the feasible scenarios for an
absorption machine, we are always on your searchlist. We would be very much delighted to work in
one- breath with you for a greener, energy efficient
future
 For anymore queries, please feel free to contact the
respective regional sales engineer or visit
www.thermaxindia.com and post your query
 The contact details are given below