The role of the 2015 agreement in mobilising climate finance

1. 1 Climate Change Expert Group
Session outline
Part 1
14:15 – 16:00
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Takayoshi Kato, OECD
•
Mariama Williams, South Centre
•
Jérôme Bertrand-Hardy, Proparco
Discussion questions
1.
How could the 2015 agreement directly or indirectly facilitate the effective mobilisation of climate finance at scale?
2.
How could the 2015 agreement help Parties to strengthen the push and pull factors for enhancing enabling environments for mobilising climate finance?
Coffee break
Part 2
16:30 – 18:00
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Christa Clapp, CICERO
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Rob Youngman, OECD
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Isabel Cavelier, AILAC
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Cyrille Arnould, EIB
Discussion questions
1.
How could the new agreement support the use of the full range of financial instruments?
2.
What are the barriers and opportunities for the 2015 agreement to mobilise domestic financial resources in developing countries?

The aim of this breakout group is to discuss the possible role of the 2015 agreement in mobilising climate finance.

Co-facilitated by Mr. Gilberto Arias (Dominican Republic) and
Mr. Anton Hilber (Switzerland)

2. Climate Change Expert Group www.oecd.org/env/cc/ccxg.htm
CCXG Global Forum 16 September 2014
The role of the 2015 agreement in mobilising climate finance
Takayoshi Kato, OECD
takayoshi.kato@oecd.org
Based on a draft paper of the same title by
Takayoshi Kato, Jane Ellis and Christa Clapp

3. 3 Climate Change Expert Group
Presentation Outline
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Background
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Four different ways which the paper focuses on to explore the role of 2015 agreement
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Discussion questions

4. 4 Climate Change Expert Group
Background

This study
…builds on these analyses to explore
how a 2015 agreement could contribute to further mobilising climate finance.
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Previous studies by the CCXG and the OECD
…explored how developed countries could effectively, efficiently and accountably mobilise climate finance.

5. 5 Climate Change Expert Group
Four ways: the agreement could do for mobilising climate finance
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In many cases, the 2015 agreement could facilitate mobilisation of climate finance indirectly.
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The agreement could contribute to long-term shift of financial flows towards “green” in the four ways.
The new
agreement
In-country Enabling Environments
Financial Instruments & Tools
MRV
Intl. Institutional Arrangements
Mobilising climate finance

6. 6 Climate Change Expert Group
Intl. Institutional Arrangements

Intl. institutional arrangements under UNFCCC:
o
Need to be responsive to rapidly changing circumstances, while minimising duplication of work.
o
Need to build on current discussion under UNFCCC.
o
Can complement the specific objectives.
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Encouraging consideration for thematic and geographical balance (also elaborating what “balance” is).
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Facilitating co-ordination among existing and emerging international institutional arrangements under UNFCCC.
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Also, enhancing synergies with non-UNFCCC institutions.
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Streamlining allocation processes by the operating entities.
What could the agreement do?

7. 7 Climate Change Expert Group
In-country Enabling Environments
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EEs are essential for attracting investment, and better accessing, managing and using climate finance.
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All parties to enhance push and pull factors for enhancing enabling environments.
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Push and pull factors are often inter-linked in practice.
e.g. Push factors of enabling environments can be important for enhancing some pull factors.

8. 8 Climate Change Expert Group
PULL FACTORS
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Encouraging Parties to work on enabling environments (by e.g. establishing a process for enhancing enabling environment)
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Urging to put price on carbon in a coherent, stable and sustainable manner.
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Encouraging co-ordinating domestic institutions in recipient countries.
•
Helping to strengthen ownership of recipient countries
(through support for fiduciary, environmental and social standards).
What could the agreement do?

9. 9 Climate Change Expert Group
(e.g.) A process for enhancing enabling env.in recipient countries
Climate policy instruments
Investment policies
Human capital
In-county Institutional capacities
Monitoring and evaluating
Revisiting and updating
policy goals and/or instruments
Feedback
Setting predictable and stable policy goals
Aligning policies with
national development goals
Feedback
Process flows
Feedback or interaction

Encouraging Parties to work together for durable and flexible enabling environments in recipient countries.
Source: Based on Kato et al. (2014), OECD (2014a), OECD (2014b), OECD (2013a), GIZ (2013), OECD (2013b) and Corfee-Morlot et al. (2012)

10. 10 Climate Change Expert Group
PULL FACTORS
•
Encouraging Parties to work on enabling environments (by e.g. establishing a process for enhancing enabling environment)
•
Urging to put price on carbon in a coherent, stable and sustainable manner.
•
Encouraging co-ordinating domestic institutions in recipient countries.
•
Helping to strengthen ownership of recipient countries
(through support for fiduciary, environmental and social standards).
What could the agreement do?

11. 11 Climate Change Expert Group
PUSH FACTORS
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Reducing fragmentation of co-operation by donors
(e.g. It could reiterate the Busan Partnership for Effective Development Co- operation).
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Facilitating inter-agency co-ordination within a contributing country.
•Encouraging the use of innovative sources of climate finance
(e.g. Market based approaches, funds raised by carbon pricing policies,
Financial Transaction Taxes (AGF, 2010)).
What could the agreement do?

12. 12 Climate Change Expert Group
Financial Instruments & Tools
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How to use financial instruments and tools are case- specific.
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But the agreement could indirectly contribute to the use of full range of financial instruments and tools by…
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Explicitly encouraging the use of the full range of financial instruments and tools.
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Providing opportunities for information-exchange (especially newer or innovative ones).
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Encouraging the further involvement of multiple financial instruments/tools and multiple actors.
What could the agreement do?

13. 13 Climate Change Expert Group
MRV
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MRV is key to building trust among countries.
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In the new agreement, MRV could be more elaborated and broadened its scope.
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Using MRV as a tool to generate and disseminate information on results from interventions (e.g. effectiveness of interventions, use of financial instruments, etc).
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Elaboration on methodologies of MRV to address issues (e.g. on definitions of CF; tracking adaptation and private finance; attribution issues; capacity for MRV; balance between costs and benefits).
MRV
Broadened
Elaborated
What could the agreement do?

14. 14 Climate Change Expert Group
Discussion questions
1.
How could the 2015 agreement directly or indirectly facilitate the effective mobilisation of climate finance at scale?
2.
How could the 2015 agreement help Parties to strengthen the push and pull factors for enabling environments for mobilising climate finance?