1. Genetically
Modified Crops :
ITS IMPACT ON INDIAN AGRICULTURE
PRESENTATION BY:NISHNA SATHYAN

2. When Food Insecurity Dominates…

3. Malnutrition takes the life of million…

4. Earth struggling out of pesticides…

5. Genetic engineering came up with
a solution
GMO’s

6. Beginning of GMOs
• 1981 Monsanto scientists had come up with
the first genetically modified plant

7. First in the Field
• The first field test of a
genetically modified
organism occurred in
1986 in US
Frostban was sprayed on a
field of strawberries
Americans protested
against GMO’s

8. Moving Forward
• US opposition to
genetically altered foods
did not last very long
• FDA declared GM foods
to be “not inherently
dangerous” in 1993.
• Americans began to
accept GMO

9. How to create GMOs

15. Some Examples of GMOs
• Bt corn – US, 1996
• Roundup® Ready
Soybeans – US, 1996
• Flavr Savr® tomatoes
– US, 1994
• “Golden Rice” –
Switzerland, 1999

16. Bt Corn: What is it?
• eliminate the threat of
the corn borer
• Bacillus thuringiensis
• less effective against
insects in later stages
of growth.

17. Flavr Savr® Tomatoes
• Approved for market
by the FDA in 1994
• extra copy of a gene
that codes for enzyme
polygalacturonase

18. “Golden Rice”
• Developed by Swiss
and German
scientists in 1999
• produce Vitamin A
• a miracle cure for
VAD.

19. Bt cotton
• Contains a foreign
gene obtained from
bacillus thuringiensis.
• Protects the plants
from bollworm

21. ADVANTAGES OF GMOs
• Pest resistance
• Herbicide tolerance
• Disease resistance
• Cold tolerance
• Drought tolerance

22. Helping to form an healthier world
• Nutrition
• Pharmaceuticals
• Phytoremediation

23. CRITICISMS AGAINST GM CROPS
• Environmental hazards
• Unintended harm to other organisms
• Reduced effectiveness of pesticides
• Gene transfer to non-target species

24. HUMAN HEALTH RISK
• Allergenicity
• Unknown effects on
human health

25. ECONOMIC CONCERN
• Raise the price of seeds
• Introduction of "suicide gene"

26. Moral Issues
• Moving genes from animals to plants gets
you into a whole moral, religious, and
political firestorm..."

27. How India fits in the picture of
GM Crops?
• India one of the six leading
countries that are
conducting field trials of
GM crops
Highest acreage of Monsanto’s GMO
Bt cotton

28. Bt cotton in India
• In June 2002, about 55,000 cotton farmers decided to
grow Bt cotton
• Resist bollworm

29. Impacts of Monsanto’s Bt cotton
• Created a suicide economy in
India
• Non-renewable seeds
• Rs 7/kg to Rs 17,000/kg
• Bt-cotton needs irrigation
• created new pests
• 13 times more pesticides
• High costs and unreliable
output

30. Indian farmers suffered a lot…
• Andhra Pradesh 79% of the crop was lost
• Madhya Pradesh 100% of the crop was lost
• Maharastra Bt crop has failed across 30,000 hec
• In Gujarat, it was completely destroyed by the bollworm
• 200 farmers committed suicide
• Bt. Cotton failure has cost total loss of Rs. 1128 million
• Monsanto refused any compensation to the farmers

31. Monsanto going to introduce GM
potatoes in India
• 2nd of January 2003
reported the plan
• As part of an anti hunger
strategy
• gene transplanted from
amaranthus
• protein-enriched

33. Indian farmers realizing the truth…
and they

34. CONCLUSION

35. HUMAN-BEINGS ARE NOT ALLOWED
TO TAKE THE DUTY OF GOD

36. REFERENCE
• 1. www.indiagminfo.org
• 2. www.gmwatch.org
• 3. www.biosafety-info.net
• 4. http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org
• 5. http://www.foei.org/en/campaigns/gmo
• 6. http://www.i-sis.org.uk/index
• 7. http://www.seedsofdeception.
• 8. www.greenpeace.org
• 9. http://www.envfor.nic.in/divisions/csurv/geac/geac
• 10. http://www.igmoris.nic.in/