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27 February 2010 South Central Chile Earthquake Professor Scott Ashford Oregon State University Professor Jack Moehle University of California at Berkeley Professor Pedro Arduino University of Washington
Acknowledgments for this broad collaborative effort funded primarily by the National Science Foundation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
movie
2010 Chile earthquake 3:34 am local time 27 February 2010 M w  8.8 Fault rupture 100km x 500 km Population affected > 8M * 521 confirmed deaths ** 190000 homes severely  damaged or destroyed ~800,000 homeless ~$30B damages *  ACHISINA ** USAID, 3/25/10
 
Pacific Northwest
 
Concepcion
Talca  (AP Photo)
Santiago  (AP PHOTO/Carlos Espinoza)
Pelluhue ( AP Photo)
Learning from Chile Geological and Geotechnical Aspects 27 February 2010 South Central Chile Earthquake June 28, 2010
Typical Subduction Zone
Recent Seismic Events Previous Events - Seismic Gap 1960-M9.5 1985-M8.0
Measured (GPS) Coseismic  Horizontal Displacements Concepcion moved ~3m towards west
Coseismic  Vertical Displacements Uplift up to ~2m was recorded in Lebu
Uplift Evidence
Uplift Evidence
Tsunami
Ground Failure Overview ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
SITE EFFECTS ,[object Object]
Site Effects: Vespucio Norte & Ciudad Empresiarial H/V peaks: 0.5-2sec  (Bonnefoy et al, 2008) Damage to 5 to 20-story buildings Q fno : Silt & Clay Layers Localized Damage – Site Effects? A B A B Gravel, Sandy gravel Silty Clay, Silty Sand Collapse No collapse
LIQUEFACTION & LATERAL SPREADING ,[object Object]
Lateral Spreading Lateral spreading near river banks due to liquefaction
Gas Station -  Concepción
LANDSLIDES &  DAMS/TAILING DAMS ,[object Object]
Landslides Few deep seated slides were observed
Dams Most dams performed well
Dams & Levees Coihueco Zoned Earth Dam  Upstream Slope Failure Levee Breach
Tailing Dams Las Palmas tailings dam failure Approximate area of failure and flow direction
Las Palmas Tailing Dam failure (cont) Besides this case, most tailings dams  performed well
PORTS & HARBORS CASE STUDIES ,[object Object]
Ports & Harbors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
OMSI Science Pub - Chile Earthquake
Valparaiso:  Outward quay wall movement and pavement cracks
San Antonio:  Damaged dock
Talcahuano Port Area St Vincente Port Fishing Wharf Fish Packaging Facility Petroleum Facilities N
OMSI Science Pub - Chile Earthquake
Fishing Pier 178m 24m 42m N Documented extent of lateral spread
N Approx extent of lateral spread
Lateral Spreading Effects on Industrial Facilities Fish Packing Facility, San Vicente
Petrobas Gas Facility  N Fish Packaging Facility Petrobas Gas Facility Water rise  Approx extent of lateral spread
Coronel:  Lateral spread displacements
Coronel:  Sinkholes   (2.2m deep, 3.5m in diameter)
Coronel:  Rotation of pile due to lateral spreading (not a raked pile!)
EMBANKMENT FAILURES ,[object Object]
Embankment Failures along Highway 5 Possible liquefaction  of thin seams in  foundation soils led  to translational  failures of  highway embankments
Talca
Talca
Valparaiso,  UNESCO Heritage City
Talca
 
Festival Viña del Mar, 14 Stories
MASS EQ
Santiago
Santiago
Santiago
MASS EQ
 
Concepcion (AP Photo)
 
Collapsed building in Concepcion openings solid typical unit Plan Tower under construction parking A B Section A Section B
 
Santiago
Santiago
Airports
Hospitals and health care
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chilean Wine Industry
 
Stainless steel tanks
Thank You
Santiago  (AP PHOTO/Carlos Espinoza)
Bridge Team Members ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Nazca Plate 200 mi Valparaíso South America Plate Temuco Talca Ruta 5 Ruta 5 Santiago
shear key Temporary shoring of the beam
Vertical axis Rotation or twisting of the deck Abutment Deck Lateral displacement
Failed shear key  Seismic bars Undamaged shear key
Tubul Bridge Eight span simply supported steel girders on pier walls. Collapsed attributed to unseating of beams
 
 
Summary of Observations on Bridges ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Summary of other Lifeline Performance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pelluhue ( AP Photo)
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tsunami
NOAA Tsunami wave heights for Feb. 27, 2010, 8.8 EQ
NOAA Tsunami wave heights, May 22 1960, 9.5 EQ
1500 homes destroyed in Dichato from tsunami; only 17 residents killed
 
 
 
Where do we fit in? The Pacific “Ring of Fire”
200 mi Juan de Fuca Plate Cascadia Subduction Zone Oregon Washington California Gorda Plate Pacific Plate North America Plate Seattle Portland Corvallis Salem Redding Medford Vancouver I-5 I-5 Nazca Plate 200 mi Valparaíso South America Plate Temuco Talca Ruta 5 Ruta 5 Santiago
Comparison of Haiti and Chile earthquakes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chile Haiti Finite fault models by Gavin Hayes, USGS National Earthquake Information Center
What are the implications for Oregon? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What can you do? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
THANK YOU! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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OMSI Science Pub - Chile Earthquake

Notas del editor

  1. Santiago
  2. Lebu ~2m uplift
  3. Rapel
  4. Las Palmas Tailings dam
  5. Fishing pier suffered lateral spread, boats still docking at pier – however fish cleaning and packaging facility totally destroyed, therefore fishing production stopped altogether here – neighboring st vincente international port, damage due to liquefaction and lateral spreading
  6. Tower leaning, flying buttresses failed
  7. maffei noel nathan lecture 8april2009 eq damage & retrofitmaffei seaonc seminar eq damage and retrofit concrete 07/20/10
  8. Highway near Santiago
  9. Santiago
  10. What are the lessons for Caltrans, for US bridge engineers, and for Chilean bridge engineers?
  11. Overcrossing along Route 5 about 43 km south of Santiago
  12. The excessive transverse movement at the abutment caused this I-girder to come off the abutment seat. Note that the short abutment results in the girder coming to rest on the embankment slope armor. The effectiveness of seismic bars was not readily apparent. Note the lack of diaphragm between girders.
  13. Ground cracking and slope movement towards Rio Bio Bio underneath north abutment of Puente Llacolen shown in previous slide. Liquefaction between bridge shown in inset.
  14. This NOAA simulation shows the open ocean maximum wave heights predicted for the February 27, 2010 Chile earthquake. The extreme wave heights are limited to a short section along the Chilean coastline, and dissipate rapidly as the waves travel across the Pacific Ocean. The effects in Hawaii, West Coast USA, and Japan were limited to a series of rapid tidal changes on the order of 3 to 4 feet.
  15. For comparison, this NOAA simulation shows the open ocean maximum wave heights predicted for the May 22, 1960 Chile earthquake. This was a considerably larger earthquake, and larger tsunami event. The local tsunami was more widespread, and lead to 2000 deaths in Chile, while the trans-pacific tsunami waves resulted in deaths in Hawaii, Japan and the Philippines.