1. HISTORY OF SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY IN
MUSLIM WORLD
GROUP: AL-JAZARI

2.  Allah SWT commandment:
Maksudnya:Demi sesungguhnya kisah Anbiya` itu
mengandungi pengajaran yang mendatangkan
iktibar bagi orang2 yang mempunyai akal
fikiran.Surah Yusuf ayat 111.
 Historiography Islam accepts Haramisah
( Hermes or Philosophy teacher and Science )
that recognised in West science history as Corpus
Hermeticum.

3. Anbiya` Skill in Science and
Technology
All Anbiya‘ a.s. such as Adam a.s.
(control philology, agriculture and iron engineering ),
Idris a.s. (is origin to six from Adam a.s. dab
in astronomy
field, medical, mathematics and construction
engineering ) , Nuh a.s. ( is prophet that to
four after Adam a.s. in ship building engineering ),
Nabi Ibrahim a.s. (deepen astronomy ) and Nabi Daud
a.s. (iron engineering and war strategist ) not
only skilful in spiritual knowledge and theology but
they also have particular skill which became
prophetic miracle to conserve their prophetic preaching
.

4. Rasulullah in Science and
Technology Skill
Nabi Muhamad SAW 610 – 632 M
This era very important in sparked context knowledge
culture Islamic that projected through Iqra idea‘s
that blew by al-Quran and al-Sunnah.
Profesor S.H. Nasr states that spiritual seed planted
by Nabi Muhamad SAW since first century Islamic had
born external effect in the area of
science and technology in century 4th and 5th.
(S.H.Nasr ,1992 ,Pengenalan Doktrin
Kosmologi Islam).

5. Science and Technology in
Muslim Government
 Khulafa’ al-Rasyidin 632 – 661 M:Two important
effort in science context and technology Islamic in
this era first, province expansion Islamic which
covered part of Romawi province such
as Iskandariah and Persian that own science
centres. Second, Persian tradition absorption
and Greek in administrative
fields and war especially in Khalifah Umar al-
Khattab time.

6.  Bani Umayyah 661 – 750 M : 90 year of reign Bani
Umayyah has the beginning of foreign science works
translation level especially in practical area of
science such as medical, chemistry
and astronomy especially in time al-Walid bin Abdul
Malik ( 705 – 715 M
). Province expansion Islamic also synthesise Islamic
science with
science Greek, Persian, India, Chinese, Babylon and E
gypt.
 Abbasiyah 750 – 1258 M: Abbasiyah time be
identified by science history scholars as Golden Age
of Islamic Intelectual due to excellent
achievement in period in various scientific
innovation and technology. Abbasiyah era main
criteria able to describe like following :

7. ◦ Science policy excellence or the caliphs political
patronage especially al-Ma'mun (813-833 M)
on intellectuals and their intellectual activity.
◦ Failasuf emergence scientist such as
Jabir bin Hayyan, Muhammad bin Musa al-
Khawarazmi, al-Kindi, al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, Ibn
Haytham, al-Biruni and al-Ghazzali which
represents Neo- Muslim Abbasiyah society
intelligential that famous. They produce
various knowledge disciplines and science
methodology which
encompasses chemical, mathematics,
medical, astronomy, geography, physics, biological
, optic,
botany, zoology and etc

8. ◦ Abbasiyah era also
strengthened institutionalization Islamic
tradition skills that based on al-Quran and al-
Sunnah. In this era emerge fiqh trend
predominantly Muslim such as Malikiyyah,
Syafi'iyyah, Hanabilah, Hanafiyah and so on.
Likewise emergence of thinking trends Islamic in
fields Islamic mysticism, teaching of
Islam, philosophy, science and various
field of Islamic thought others.
◦ Sparked knowledge institutionalization which
covered revelation skills and rational have
walked with more splendid more with Bayt al-
Hikmah emergence as central foreign
knowledge works translation into Arabic which
became sign to intellectual rise Islamic that no
comparison.

9. Islamic Science and Technology
Contribution in World Civilization
 Mathematics :
◦ Areas of mathematics Islamic expand as result from mathematician
activity Islamic synthesise methodology mathematics India, Greek, Eg
ypt and Mesopotamia. Among discovery Islamic
mathematics was number system, arismatik decimal
system, algebra, trigonometry and major geometry. Major
figures field this are Muhammad bin Musa al-Khawarazmi ( 780-863 M
), Al-Kindi ( 801-873 M ), Al-Biruni ( 973 – 1051 m ), Thabit bin Qurrah
( 826 – 901 M ), al-Battani ( m.d. 929 M ),Abu Kamil Syuja' bin Aslam (
850 – 930 M ),Abual-Wafa al-Buzjani ( 940 – 997 M ),Abu Bakar al-
Karkhi ( m.d. 1024 M ),Abual-Fath 'Umar al-Khayyam ( 1048 M – 1121
M ), Abu Ja'far Al-Khazini ( m.d. 960 M ), Jamsyid Al-Kashi ( m.d. 1424
M ), Abu al-Hasan al-Qalsadi ( 1412 – 1487 M ) and Baha` al-Din al-
'Amili ( 1547 – 1622 M ). Most excellentfigure in Islamic
mathematics was Al Khawarizmi considered Algebra father. His major
work was Kitab al-Jabr wa al-muqabalah.

10.  Astronomi :
◦ It is star study science which
involves position, movement and
arrangement and interpretation related
to star. Islamic astronomer
continued astronomical tradition Ptolemy and Persia
n tradition and India. First
generation astronomers Islam appeared in the
middle of the century to 8 Masihi in
Baghdad. Earliest record on astronomical
observation in Muslim world dated 184 H when
Ahmad al-Nahawandi observe movement of sun in
Persian ( Nasr ,1976; 112 ).

11. ◦ Islamic astronomy figures was Muhammad al-
Fazari m.d. 777 M, al-Khawarazmi, al-Faraghani,
al-Batani, Abu Sahl al-Kuhi, Abdul Rahman al-
Sufi, Ibn Yunus, Ulugh Beg, Abu Said al-
Sijzi, Abu al-Wafa al-Buzjani, Abual-Qasim al-
Majriti, al-Zarqali, al-Biruni, Umar Khayyam,
Nasiruddin al-Tusi, Ibn al-Shatir, Qutbuddin al-
Shirazi, Muhyuddin al-Maghribi and al-
Kashani. Astronomy science stress empirical
method with observeconstruction stations astron
omy since al-Ma'mun time until to Nasiruddin al-
Tusi time in Monggol time century to 13 M.

12.  Medical :
◦ Islamic Medical Science is al-tib al-
Nabawi synthesis result or medical Tradition Nabi
Muhammad SAW with medical from foreign knowledge
culture Greek, Persian, Egypt, Babylon, Chinese and ear
liest India. Figures medical are made
up Arab Nestorian group that Christian such as Hunayn
ibn Ishaq, Yahya al-Masawayh and Jurjis bin Bakhtishu'.
After Hunayn generation emerging figures Islamic
medical such as Zakaria al-Razi ( 865 – 925 M
). Al Razi learn medicines from Hunayn bin Ishaq in
Baghdad. Al-Razi as a doctor that have analysis
force that is sharp
on symptoms and effects of disease, method of
approach and there covert. He places medical
ethics in high spot and against any fraud
element and deviation in medical practice. He had
produced 200 fruit work medical.

13.  Engineering :
◦ Works that still existed to be analysed by latter
generation still has among them :
i . Works Banu Musa in century to 9 M such as al-
Hiyal book ( Kitab Pengetahuan Peranti Mekanik )
that explained
on carrier wheel machinewater and machine to grin
d corn and cereal others.
Ii. al-Muqaddasi ( m.d. 390 H = 1000 M
) explain about water wheelmachine along
Sungai Ahwaz, Iran.
Iii. al-Idrisi in Toledo, Spanish write a article in
year 584 H = 1154 M on water wheel mechanical
engineering used to transport water from Sungai
Tagus to be supplied to Kota Toledo.

14. iv. Taqiyuddin, engineer Islamic century to 12
M had inscribed and produce water
carrier machine recognised as syaduf, saqiya and
naura. The machines moved with animal
energy and water power or hairdo.
v. al-Jazari in century to 13 M had
produced thaw ejector machine that can
change the fountain jet automatically.
vi. al-Himyari an engineer Islamic from
Spain write book engineering entitled Kitab al-Rawd
al-Mi'tar in year 661 H = the 1262 M. The
book explained
on windmill used as sugar roller machine and flour.
vii. Hour creation was performed by a
number of engineer Islamic such as Ibn Haytham (
m.d. 1039 M ),al-Zarqali in Spain, al-Khazini and
Muhammad al-Sa'ati.

15. Conclusion
Islamic scholars has gave contribution that no
comparison to civilizationand scientific
progress and world technology. This fact so
glowing withavailability more than work
manuscript quarter of a
million scientistIslamic that discovered
in largest libraries in the world. Manuscripts still kept in
Muslim countries and Europe, although mostly has
been devastated by Tartar military in year 1258 M
or ruined by the militarySpanish Christian in year 1492
M following Granada fort's collapse in Spain.