2. Historians have divided postwar Lithuanian resistance into three periods,
chronologically related to changes in Soviet leadership: that of Stalin (1944–1953),
of Khrushchev (1954–1964) and of Brezhnev (1964–1982).
3. The first period was characterized by stark guerrilla resistance, primarily that of the
“ Forest Brothers.”
In 1945 an estimated 30,000 armed men lived in small units in the woods, attacking and
harassing Soviet interior ministry forces, functionaries, and Lithuanian collaborators.
4. The main guerrilla units operated through 1948; by 1949 however they adopted
tactics more suitable to small conspiratorial groups and continued resistance until
destroyed sometime around 1952.
5. By the second period of postwar resistance (1954–1964), Lithuania had already lost
one sixth of its population due to deportations, war and resistance.
This period was characterized by a change in public attitudes: open resistance and
opposition turned into an attitude of exploiting, reforming and adjusting the system.
6. The Catholic Church possesses immense moral authority for its contributions to
Lithuanian history and culture and its consequent links with the very identity of the
nation.
The Catholic Church played a leading role in resisting the Soviets.
From the start the Soviets tried to neutralize the Church’ s power. A government
proposal to sever the Church’ s ties with the Vatican was vigorously resisted by the
clergy. Despite intimidation and seductive offers, not a single priest could be found
to support the initiative.
7. The government responded to the Church’ s noncompliance with deportations and
destruction of the Church hierarchy.
By 1947 only one elderly bishop, Kazimieras Paltarokas of Panevežys, was left in
Lithuania; others had been deported or killed
8. In 1978, a radical organization with the explicit goal of Lithuanian independence
was formed — The Lithuanian Freedom League (LFL). Founded by Antanas
Terleckas, the LFL was one of the first groups to raise publicly the issue of the
secret protocols of the Molotov - Ribbentrop Pact.
9. Romas Kalanta was a Lithuanian high school student known for his public
self-immolation protesting Soviet regime in Lithuania. Kalanta's death
provoked the largest post-war riots in Lithuania and inspired similar self-
immolations.
Kalanta became a symbol of the Lithuanian resistance through out the 1970s
and 1980s.
10. The term “ dissident” means a human who does not recognize the official ideology.
11. In 1970’ s dissidents started acting openly. They worked under the influence of the
Final Helsinki Act .
Raised problems
•Human rights irregularities
•Lithuanian occupation
12. Primary work of dissidents was writing statements to representatives of Soviet
government and international organizations.
13. In 1976 November was established the group of Helsinki to watch how SSRS
upholds the Helsinki meeting final Act.
14. The union of Lithuanian catholic
The union of young Lithuanian
