1. Introduction to Prescription
Drug Monitoring Programs
James Giglio
Director, PDMP Training and Technical Assistance Center
Brandeis University
David Hopkins
KASPER Program Manager
Office of Inspector General
Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services

2. Disclosures
• James Giglio has disclosed no relevant,
real or apparent personal or
professional financial relationships.
• David Hopkins has disclosed no
relevant, real or apparent personal or
professional financial relationships.

3. Learning Objectives
1. Outline the history and operation of
PDMPs.
2. Outline strategies used by PDMPs to
analyze and use collected data to
identify drug abuse trends.
3. Identify strategies for best practices that
participants can implement in their state.

4. Agenda
• History of Prescription Drug Monitoring
Programs (PDMPs)
• How PDMPs Operate
• PDMP Best Practices
• What is Your State Doing?
• Where to Learn More

5. Prescription Drug Abuse and Diversion

6. History of Prescription Drug
Monitoring Programs (PDMPs)

7. What is a Prescription Drug
Monitoring Program?
• A prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) is
a state program that collects controlled substance
prescription records from dispensers (e.g.,
pharmacies) state-wide and then provides
prescription histories and other compiled and/or
analyzed data to authorized end-users for use in
clinical care, law enforcement, regulation of
professional practice, research and evaluation.

8. Status of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs)
Research
is
current
as
of
December
23,
2013
AK
AL
AR
CA
CO
ID
IL
IN
IA
MN
MO
MT
NE
NV
ND
OH
OK
OR
TN
UT
WA
AZ
SD
NM
VA
WY
MI
GA
KS
HI
TX
ME
MS
WI
NY
PA
LA
KY
NC
SC
FL
VT
WV
Opera9onal
PDMPs
Enacted
PDMP
legisla9on,
but
program
not
yet
opera9onal
Legisla9on
Pending
No
Legisla9on
GU
NH
MA
RI
CT
NJ
DE
MD
DC

9. Enactments of PDMPs

10. Enactments of PDMPs

11. First Prescription Drug Monitoring Program
• New York State 1918
• Drugs
▫ Cocaine
▫ Morphine
▫ Heroin
• State’s Role
• Doctor’s Role
• Pharmacist’s Role
▫ Copy to State within 24hrs of
Dispensing

12. Early Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs
• 1939-43
▫ California-1939 (Oldest Continuous
Program)
▫ Hawaii – 1943
• 1960-1989
▫ Illinois (1961)
▫ Idaho (1967)
▫ Pennsylvania (1972)
▫ New York (1972)*
▫ Rhode Island (1978)
▫ Texas (1981)
▫ Michigan (1988)

13. Early PDMP Characteristics
• Purpose of PDMPs
▫ Law Enforcement
▫ Curtail Diversion
• Collected ONLY Schedule II Drugs
• Use of State Issued Prescriptions
• Frequency of Collecting Data
▫ 30 days from time of dispensing

14. Early PDMP Characteristics
Paper Era (1939 - 1990)
• Paper Prescriptions
▫ Triplicates
▫ Duplicates
▫ Individually Serialized
▫ Issued by the State
▫ Cost to Prescribers
• Copies sent to States
▫ Data entry process

15. Early PDMP Information Gathering
State
PDMP
Issues
Rx
Doctor
Prescribes
on
triplicate
Rx
Keeps
One
Copy
Pa9ent
Brings
2
copies
of
Rx
to
Pharmacy
Pharmacy
Dispenses
Keeps
Original
and
forwards
3rd
copy
to
state
State
PDMP
enters
informa9on
into
database

16. Electronic Era – Breaking New Ground
• Oklahoma (1990)
▫ First to Require Electronic Transmission of Data
▫ No serialized prescriptions
▫ Reduced Operational Costs
▫ Increased accuracy and timely submissions
▫ Enabled other States to Consider PDMPs
• Nevada (1995)
▫ First to Require the Reporting of More than
Schedule II drugs (Schedules II-IV)
▫ First to provide Unsolicited Reports to Practitioners

17. Present PDMPs – Federal Era
• Harold Rogers Prescription Drug Monitoring
Programs Grant (2003)
 Funds to Plan, Implement, Enhance PDMPs
 Program Administered by Bureau of Justice
Assistance (BJA)
 2003-2012: Thirty Three (33) States Enacted
PDMP legislation
• SAMHSA (NASPER)
• CDC
• DEA
• ONDCP
• ONC

18. History of PDMPs
Year Legislation Enacted
Harold
Rogers
Program
Implemented

19. How PDMPs Operate

20. PDMP System Overview
Data
Submitted
Reports
Sent
Reports
Sent
Reports
Sent

21. Prescription Information Collected by PDMPs
• Patient identification:
▫ Name & Address
▫ DOB & Gender
• Prescriber Information
• Dispensing Pharmacy Information
• Drug Information, e.g.
▫ NDC # = name, type, strength,
manufacturer
▫ Quantity & date dispensed
▫ Source of payment (some states)

22. Controlled Substance Schedules
• Schedule I – Illegal Drugs
• heroin, marijuana, LSD
• Schedule II – Most addictive legal drugs; high
abuse potential
• oxycodone, methylphenidate, oxymorphone
• Schedule III – Less abuse potential than I or II
• hydrocodone combinations
• Schedule IV – Less abuse potential than III
• benzodiazepines
• Schedule V – least abuse potential
• codeine containing cough mixtures

23. Data Collected from Pharmacies
• PDMPs Collect Dispensed Controlled Substances Rx:
• 30 collect Schedules II – V
• 18 collect Schedules II – IV
• 1 collects Schedule II & III
• 1 collects Schedules II only
• Some Collect Non-Controlled Medications
• 8 collect tramadol (Ultram®)
• 1 each – Butorphanol, butalbitol w/acetamenophen
• Electronic Data Collection - Batch Reporting
• Reporting Frequency varies – POS, 24 hours, 7-30 days

24. PDMP Data
• Data is Provided to:
• Doctors and other prescribers
• Pharmacists
• Health Professional Licensing
Boards
• Law Enforcement
• Medical Examiners
• Medicaid State Agencies
• Drug Courts

25. PDMP Report Types
• Standard Reports - Prescriber, Dispenser,
Patient
• Specialty Reports – Statistical,
Geographical, Trend Analysis
• Solicited vs. Unsolicited Reports

26. Uses by Prescribers/Pharmacists
• Prescription history of a current or a new patient
– Misuse or Addiction
– Multiple Prescribers/Dispensers
– Drug Interactions
– Compliance with Pain Contracts
• Practitioner prescribing history
– Fraudulent Scripts
– Monitor Patient’s Compliance with Rx
Directions

27. Uses by Law Enforcement Agencies
• Unlawful Sale of Controlled Substances/
Prescriptions
• Unlawful Prescribing/Dispensing
• Organized Forgery Rings
• Organized Doctor Shopper Rings

28. Uses by Boards/Licensing Agencies
• Meeting Standard of Care
• Improving the Prescribing & Dispensing of Drugs
• Monitoring compliance of prescribers/dispensers
currently on probation
• Monitoring compliance of dispensers reporting
information to PDMPs

29. OTHER USE OF PDMP REPORTS
• Public Health
• Research, Treatment, Prevention & Education
• Drug Courts
• Assist in monitoring compliance of participants
• Medical Examiners
• Assist in identifying cause of death in drug overdose cases
• Impaired Professional Programs
• Assist in monitoring compliance of health care professionals
• Medicaid
• Drug Utilization Review Boards
• Identify Other Sources of Drugs (forms of payment)
• Monitor clients restricted to single practitioner/pharmacy
29

30. PDMP Best Practices

31. PDMP Best Practices
Why Is a New Generation of PDMPs
Needed?
The Prescription Drug Abuse Epidemic
is Increasing

32. The New Generation of PDMPs
THE PARADIGM SHIFT:
In addition to simply responding to
others’ requests, PMPs need to
proactively confront the epidemic.

33. White Paper on PDMP Best Practices
Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs: An
Assessment of the Evidence for Best Practices
September 20, 2012
at www.pdmpexcellence.org
Developed by PMP Center of Excellence at Brandeis
University with support from BJA and Pew Charitable Trusts

34. Improve Data Collection
Being Done:
• Collect all schedules II to V
• Use most recent data submission standard,
e.g., ASAP version 4.2.
• For each Rx, collect data on method of
payment
To Be Done:
• Collect prescription data in real time or within
24 hours of dispensing

35. ID Person Picking Up the Prescription
To Be Done:
• Require pharmacies to submit ID information on who
picks-up each prescription -- so PDMP knows who
actually has the drug.
• Require pharmacies to check photo ID check before
dispensing a controlled substance to verify who has the
drug.
• Massachusetts PDMP mandated reporting and positive
ID for Schedule II prescriptions since 2009.
• Found 38% of the persons who dropped off or
picked up the Rx are not the patient.
• Now MA requires reporting and positive ID for all
Schedule II to V prescriptions.

36. Remain Current with Technology
To Be Done:
• Integrate electronic prescribing with PDMP data.
• Could e-Prescribing become the source for
PDMP data?
To Explore:
• Utilize state-issued prescription forms.
• serialized
• single copy

37. Maintain Data Quality
Being Done:
• Verify data quality
• Require pharmacies correct data reported in error
• Identify gaps in data and enforce reporting
requirements
To Be Done:
• PDMPs should check for obvious anomalies, e.g.;
• Prescribers who have died
• Prescribers whose licenses/registrations are
suspended or revoked

38. User Access and Report Dissemination
Being Done:
• Provide online access and automated reports - 24/7
• Allow prescribers to review their own records
• Allow law enforcement, including prosecutors to have access
To Be Done:
• Develop batch requesting for prescribers to request an entire
day’s calendar of appointments
• Integrate PDMP reports with health information exchanges
(HIE) and electronic health records (EHR)

39. Increase PDMP Utilization
Being Done:
• Mandate prescriber enrollment in PDMP
To Explore:
• Enabling access for appropriate users:
• State Medicaid Agencies
• Federal Medicare
• Medical examiners and coroners
• Drug courts, probation and parole officers
• Drug treatment professionals and agencies

40. Unsolicited Reports and Alerts
To Explore:
• Proactively analyze PDMP data to identify
potential misuse and diversion, e.g.;
• Potential doctor shopping
• Organized drug rings
• Prescription forgery
• Pill Mills
• Provide analyzed data to those who can
intervene
• Prescribers and Pharmacists
• Law Enforcement
• Health Professional Licensing Agencies

41. Collaboration with Other Agencies
To Be Done:
• Indian Health Service
• Department of Veterans Affairs
• Department of Defense
• DOD Facilities
• Tricare
• Medicaid and Medicare
• Private third party payers
• Health insurers
• Workers Compensation

42. What is Your State Doing?

43. COMPILATION
OF
STATE
PRESCRIPTION
MONITORING
PROGRAM
MAPS
© 2014 Research is current as of March 2014. In order to ensure that the information contained herein is as current as possible, research is conducted using nationwide legal database software, individual
state legislative websites., and direct communications with state PDMP representatives. Please contact Heather Gray at 703-836-6100, ext. 114 or hgray@namsdl.org with any additional updates or
information that may be relevant to this document. Headquarters Office: THE NATIONAL ALLIANCE FOR MODEL STATE DRUG LAWS (NAMSDL). 215 Lincoln Ave. Suite 201, Santa Fe, NM
87501.
This project was supported by Grant No. G1299ONDCP03A, awarded by the Office of National Drug Control Policy.
Points of view or opinions in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position
or policies of the Office of National Drug Control Policy or the United States of Government.

44. AK
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MN
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NE
NV
ND
OH
OK
OR
TN
UT
WA
AZ
SD
NM
VA
WY
MI
GA
KS
HI
TX
ME
MS
WI
NY
PA
LA
KY
NC
SC
FL
NH
MA
RI
CT
NJ
DE
MD
VT
WV
Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs
States With Authority to Monitor Schedule II Substances
© 2014 The National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws (NAMSDL). Headquarters Office: 215 Lincoln Ave. Suite 201, Santa Fe, NM. 87501. This
information was compiled using legal databases, state agency websites and direct communications with state PDMP representatives.

45. AK
AL
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CA
CO
ID
IL IN
IA
MN
MO
MT
NE
NV
ND
OH
OK
OR
TN
UT
WA
AZ
SD
NM
VA
WY
MI
GA
KS
HI
TX
ME
MS
WI
NY
PA
LA
KY
NC
SC
FL
NH
MA
RI
CT
NJ
DE
MD
VT
WV
Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs
States With Authority to Monitor Schedule II & III Substances
© 2014 The National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws (NAMSDL). Headquarters Office: 215 Lincoln Ave. Suite 201, Santa Fe, NM 87501.
This information was compiled using legal databases, state agency websites and direct communications with state PDMP representatives

46. AK
AL
AR
CA
CO
ID
IL IN
IA*
MN
MO
MT
NE
NV
ND
OH
OK
OR
TN
UT
WA
AZ
SD
NM
VA
WY
MI
GA
KS
HI
TX
ME
MS
WI
NY
PA
LA
KY
NC
SC
FL
NH
MA
RI
CT
NJ
DE
MD
VT
WV
*Iowa’s PDMP monitors Schedule III and IV substances that the advisory council and the Board of Pharmacy determine can be addictive or fatal if not taken under the
proper care or direction of a prescribing practitioner.
Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs
States With Authority to Monitor Schedule II, III and IV Substances
© 2014 The National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws (NAMSDL). Headquarters Office: 215 Lincoln Ave. Suite 201, Santa Fe, NM 87501.
This information was compiled using legal databases, state agency websites and direct communications with state PDMP representatives
D.C.

47. AK
AL
AR
CA
CO
ID
IL IN
IA
MN
MO
MT
NE
NV
ND
OH
OK
OR
TN1
UT
WA
AZ
SD
NM
VA
WY
MI
GA
KS
HI
TX
ME
MS
WI
NY
PA
LA
KY
NC
SC
FL
NH
MA
RI
CT
NJ
DE
MD
VT
WV
1Tennessee’s law authorizes the monitoring of Schedule V substances which have been identified by the controlled substances database advisory
committee as demonstrating a potential for abuse.
Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs
States With Authority to Monitor Schedule V Substances
© 2014 The National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws (NAMSDL). Headquarters Office: 215 Lincoln Ave. Suite 201, Santa Fe, NM 87501.
This information was compiled using legal databases, state agency websites and direct communications with state PDMP representatives
D.C.

48. AK
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CA
CO
ID
IL IN
IA
MN
MO
MT
NE
NV
ND
OH
OK
OR
TN
UT
WA
AZ
SD
NM
VA
WY
MI
GA
KS
HI
TX
ME
MS
WI
NY
PA
LA
KY
NC
SC
FL
NH
MA
RI
CT
NJ
DE
MD
VT
WV
Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs
States With Authority to Monitor Non-controlled/Non-Scheduled Substances
Please note that although a state may have statutory authority to monitor Non-controlled/Non-Scheduled substances, that state may not currently be monitoring
prescriptions for such substances and may in fact require implementation of additional regulations before that monitoring can commence.
© 2014 The National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws (NAMSDL). Headquarters Office: 215 Lincoln Ave. Suite 201, Santa Fe, NM. 87501. This
information was compiled using legal databases, state agency websites and direct communications with state PDMP representatives.
D.C.

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CA
CO
ID
IL
IN
IA
MN
MO
MT
NE
NV
ND
OH2
OK
OR
TN
UT3
WA
AZ
SD
NM
VA
WY
MI4
GA
KS
HI
TX
ME
MS
WI
NY1
PA
LA
KY
NC
SC
FL
NH
MA
RI
CT
NJ
DE
MD
VT
WV
Data
Collec@on
Interval
Weekly/7 Days
Twice Monthly
Monthly
Real Time
Daily/24 Hours
3 Days
1 New York requires the submission of data in real time by statute, but that has been interpreted by regulation to mean no later than 24 hours after
the substance is delivered. 2 Ohio requires submission of data from pharmacies weekly and from wholesalers monthly. 3 Utah requires submission
weekly, but for those participating in the statewide pilot program, submission is required daily. 4 Michigan is going to daily reporting in July 2014.
D.C.
© 2014 The National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws (NAMSDL). Headquarters Office: 215 Lincoln Ave. Suite 201, Santa Fe, NM. 87501. This
information was compiled using legal databases, state agency websites and direct communications with state PDMP representatives.

50. Breakdown
of
Housing
En@@es*
AK
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CA
CO
ID
IL
IN
IA
MN
MO
MT
NE
NV
ND
OH
OK
OR
TN
UT
WA
AZ
SD
NM
VA
WY
MI
GA
KS
HI
TX
ME
MS
WI
NY
PA
LA
KY
NC
SC
FL
NH
MA
RI
CT
NJ
DE
MD
VT
WV
Health
Departments,
Single
State
Authority
or
Boards
of
Pharmacy
Law
Enforcement
Agencies
Board
of
Pharmacy
and
Inves9ga9on
Division
of
the
Department
of
Public
Safety
Professional
Licensing
Department
of
Consumer
Protec9on
Narco9c
and
Drug
Agency
at
the
direc9on
and
oversight
of
the
Board
of
Pharmacy
* This information is based on the agency the PMP statute or regulation indicates is required to establish the PMP.
© 2014 The National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws (NAMSDL). Headquarters Office: 215 Lincoln Ave. Suite 201, Santa Fe, NM 87501.
This information was compiled using legal databases, state agency websites, and direct communications with state PDMP representatives.
D.C.

51. AK
AL
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CA
CO
ID
IL
IN
IA
MN
MO
MT
NE
NV
ND
OH
OK
OR
TN
UT
WA
AZ
SD
NM
VA
WY
MI
GA
KS
HI
TX
ME
MS
WI
NY1
PA
LA
KY
NC
SC
FL
NH
MA
RI
CT
NJ
DE
MD
VT
WV
Types
of
Authorized
Recipients
-­‐
Prescribers
and
Dispensers
© 2014 The National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws (NAMSDL). Headquarters Office: 215 Lincoln Ave. Suite 201, Santa Fe, NM. 87501. This
information was compiled using legal databases, state agency websites and direct communications with state PDMP representatives.
D.C.

52. AK
AL1
AR
CA
CO
ID
IL
IN
IA
MN
MO
MT
NE
NV
ND
OH
OK
OR
TN
UT
WA
AZ
SD
NM
VA2
WY
MI
GA
KS
HI
TX
ME
MS
WI
NY
PA
LA
KY
NC
SC
FL
NH
MA
RI
CT
NJ
DE
MD
VT
WV
States
that
Require
All
Licensed
Prescribers
and/or
Dispensers
to
Register
with
PMP
Database*
© 2014 The National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws (NAMSDL). Headquarters Office: 215 Lincoln Ave. Suite 201, Santa Fe, NM 87501.
This information was compiled using legal databases, state agency websites, and direct communications with state PDMP representatives.
* Many states require that persons requesting access to the state PMP database first register as an authorized user. This map and the memorandum located on the
NAMSDL website are concerned with only those states that require all practitioners licensed in the state to also register to use the PMP database.
1 Alabama only requires physicians with or seeking a pain management registration to be registered with the PMP. 2 The Virginia provision goes into effect on
July 1, 2015.
Maine’s statute requires all prescribers in six
classes to register by March 1, 2014 if less than
90% of prescribers in each class have not
registered to use the PMP by January 1, 2014.
Mandatory enrollment

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NE
NV
ND
OH
OK
OR
TN
UT
WA
AZ
SD
NM
VA1
WY
MI
GA
KS
HI
TX
ME
MS
WI
NY
PA
LA
KY
NC
SC
FL
NH
MA
RI
CT
NJ
DE
MD
VT
WV
States
that
Require
Prescribers
and/or
Dispensers
to
Access
PMP
Informa@on
in
Certain
Circumstances*
* Please see the accompanying memorandum for specifics as to the circumstances under which a prescriber and/or dispenser is obligated to access the PMP
database in each state.
1 The Virginia provision goes into effect on July 1, 2015.
© 2014 The National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws (NAMSDL). Headquarters Office: 215 Lincoln Ave. Suite 201, Santa Fe, NM 87501.
This information was compiled using legal databases, state agency websites, and direct communications with state PDMP representatives.

54. AK
AL
AR
CA
CO
ID
IL
IN
IA
MN
MO
MT
NE
NV
ND
OH
OK
OR
TN
UT
WA
AZ
SD
NM
VA
WY
MI
GA
KS
HI
TX
ME
MS
WI
NY
PA
LA
KY
NC
SC
FL
NH
MA
RI
CT
NJ
DE
MD
VT
WV
Types
of
Authorized
Recipients
-­‐
Licensing/Regulatory
Boards
© 2014 The National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws (NAMSDL). Headquarters Office: 215 Lincoln Ave. Suite 201, Santa Fe, NM. 87501. This
information was compiled using legal databases, state agency websites and direct communications with state PDMP representatives.
D.C.

55. AK
AL2
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CA
CO
ID
IL IN
IA
MN
MO
MT
NE
NV
ND
OH
OK
OR
TN
UT
WA
AZ
SD
NM
VA
WY
MI
GA
KS
HI
TX
ME
MS
WI
NY
PA1
LA
KY
NC
SC
FL
NH
MA
RI
CT
NJ
DE
MD
VT
WV
Types
of
Authorized
Recipients
–
Law
Enforcement
Officials
Probable cause, search warrant,
subpoena, or other judicial process
Pursuant to an active investigation
Upon request from law enforcement
officials
May only receive information from
professional licensing boards
1 Law enforcement requests must be approved by the Office of the Attorney General. Law enforcement officials do not have direct access.
2 Law enforcement officers must make a declaration that probable cause exists, but there is no judicial process involved.
© 2014 The National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws (NAMSDL). Headquarters Office: 215 Lincoln Ave. Suite 201, Santa Fe, NM. 87501. This
information was compiled using legal databases, state agency websites and direct communications with state PDMP representatives.
D.C.

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CA
CO
ID
IL IN
IA
MN
MO
MT
NE
NV
ND
OH
OK
OR
TN
UT
WA
AZ
SD
NM
VA
WY
MI
GA
KS
HI
TX
ME
MS
WI
NY
PA1
LA
KY
NC
SC
FL
NH
MA
RI
CT
NJ
DE
MD
VT
WV
Types
of
Authorized
Recipients
–
Judicial
and
Prosecutorial
Officials
Probable cause, search warrant,
subpoena, or other judicial process
in criminal cases
Pursuant to an active investigation
or prosecution
Upon request of the grand jury
Both judicial process or pursuant
to an active investigation
Upon request from judicial or
prosecutorial officials
1 The Pennsylvania provision pertains only to cases involving criminal investigations into violations of state or federal drug laws, health care fraud, or insurance
fraud statutes.
Probable cause, search warrant,
subpoena, or other judicial process
in criminal and civil cases
© 2014 The National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws (NAMSDL). Headquarters Office: 215 Lincoln Ave. Suite 201, Santa Fe, NM. 87501. This
information was compiled using legal databases, state agency websites and direct communications with state PDMP representatives.
D.C.

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CO
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IN
IA
MN1
MO
MT
NE
NV
ND
OH
OK
OR
TN
UT
WA
AZ
SD
NM
VA
WY
MI
GA
KS
HI
TX
ME
MS
WI
NY
PA
LA
KY
NC
SC
FL
NH
MA
RI
CT
NJ
DE
MD
VT
WV
Types
of
Authorized
Recipients
-­‐
County
Coroners,
Medical
Examiners,
and/or
State
Toxicologists
1 Minnesota has started a pilot program to allow access by county coroners and medical examiners.
County coroners and/or medical
examiners
State toxicologist
© 2014 The National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws (NAMSDL). Headquarters Office: 215 Lincoln Ave. Suite 201, Santa Fe, NM. 87501. This
information was compiled using legal databases, state agency websites and direct communications with state PDMP representatives.
D.C.

58. AK
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CA
CO
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IL
IN
IA
MN
MO
MT
NE
NV
ND
OH
OK
OR
TN
UT
WA
AZ
SD
NM
VA
WY
MI
GA
KS
HI
TX
ME
MS
WI
NY
PA
LA
KY
NC
SC
FL
NH
MA
RI
CT
NJ
DE
MD
VT
WV
Types
of
Authorized
Recipients
–
Medicare,
Medicaid
and/or
State
Health
Insurance
Programs
or
Health
Care
Payment/Benefit
Provider
or
Insurer
Medicare, Medicaid and/or
State Health Insurance Programs
Health Care Payment/Benefit
Provider or Insurer and
Medicaid, Medicare, and/or
State Health Insurance Programs
© 2014 The National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws (NAMSDL). Headquarters Office: 215 Lincoln Ave. Suite 201, Santa Fe, NM. 87501. This
information was compiled using legal databases, state agency websites and direct communications with state PDMP representatives.
D.C.

59. AK
AL
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CA
CO
ID1
IL
IN
IA
MN
MO
MT
NE
NV
ND
OH
OK
OR
TN
UT
WA
AZ
SD
NM
VA
WY
MI
GA
KS
HI
TX
ME
MS
WI
NY
1
PA
LA
KY
NC
SC
FL
NH
MA
RI
CT
NJ
DE
MD
VT
WV
Types
of
Authorized
Recipients
–
Pa@ent,
Parent
or
Guardian
of
Minor
Child,
Health
Care
Agent
or
Aorney
on
Behalf
of
Pa@ent
Patient or parent of minor child
Patient or parent of minor child
and health care agent
Patient or parent of minor child
and attorney on behalf of patient
Patient or parent of minor child,
health care agent and third party
with signed consent form
Patient or parent of minor child
and third party with signed
consent form
© 2014 The National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws (NAMSDL). Headquarters Office: 215 Lincoln Ave. Suite 201, Santa Fe, NM. 87501. This
information was compiled using legal databases, state agency websites and direct communications with state PDMP representatives.
D.C.
1
Beginning July 1, 2014, Idaho will change to patient or parent of minor child and third party with signed consent form.

60. AK
AL
AR
CA
CO
ID1
IL IN
IA
MN
MO
MT
NE
NV
ND
OH
OK
OR
TN
UT
WA
AZ
SD1
NM
VA
WY
MI
GA
KS
HI
TX1
ME
MS
WI
NY
PA
LA
KY
NC
SC
FL
NH
MA
RI
CT
NJ
DE
MD
VT
WV
States that Allow Practitioners to Designate an Authorized
Agent to Access the PMP Database
© 2014 The National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws (NAMSDL). Headquarters Office: 215 Lincoln Ave. Suite 201, Santa Fe, NM 87501.
This information was compiled using legal databases, state agency websites, and direct communications with state PDMP representatives.
1 Idaho and South Dakota only allow prescribers to designate an agent at this time.
D.C.

61. AK
AL
AR
CA
CO
ID
IL IN
IA
MN
MO
MT
NE
NV
ND
OH
OK
OR
TN
UT
WA
AZ
SD
NM
VA
WY
MI2
GA
KS
HI
TX
ME
MS
WI
NY
PA
LA
KY
NC1
SC
FL
NH
MA
RI
CT
NJ
DE
MD
VT
WV
Unsolicited
PMP
Reports/Info
to
Prescribers,
Pharmacists,
Law
Enforcement
and
Licensing
En@@es
To prescribers, pharmacists, law
enforcement and licensing entities (20)
To prescribers, pharmacists and law
enforcement only (4)
To prescribers, pharmacists and
licensing entities only (2)
To prescribers and pharmacists only (5)
To law enforcement and licensing
entities only (3)
To prescribers only (3)
Law enforcement only (2)
Licensing entities only (2)
To prescribers and law enforcement
only (1)
© 2014 The National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws (NAMSDL). Headquarters Office: 215 Lincoln Ave. Suite 201, Santa Fe, NM 87501.
This information was compiled using legal databases, state agency websites, and direct communications with state PDMP representatives.
Practitioners and licensing
entities only (1)
1 North Carolina provides unsolicited reports to the Attorney General who has the discretion to forward the
information to law enforcement.
2 Michigan send alerts to physicians when a patient surpasses the threshold but does not send the actual report.
D.C.

62. AK
AL
AR
CA
CO
ID
IL IN
IA
MN
MO
MT
NE
NV
ND
OH
OK
OR1
TN
UT1
WA
AZ
SD
NM
VA
WY
MI
GA
KS
HI
TX
ME
MS
WI
NY
PA
LA
KY
NC
SC
FL
NH
MA
RI
CT
NJ
DE
MD
VT
WV
Interstate
Sharing
of
Prescrip@on
Monitoring
Program
Data
Pursuant
to
Statute,
Regula@on,
and/or
Statutory
Interpreta@on
States that share data with other PMPs
States that share data with authorized
users in other states
States that share data with both
1 Oregon will only allow direct access to the PMP to practitioners in CA, ID, and WA.
© 2014 The National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws (NAMSDL). Headquarters Office: 215 Lincoln Ave. Suite 201, Santa Fe, NM. 87501. This
information was compiled using legal databases, state agency websites and direct communications with state PDMP representatives.
D.C.

63. Where to Learn More

64. Email: info@pdmpassist.org
Telephone: (781) 609-7741
Website: www.pdmpassist.org

65. RESOURCES
Controlled Substances
Agency Resource Directory
State PDMP Contacts

66. www.pmpexcellence.org

67. www.namsdl.org

68. www.pmpalliance.org

69. www.nascsa.org

70. Jim Giglio
PDMP Training and Technical Assistance Center
jgiglio@pdmpassist.com
David R. Hopkins
Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services
Dave.Hopkins@ky.gov