1. CHEMISTRY PROJECT :AIR

2. CONTENTS
1. Composition of Air.
2. Different types of pollutants in
air.
3. The effects of amospheric
pollutant

3. COMPOSITION OF DRY
AIR…
Dry air consits mainly of oxygen and nitrogen.
The volumetric composition of the standard dry
air is:

4. POLLUTANTS IN AIR
 Pollutants are substance which can cause harm and damage to people, animals ,
vegetation , buildings or machines
Pollutant Sources Harmful effects
Carbon Monoxide Incomplete combustion Headaches , breathing
of carbon-containing difficulties and can cause
substances death
Methane Bacterial decay of Global Warming
vegetation
Oxides of Nitrogen Lighting and internal Breathing difficulties ,
combustion engines cause acid rain and
produce ozone
Ozone Sunlight acting or Irritates eyes and lungs
unburnt hydrocarbons and causes asthma
and nitrogen dioxide atshma attacks
Sulfur Dioxide Volcanic eruptions and Breathing difficulties
combustion of fossil ,causes athsma attack and
fuels Acid rain
Unburned hydrocarbons Car exhausts Products Ozone

5. THE EFFECTS OF OZONE..
The human health effects of ozone have been studied for over
30 years. The respiratory systemic the primary target of this
oxidant pollutant. Respiratory tract responses induced by
ozoneinclude reduction in lung function, aggravation of
preexisting respiratory disease (such asasthma), increased
daily hospital admissions and emergency department visits for
respiratory causes, and excess mortality. The degree of
adverse respiratory effects produced by ozone depends on
several factors, including concentration and duration of
exposure, climate characteristics, individual sensitivity,
preexistent respiratory disease, and socioeconomic status
Both the level of physical activity and the sensitivity of the
individual are factors in determining the adverse health effects
of ozone. Four groups of people are particularly sensitive to
ozone when they are active outdoors: children, healthy adults
doing outdoor exercise, people with preexistent respiratory
disease, and the elderly. Children and healthy adults are more
sensitive

6. PREVENTIVE AND REDUCE AIR POLLUTANTS
 Example of how pollutant can be removed
or reduced
- -Installing catalytic converters in motor
vehicles to remove nitrogen oxide, carbon
monoxides and unburned hydrocarbons.
- -It can also be treat acidic gases like sulphur
dioxide and nitrogen oxides, with calcium
hydroxide before releasing them into the
atmosphere.
- -We can used alternative sources of energy
like solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectric

7. EFFECT OF THE ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS
- -Human health
- -Carbon monoxide
- > It is very colourless and odourless but it is very
poisonous. It reacts with haemoglobin in the red
blood cell to form a compound called carboxy
haemoglobin which make the blood unable to
absorb oxygen.
- -Nitrogen oxides
- It can cause respiratory problem, damage to the
lungs and react with volatile organic compound to
form ground level ozone.
- -Ozone
- >It causes irritation to the eyes and throats and
damage the lungs tissue.

8. ENVIRONMENT
 Methane
 It can cause the greenhouse effect by trapping the
sun heat and causing global warming.
 Sulphur
 When it rises to the atmospheric , it react with the
oxygen and rain water to formed acid rain.
 Unburned hydrocarbons
 It react with nitrogen oxides in the presence of
sunlight to form ozone which cause lungs irritation
and photochemical smog.

9. ATMOSPHERIC POLUTANTS IN CHINA..
 Three billion people in developing nations across
the globe rely on biomass in the form of wood,
charcoal, dung and crop residue as their domestic
cooking fuel. It is because much of the cooking is
carried is carried out indoors in environtments that
lack proper ventilation , millions of people, primarily
poor women and children face serious health risks.
 Even though the rate dependence on biomass fuel
is declining, this dwindling resources will not keep
up with population growth which could ultimately
put environment at even greater risks.