published by Indonesia Water and Sanitation Working Group. First edition on August 2003

2. Information Media for Water Supply and
Environmental Sanitation
From the Editor 1
Published by: Your Voice 2
Water Supply and Sanitation
Working Group Main Feature
World Water Day 2008, Putting Forward Sanitation Issues 3
Advisor:
The Celebration of World Water Day in Indonesia 4
Director General for Human Settlement,
Department of Public Works Sanitation Services Coverage per District/Municipal 2006 8
Sanitation Corner
Board of Trustee:
Director of Settlement and Housing, National International Year of Sanitation 2008 Launching in Philippine 10
Development Planning Agency Interview
Director of Water and Sanitation,
Ir. Susmono, Director of Settlement Environmental Sanitation
Ministry of Health
Director of Water Supply Development, Development, Department of Public Works: Integrated Program is
Department of Public Works Needed to Handle Sanitation 13
Director of Natural Resources and Appropriate
Technology, Director General on Village and Regulation
Community Empowerment, Ministerial Decree of Public Works No. 21/PRT/M/2006 on
Department of Home Affairs The National Policy and Strategy of Solid Waste Management System
Director for Facilitation of Special Planning
Environment Management, Development 14
Department of Home Affairs Insight
Chief Editor:
Measuring Diarrhoea with Figures 16
Oswar Mungkasa Rote Ndao Prioritizes Water Source Protection 18
Overview
Board of Editor:
Zaenal Nampira, Banjarmasin, City of Thousand Rivers and Latrines 20
Indar Parawansa, Revolving Latrine and Well 21
Bambang Purwanto
Reportage
Editor: Green Office 22
Maraita Listyasari, Rheidda Pramudhy, Inspiration
Raymond Marpaung, Fanny Wedahuditama
Greening Bintaro 23
Design/Illustrator: Reflection
Rudi Kosasih
Cipto Pratomo: Changing Waste into Art 24
Production: Our Guest
Machrudin Valerina Daniel (Environment Ambassador) 26
Distribution: Around WSLIC-2 28
Agus Syuhada Around ISSDP 30
Around WASPOLA 32
Address:
Jl. Cianjur No. 4, Menteng, Jakarta Pusat Around WSES 37
Phone/Fax.: 62-21-31904113 Program
http://www.ampl.or.id
e-mail: redaksipercik@yahoo.com
Toyota Echo Youth: Increasing Young Generation's Awareness 45
redaksi@ampl.or.id IATPI Clinic 47
oswar@bappenas.go.id CD Info 48
Unsolicited article or opinion items Book Info 49
are welcome. Please send to our address Website Info 50
or e-mail. Don't forget to be brief and
WSES Bibliography 51
accompanied by identity.
Agenda 52
Cover: RudiKoz DESIGN Glossary
idea by OM
Percik magazine can be accessed through WSS website http://www.ampl.or.id

3. FROM EDITOR
E
very year, since 16 years ago, eve-
ry 22nd of March, we celebrate
World Water Day (WWD). In line
with launching of International Year of
Sanitation (IYS) 2008, World Water Day
this year also puts forward sanitation
theme. In Indonesia, it was agreed that
the WWD's theme is "Sanitation Con-
serves Water and Environment". Turning
Sanitation as the theme of WWD is the
right decision regarding the condition of
sanitation in Indonesia, which is far from
adequate and feasible. Around 77 percent
of the population in Indonesia still do not
have access to safe and proper sanitation
facility. This amount is more or less 9 ti-
mes of Jakarta's population. Do not ex-
pect our water and environment conditi-
on would be healthy if our sanitation is
still a problem; when many of the popu-
lation still defecate openly; when most of
us have not fully understood the im-
portance of hand washing with soap as
the prevention of water borne diseases;
when solid waste is still disposed openly,
which become the source of diseases and
floods; when household's waste water is
let to be untaken care of, which also be-
come the source of diseases.
Meanwhile, it has become a hard fact
Water and Sanitation Networking booth during the exhibition of World Water Day 2008
that the awareness of the importance of at JIEXPO Kemayoran, Jakarta. Source: Bowo Leksono
sanitation is still far from adequate. The
fact of government's low priority in sani- ger the awareness of the decision-makers, holders within the Water and Sanitation
tation sector can be seen from the invest- and the society, it has to be done through Networking booth during the exhibition.
ment for the sector for the last 30 years, all necessary means and collectively. Wi- These stakeholders were universities
where the government only allocated Rp. thin this spirit, the national Water Supply such as Trisakti; NGO such as BORDA,
7.7 trillion, which means only Rp. 200,- and Environmental Sanitation (WSES) PLAN Indonesia and Yayasan Air Kita;
per capita per year. On the contrary, the working group with other stakeholders Association such as IATPI; Government
minimum requirement for a proper under the umbrella of Water and Sani- in form of WSES Working Group; Project
sanitation access is Rp. 46.000,- per capi- tation Networking Group participated in such as WSLIC-2, TSSM, ISSDP,
ta per year. the World Water Day Exhibition, which WASPOLA, JAS, ESP; activities such as
We have learned from our experi- was held by the Department of Public hand washing with soap. The message to
ences that the awareness of the importan- Works. The fact that sanitation has not be conveyed is that it is the time to handle
ce of sanitation would not be achieved by become the main concern has become the sanitation together. The improvement of
only sounding the fact that the economic trigger to motivate various stakeholders access to proper sanitation is not some-
loss caused by poor sanitation has caused to collectively synergize to improve the thing that is unreachable.
potential economic loss up to Rp. 60 tri- awareness of the importance of sanita- Congratulations on the World Water
llion, and the increase of the diarrhoea, tion. Day. May the celebration of it becomes
which further causes the death of The message that sanitation has be- the moment for all of us to stand together
100.000 children per year. come a collective matter is clearly conve- and synergize to improve the access of
We are starting to realize that to trig- yed in the representativeness of all stake- sanitation in Indonesia. Why not?
Percik
March 2008 1

4. YOUR VOICE
Source of information to send them to you periodically.
Regarding your journalistic back-
and Reference
ground, recently a WSES related inter-
media forum was established. If you
This media has given lots of inspira-
don't mind, could we have your email
tions and inputs for us in creating and
address to be included in our mailing list
improving the quality of water supply and
as our tools to exchange information and
environmental sanitation sector. We
to communicate. Thank you.
hope its existence can be the source of
information and reference for all of stake-
Thank you for
holders to address the problems in water
Percik Magazine
supply and environmental sector, which
eventually can support the achievement Dear Percik,
of Healthy Indonesia 2010 program. Alhamdullilah, we have receive Per-
cik magazine of August and December
Head of Community and Family
edition in fine condition. Thank you for
Empowerment Agency of Depok City
your attention and corporation.
Ir. Hendra Fristoto, MM
Wassalam.
Inputs for Percik Deny Helard
Regarding the substance of Percik, Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Andalas
here are some suggestions:
Kampus Limau Manis
a. Present the local wisdom in conser- Padang 25163
ving the water source; Interested in Percik
b. Present a profile and evaluation on the and WSES products Request for Percik
management of sanitation which is Hi, Delivery
implemented by the developer of Ru- I am a journalist working for one of
mah Sangat Sederhana (RSS), Ru- newspaper in Banten (Radar Banten). I Thank you for the answers to my
mah Sederhana (RS), and elite ho- am interested with the substance of questions (How to obtain Go Green
using, or organization and community Percik and book published by WSES School and The Adventur of Green
who care about sanitation issues; working group related to water supply books) in Percik December 2007. If we
c. Portrait of cities that succeed or and environmental sanitation. can get the copies, can they be sent to this
failed in managing sanitation. address:
Accordingly, I request to have Percik
Tauni Lidiawati
periodically, including the books pub-
Head of BAPEDALDA, Pusat Studi Lingkungan
lished by WSES working group to support
Province ofWest Sumatera Universitas Surabaya
Ir. Hermansyah, Dipl, SE., MM myself in writing articles on environmen-
Gedung TG Lt. IV
tal issues. Thank you for your attention.
Jl. Raya Kalirungkut
Dear Mr. Hermansyah, Surabaya 60293
Agus Priwandono
We are thankful for your constructi- Redaksi Radar Banten Thank you for your help.
ve inputs. Of course it will be helpful if Jl. Letnan Jidun No. 7 Tuani Lidiawati
Serang Banten PSL Ubaya
there is information regarding this and
Dear Mr. Priwandono,
we will be gladly to publish the articles
Thank you for appreciation on our Dear Ms. Tuani,
for those three topics you have sugges-
Percik and WSES products. We will try We will try to send you the copies.
ted. Thank you.
2 Percik
Maret 2008

5. M A I N F E AT U R E
World Water Day 2008
PROMOTING SANITATION ISSUES
W
orld Water Day is one of the
international days, which de- WORLD WATER DAY THEMES
clared by United Nations
Concern on water resources is everybody's
(UN) and commemorated every 22nd of
business (1994)
March. The designation of World Water Water and Women (1995)
Day is based on the Resolution A/RES/ Water for Dry Cities (1996)
47/1993 during the 47th United Nations' World's Water, Is it enough? (1997)
Ground water - invisible sources (1998)
Conference on 22nd of December 1992,
Everybody lives in the Hilir (1999)
which acted as the conformity of the re- Water for 21st century (2000)
commendation of chapter 18 of Agenda Water and Health (2001)
21 from the United Nations Conference Water for Development (2002)
Water for the Future (2003)
on Environment and Development
Water and Disaster (2004)
(UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro or popularly Water for life (2005)
known as Earth Summit. The World Wa- Water and culture (2006), and;
ter Day was to be observed starting from Addressing water scarcity (2007).
1993 in every United Nations country
member, including Indonesia. sanitation condition leads to economic cordingly, making sanitation as impor-
Officially, World Water Day is orga- and financial cost, including direct health tant issues need to be done in a sustain
nized by UN-Water, which every year de- cost, income loss as the result of decrea- manner by involving all stakeholders,
termine its theme. World Water Day's sing productivity, and government's bud- particularly the local government, com-
theme for 2008 is to promote sanitation get allocation for health services. Other munity, households, and private sector.
issues, which coincide with the declara- than causing time loss, the impact also The sanitation mainstreaming at the
tion of 2008 as the International Year of causes decreasing income from the national level and the prioritization of sa-
Sanitation (IYS). In Indonesia, the theme tourism sector. The point is that when we nitation in the national policy and strate-
of World Water Day is "Sanitation Con- do not do anything, the cost that we have gy are the initial steps. The international
serves Water and Environment". All of to pay is to high; (iii) Sanitation contri- partnership will improve and increase the
the world's societies are encouraged to butes to social development. Sanitation investment and open-up opportunities of
commemorate World Water Day with fo- has significant impact on the children de- new technological options available.
cus on the sanitation issues, which is far velopment and their future; (iv) Sani- Nevertheless, this is the time to act.
from adequate, both quantitatively and tation helps the environment. Proper sa- Let's together improve sanitation sector,
qualitatively. nitation reduces the environmental bur- all of us without exception.
den, improves the natural resources' sus-
Sanitation Messages tainability, and gives better opportunity For further information
Related to World Water Day, There for healthier future; (v) Sanitation is on World
are 5 sanitation messages that needs to be achievable. It's time to act. Households, http://www.unwater.org/worldwa-
carefully observed, (i) Sanitation is vital communities, local and national govern- terday/flashindex.html
for health. Human faeces are the main ments, civil society, and private sector http://www.worldwaterday.org
source of Diarrhoea pathogen. Without http://worldwaterday.net
need to work together.
http://www.pu.go.id/Publik/IND
proper sanitation facility, the health con-
Event/HariAir2008
dition of every single person is thre- What needs to be done? http://www.ampl.or.id
atened; (ii) Sanitation is a good economic Great efforts are needed for sanitation
investment. Health impact of the poor issues to receive sufficient attention. Ac- OM (from various resources)
Percik
Maret 2008 3

6. MAIN FEATURE
World Water Day XVI 2008
Commemoration in Indonesia
E
very year, Indonesia has never been left behind in cele-
brating World Water Day, which is observed every 22nd
of March. This year, the national committee for World
Water Day (WWD) 2008 had prepared a series of activities,
which was triggered by the launching of WWD 2008 on the 5th
of February 2008 at Department of Public Works.
In general, the agenda which was held by the national com-
mittee consist of awareness on water campaign and internation-
al year of sanitation, conferences, community movement,
encouragement of regional WWD, WWD exhibition, and
publication & documentation.
Exhibition and Conferences
One of the activities in celebrating WWD XVI 2008 at the
national level is exhibition and conference on water and sanita-
tion (Indonesia exhibition and conferences for WWD 2008).
The exhibition, which was held for three days from 27th-29th
March 2008, at Jakarta International Expo (JIEXPO), was held
by department of Public Works.
WWD this year brought forward the theme of "sanitation",
which is in line with the launching of International year of
Sanitation 2008. Accordingly, the theme of WWD at the nation-
al level is Sanitation Conserves Water and Environment.
The minister of Public Works, Djoko Kirmanto, in his open-
ing remarks of the exhibition reminded the danger of waste
against water sources. "It will be relevant with the condition of
our sanitation, which is poor, not to mention our water condi-
tion that is in critical condition" he said.
According to Djoko, speaking about water and sanitation is
everybody's business. He explained that the investment in water Source: Bowo Leksono
and sanitation sector is still less than 10 percent of the total 36
trillion of Public works' budget. "Ideally it should be 30 percent, Conference on "Sanitation Conserves Water and
as for the other physical projects the budget have reached more Environment"
than 50 percent. For that reason, support from all the local go- The conference was specifically held by the Directorate of
vernments and the stakeholders are needed" he revealed. Water Source, Department of Public Works, in between the Ex-
To mark the opening of the exhibition and conferences, the hibition with theme on Sanitation Conserve Water and En-
minister cut the ribbon and visited every booth. One of the vironment, on the 27th March 2008 in the Rinjani Hall, JIEX-
booths was the joint booth of Water and Sanitation Networking PO.
Indonesia, which provide various product information related to The conference presented four key speakers, which divided
water and environmental sanitation. It was planned that the into two main topics. The first two key speakers were Mu-
peak of the WWD 2008 would be in the form of joint agreement hammad Khalid Arya of ISSDP, focusing on "the Role of Provin-
to improve sub river basin, which was going to be held in Be- cial Government in Developing Sanitation Program", and Pri
ngawan Solo, early April 2008. Joewono Guntoro, Chief of Sub Agency of Water Source
4 Percik
March 2008

7. MAIN FEATURE
Management Program of Central Java, ter sources. "The success of water sources particularly the decision-makers in order
focusing on "The Community Technical restoration depend on the success of cre- to give sanitation higher priority in the
Assistance in Conserving Water Source ating community behavioural change to- development. "Beside, related to water
Towards Participatory Water Source wards the surrounding environment" he source management, concrete actions are
Management". Oswar Mungkasa of said. needed, including sanitation" he
Bappenas moderated the first session. The topic for the second session were explained.
In his presentation, M. Khalid ques- on the "Bio Pore Holes to Reduce The
tioned the need of sanitation. According Surface Run-off and Solid Waste, and to Conference on Final Solid Waste
to him, sanitation gives great impact on Improve Soil Fertility" by Kamir Brata, Processing Facility (FSWPF)
the water sources, economically, health, Department of Soil Sources, Bogor Ins- This conference was also meant to ob-
and livelihood quality. "According to the titute of Agriculture; and "Utilization of serve the International Year of Sanitation
data, 50 out of 1000 people die because of Domestic Solid Waste Processing Tech- 2008, on 24th March 2008, in Jakarta,
poor sanitation" he said. nology for Biogas on MCK++ (Techno- held by Department of Public Works,
M. Khalid explained that Indonesia's logy Buffled Reactor & Biogas Digester), through the Directorate of Envi-
sanitation problems are the ineffective by Irwansyah Irdus, Chief of RW 08, Ke- ronmental Sanitation Settlement Deve-
use of available sanitation facilities, bu- lurahan North Petojo, sub district of lopment. Through the conference, several
reaucracy gap between central and dis- Gambir, Central Jakarta. Dina Hendra- technologies and latest innovations in
trict, which makes Provincial government wan of Trisakti University moderated this managing the FSWPF were introduced
plays an important role, sectoral ap- session. and discussed.
proach in sanitation development, low The conclusion of both sessions were Ayako Tanaka and Yasushi Matsufuji,
priority for sanitation and minimal budg- was delivered by Agus Suprapto, who, in researchers of Graduate School of
et allocation for sanitation sector deve- general, stated that sanitation is not only Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Fu-
lopment. related to the provision of physical facili- kuoka University, Japan, presented the
Meanwhile, Pri, who is involved in ri- ty, but also related closely to the beha- studi on "Biodegradation Process of Mu-
ver restoration and conservation sector, vioural change of the community and the nicipal Solid Waste by Semi-aerobic
continuously raise the awareness on wa- change of perspective of the stakeholders, Landfill Type". In general, the study was
aimed to obtain the difference between
biodegradation processes on landfill
anaerobic and semi-aerobic types.
The result shows that the use of semi-
aerobic type proves to be more useful in
maintaining the environmental func-
tions. On the other sessions, both rese-
archers also presented "Concept of Safety
Closure and Reuse of Completed Landfill
sites", which in general explains the pro-
cess, steps and indicators needed in uti-
lizing landfill disposal facility safely.
Another interesting discussion oc-
curred in the session with focus on the
case study of Clean Development Mecha-
nism (CDM) project in Malaysia, presen-
ted by the several researcher represen-
tatives from several institution: Fukuoka
University, Tokyu Construction Co. Ltd,
National Institute for Environmental Stu-
dies, New Energy and Industrial Techno-
logy Development Organization (NEDO).
Overall, the study is aimed to obtain
the answers to the challenges of CDM
project in term of the changing of anaero-
bic condition towards semi-aerobic con-
Source: Bowo Leksono dition or speed up the stabilization of
Percik
Maret 2008 5

8. MAIN FEATURE
landfill disposal facility by using steel pi- of its partner. riverbank, speech competition on WWD
pe casing method. Hamong, as the national coordinator at the High school level.
The benefits in implementing this of KRuHA argue that the breaking of the The establishment of the subscriber
method are: (i) earlier achievement of contract should be directed towards the complaint centre is meant as the com-
stable state for poorly managed landfill returning of the rights of water to the pu- mintment of WSCF and YKI of North
disposal facility; (ii) reduction of environ- blic through PAM Jaya. "For this reason, Sumatera to protect the existence of
mental pollution; (iii) contribute to beside the management and financial as- water subscriber to receive their norma-
improvement of environmental support pects, including the work force, prepa- tive rights as stated in the Law of
capacity in anticipating the global warm- ration on the political side is needed" he Customer No. 8 1999.
ing. said. Meanwhile, the Clean River Aware-
Meanwhile, the issue on Rehabilita- ness campaign gives the knowledge and
tion-Reclamation of final solid waste dis- The Commemoration of World understanding to all the community on
posal facility was presented by Prof. Ir. Water Day XVI in the the importance of the cleanliness of the
Enri Damanhuri of Bandung Institute of Regional Level river. The river is not meant as the gar-
Technology. As for the head of Sanitation bage bin, and there is a great danger on
agency of Pontianak,the presentation was Water Subscriber Communication health caused by a polluted river. As for
focusing on the management of final solid Forum (WSCF) Established Sub- the speech competition, 200 students
waste disposal facility based on the CDM scriber Complaint Centre from high school in Medan city, with
principles. In order to celebrate the WWD 2008, "save my river from pollution" as the the-
All of the efforts cannot stand alone, WSCF together with YLKI of North Su- me, joined it. It aims to increase the awa-
rather, they need to be implemented inte- matera established subscriber complaint reness and responsibility of young gene-
gratedly by the community in form of 3R centre and would held a series of activi- ration, particularly the youth in conser-
principles (reduce, reuse and recycle), ties in River Cleaning Movement (RCM) ving the river and to enable them to dare
and the governments are required to im- package, which would be started on the to say "War on River Pollution".
plement the eco-labelling principle 26th February - 26th March 2008.
through the improvement of environ- Azri SMAK as the chief of WSCF sta- Commemoration of WWD 2008 in
mental friendly material use by pro- ted that the activities are, among others, Lampung
ducers. Clean River Awareness campaign to all In the province of Lampung, the cele-
the community in the Sunggal-Belawan bration of WWD 2008 was conducted on
KRuHA In Action During WWD 2008
Not only with seminars and work-
shops, the WWD 2008 also celebrated
with an action from one of NGOs which
are concerns with the condition of water
in Indonesia. The People's Coalition for
The Rights of Water (PCRW/KRuHA -
Koalisi Rakyat untuk Hak Atas Air), an
NGO, performed demonstration in front
of the Presidential Palace and RRI
Jakarta building on Saturday, 22nd
March 2008.
The Demonstration was begun with a
long march from the Horse statue of Mer-
deka Street up to the Presidential Palace.
The demonstrators refuse all kinds of pri-
vatization of water sources. They felt that
the government is selling water resources
to the private sectors through water
privatization.
Based on that, KRuHA forced the pro-
vincial government of DKI Jakarta to
cancel or break the contract of water sup- One-day workshop on Sanitation Conserves Water and Environment at JIEXPO, Jakarta.
ply services, which are controlled by both Source: Bowo Leksono
6 Percik
March 2008

9. MAIN FEATURE
the 26th March 2008, located in Adipura Monument Boulevard
(Elephant Boulevard), Raden Intan Street, Bandar Lampung.
The activity was held by Lampung Post daily newspaper and Co-
ca Cola, in collaboration with BPDAS Way Seputih Way Sekam-
pung, Forest Agency of Lampung Province, Mapala of Bandar
Lampung University, IAIN Raden Intan, and Water Boards of
Bandar Lampung city.
The celebration was filled with distribution of plant seeds to
the community of highway user, who were driving through the
boulevard. The distribution of the seeds was based on the theme
of the activity, which is "Water for Life. Save Water by Planting
Trees".
With the commemoration of WWD, it is expected that all sta-
keholders pay their attention on how to: maintain the quality of
environment; revitalize the forest's functions as water reservoir,
revitalization of ground water as the source of clean water for
most of Indonesian's population and so forth; ensure water avai-
lability for community in term of quantity and quality. It can be
started from each individuals by saving water in daily use.
One-Day Workshop in Bandung Institute of Techno- Source: Fanny Wedahuditama
logy (ITB)
In celebrating the WWD 2008, Bandung Institute of Techno- The lessons learned from the regional cooperation, which
logy in collaboration with the Directorate of Settlement, Depart- has been accommodated in the 2004 joint agreement by the go-
ment of Public Works, held a one-day workshop with theme of vernor of West Java, Head of District of Bandung, Sumedang
"Water and Sanitation Appreciation in Kawasan budi Daya, Now and the mayor of Bandung and Cimahi, in ensuring the sustain-
and The Future", on the 31st March 2008, West Hall, ITB. able development of cekungan (water catchment area) in Ban-
The workshop was officially started by the Rector of ITB, dung shows the intended active participation. 12 key speakers
which was followed by a short film on water and its condition in supported the workshop, which was divided in three sessions.
2070. Director General of Cipta Karya, Ir. Budi Yuwono, explained At the end of the workshop, Prof. Djuli Soemirat delivered
on the importance of strategic policy for sustainable development the conclusion of all 12 topics, which was not a new thing in the
in the Urban and Rural Area. He advises active participation from water and sanitation sector. "The development of water and
all stakeholders to support sustainable development. environmental Sanitation sector needs to be accompanied by the
change of behaviour towards clean and healthy living, and
changing behaviour towards environment" he said. Beside that,
LOCAL WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMENTAL technological aspect alone will not be sufficient to produce sus-
WORKING GROUP'S ACHIEVEMENT tainable development.
Several key words in this workshop in principal are coordi-
Following the agreement of Policy Implementation Consolidation work- nation, integration and consistencies, hygiene and environmen-
shop in Bali on 2nd - 6th March 2008, several local WSES working groups have
participated in celebrating the WWD 2008 in their own districts. tal education from early stage, and community-based approach.
The provincial WSES working group of West Sumatera in collaboration
with WASPOLA held a workshop on communication strategy for the develop- Community Movement and WWD Appreciation
ment of community-based water and environmental sanitation on 25-27 March
2008. Selected as the implementation of this activity was the dis-
The provincial WSES working group of Central Java has held a talk show trict and city of Tangerang, on 12th April 2008. Related with the
in Female radio 106,1 FM, with Agung Tejo Prabowo (Provincial WSES working Sanitation theme, several strategic places were visited, which are
group of Central Java) and Unicef's representative. On the second week of
April, a celebration of WWD in big events was planned, with agenda, among SANIMAS in Sepatan village, sub district of Kedaung Wetan,
others, visits to community, media gathering and conferences. MCK ++ at Jatake, and community-based solid waste manage-
In the district of Serang, the local government has held a ceremony of ment in Mustika Tigaraksa estate.
WWD on the 31st March 2008. Beside that, banners were also posted in sev-
eral strategic points in Serang city. Further, the publication of article by As for the other activities, there were several activities such
Serang's WSES working group on WWD in Radar Banten newspaper also being as blood donor at Department of Public Works and community
done. movement on Hand Washing with Soap, which was held toge-
In Sumbawa, NTB, the WSES working group also celebrated WWD by post-
ing a big ballyhoo on Water and Sanitation Campaign ther with activities in SANIMAS location, Sepatan village.
BW/OM/FEW/berbagai sumber
Percik
March 2008 7

10. MAIN FEATURE
Sanitation Services Coverage*
Based on Districts/Cities in Indonesia 2006
NO NAME OF DISTRICT/CITY SERVICE COVERAGE (%) NO NAME OF DISTRICT/CITY SERVICE COVERAGE (%) NO NAME OF DISTRICT/CITY SERVICE COVERAGE (%)
1 City of Banda Aceh 93.33 71 City of Lhoksumawe 59.46 141 City of Banjar 41.40
2 City of Semarang 93.27 72 District of Sidenreng Rappang 59.30 142 District of Poso 41.39
3 City of Tegal 91.94 73 District of Pinrang 59.28 143 City of Sibolga 40.80
4 City of Madiun 90.31 74 District of Indramayu 58.89 144 District of S I A K 40.78
5 City of Yogyakarta 89.58 75 City of Langsa 58.83 145 District of Sumedang 40.71
6 City of Mojokerto 88.28 76 District of Toba Samosir 58.60 146 District of Bandung 40.63
7 City of Cimahi 87.38 77 District of Tangerang 57.78 147 District of Banyumas 40.56
8 City of Medan 86.88 78 City of Pematang Siantar 57.73 148 District of Pati 40.31
9 City of Pontianak 86.68 79 District of Gresik 56.84 149 District of Tapanuli Utara 40.25
10 City of Cirebon 86.67 80 City of Manado 56.63 150 City of Bima 40.10
11 City of Surakarta 86.56 81 District of Aceh Besar 56.58 151 District of Tegal 40.02
12 City of Jakarta Selatan 86.50 82 District of Magetan 56.46 152 District of Demak 39.95
13 City of Jakarta Utara 86.03 83 City of Bau-bau 55.68 153 District of Asahan 39.90
14 City of Pekan Baru 85.14 84 City of Pekalongan 55.21 154 District of Labuhan Batu 39.65
15 City of Depok 84.42 85 City of Samarinda 55.07 155 District of Kepulauan Sangi 39.25
16 City of Jakarta Timur 83.31 86 City of Probolinggo 54.16 156 District ofTeluk Bintuni 39.06
17 City of Balikpapan 82.74 87 City of Kendari 54.06 157 District of Serang 38.97
18 City of Bekasi 82.26 88 District of Kulon Progo 53.67 158 District of Madiun 38.90
19 City of Denpasar 81.25 89 District of Minahasa Selatan 53.12 159 District of Jayapura 38.66
20 City of Jakarta Pusat 80.94 90 District of Barru 52.72 160 District of Cilacap 38.49
21 City of Pare-pare 80.21 91 District of Bekasi 52.68 161 District of Subang 38.46
22 City of Tebing Tinggi 80.10 92 City of Palopo 52.65 162 District of Langkat 38.09
23 City of Jambi 79.96 93 District of Gowa 52.42 163 District of Kediri 37.97
24 City of Palangka Raya 78.16 94 City of Tarakan 52.28 164 District of Jepara 37.53
25 District of Badung 78.08 95 District of Majalengka 52.21 165 District of Grobogan 37.33
26 City of Ambon 78.06 96 City of Lubuklinggau 52.14 166 District of Temanggung 37.23
27 City of Blitar 77.97 97 City of Prabumulih 51.66 167 District of Sikka 37.02
28 City of Bukittinggi 77.50 98 District of Hulu Sungai Utara 51.53 168 District of Karimun 36.91
29 City of Bontang 77.00 99 District of Bangka 51.43 169 District of Malang 36.85
30 City of Magelang 75.99 100 District of Cirebon 51.11 170 City of Sawah Lunto 36.85
31 District of Gianyar 75.88 101 District of Biak Numfor 50.87 171 District of Bogor 36.83
32 City of Makassar 75.65 102 District of Bangka Tengah 50.85 172 District of Bulukumba 36.79
33 City of Jakarta Barat 75.61 103 City of Pasuruan 50.45 173 District of Boyolali 36.73
34 City of Surabaya 74.11 104 District of Minahasa 50.37 174 District of Ciamis 36.73
35 City of Palu 72.57 105 District of Purworejo 50.10 175 District of Pekalongan 36.73
36 City of Padang 72.43 106 District ofSorong Selatan 49.74 176 District of Sragen 36.56
37 District of Sidoarjo 72.26 107 City of Gorontalo 49.54 177 District of Brebes 36.51
38 District of Sleman 71.90 108 City of Metro 49.48 178 District of Magelang 36.40
39 City of Kediri 71.72 109 District of Serdang Bedagai 49.22 179 District of Bolaang Mongondow 36.30
40 City of Ternate 71.22 110 City of Payakumbuh 49.17 180 District of Nganjuk 36.26
41 District ofSorong 71.06 111 District of Mojokerto 48.65 181 District of Pangkajene Kepulauan 36.07
42 City of Pangkal Pinang 70.72 112 District of Mimika 48.17 182 District of Sumbawa Barat 35.84
43 City of Malang 69.68 113 District of Minahasa Utara 47.89 183 District of Kampar 35.72
44 City of Bandar Lampung 69.32 114 District of Bangka Barat 47.34 184 District of Aceh Tamiang 35.72
45 City of City of Jayapura 68.85 115 City of Bitung 47.19 185 District of Belitung 35.63
46 District of Klungkung 68.27 116 District of Kebumen 47.16 186 City of Tomohon 35.61
47 City of Salatiga 67.23 117 District of Semarang 47.12 187 District of Pidie 35.60
48 City of Tidore Kepulauan 65.56 118 City of Mataram 46.88 188 District of Bengkayang 35.40
49 District of Klaten 65.53 119 City of Bandung 46.77 189 District of Bangli 35.36
50 District of Sukoharjo 65.44 120 Kepulauan Riau 46.43 190 District of Simalungun 34.60
51 City of Binjai 65.11 121 District of Kolaka 46.32 191 District of Kerinci 34.45
52 City of Palembang 64.81 122 District of Takalar 45.90 192 City of Singkawang 34.42
53 City of Tangerang 63.82 123 District of Lamongan 45.88 193 District of Karawang 34.31
54 City of Sabang 63.80 124 City of Tanjung Pinang 45.74 194 District of Belitung Timur 33.81
55 District of Deli Serdang 63.64 125 District of Ogan Komering Ulu 45.73 195 District of Agam 33.80
56 City of Padang Panjang 62.47 126 District of Jombang 45.61 196 District of Karang Asem 33.68
57 City of Banjar Baru 62.28 127 District of Karo 45.44 197 District of Kepulauan Talau 33.39
58 City of Bogor 61.84 128 City of Batu 44.44 198 District of Lampung Selatan 33.38
59 City of B A T A M 61.69 129 District of Halmahera Tengah 44.11 199 District of Buton 33.27
60 District of Karanganyar 61.68 130 City of Banjarmasin 44.07 200 District of Muara Enim 33.19
61 District of Buleleng 61.26 131 District of Penajam Paser Utara 43.85 201 District of Sambas 32.99
62 City of D U M A I 61.20 132 District of Tulungagung 43.83 202 District of Humbang Hasundu 32.71
63 City of Solok 60.94 133 District of Maros 43.80 203 District of Banyuwangi 32.58
64 City of Cilegon 60.93 134 District of Purwakarta 43.69 204 District of Samosir 32.22
65 District of Kuningan 60.83 135 District of Ponorogo 43.28 205 District of Sumbawa 31.89
66 District of. Jembrana 60.69 136 District of Berau 43.05 206 District of Mamuju Utara 31.72
67 District of Tabanan 60.04 137 District of Bangka Selatan 43.01 207 District of Halmahera Timur 31.56
68 City of Bengkulu 59.95 138 District of Bengkalis 42.17 208 District of Banyu Asin 31.47
69 City of Tanjung Balai 59.87 139 District of Enrekang 41.89 209 District of Kendal 31.46
70 District of Kudus 59.78 140 District of Halmahera Utara 41.49 210 District of Dairi 31.36
8 Percik
March 2008

11. MAIN FEATURE
NO NAME OF DISTRICT/CITY SERVICE COVERAGE (%) NO NAME OF DISTRICT/CITY SERVICE COVERAGE (%) NO NAME OF DISTRICT/CITY SERVICE COVERAGE (%)
211 District of Selayar 31.17 287 District of Bengkulu Utara 22.25 363 District of Alor 14.20
212 District of Aceh Tengah 31.02 288 District of Pandeglang 22.10 364 District of Bone Bolango 14.19
213 District of Aceh Utara 30.97 289 District of Luwu Timur 22.05 365 District of Barito Kuala 14.09
214 District of Trenggalek 30.94 290 District of Wakatobi 21.86 366 District of Pasir 14.08
215 District of Bulongan 30.91 291 District of Kepulauan Sula 21.75 367 District of Situbondo 13.98
216 District of Padang Pariaman 30.87 292 District of Sawahlunto/sijunjung 21.67 368 District of Bima 13.91
217 District of Pemalang 30.82 293 District of Pakpak Barat 21.63 369 District of Nunukan 13.86
218 District of Toli-toli 30.76 294 District of Gunung Kidul 21.62 370 District of Lingga 13.78
219 District of Rejang Lebong 30.75 295 District of Pohuwato 21.28 371 District of Sampang 13.59
220 District of Barito Timur 30.72 296 District of Jember 21.25 372 District of Pacitan 13.56
221 District of Purbalingga 30.63 297 District of Flores Timur 21.04 373 District of Aceh Tenggara 13.33
222 District of Luwu Utara 30.59 298 District of Batang 20.85 374 District of Raja Ampat 13.20
223 District ofSorong 30.56 299 District of Sarolangun 20.85 375 District of Bengkulu Selatan 13.07
224 District of Aceh Barat 30.27 300 District of Nagan Raya 20.76 376 District of Lima Puluh Koto 13.02
225 City of Kupang 30.26 301 District of Lumajang 20.55 377 District of Merauke 12.98
226 District of Parigi Moutong 30.24 302 District of Maluku Tengah 20.51 378 District of Simeulue 12.24
227 District of Kotawaringin Barat 29.87 303 District of Bangkalan 20.48 379 District of Indragiri Hilir 12.18
228 District of Ogan Ilir 29.79 304 District of Sinjai 20.27 380 District of Kaur 11.84
229 District of Barito Selatan 29.65 305 District of Ogan Komering Ilir 20.21 381 District of Barito Utara 11.68
230 District of Blitar 29.43 306 District of Lebak 20.20 382 District of Tanah Laut 11.64
231 District of Pasuruan 29.33 307 District of Kepulauan Riau 20.18 383 District of Keerom 10.94
232 District of Bantaeng 29.21 308 District of Mukomuko 20.15 384 District of Kepulauan Aru 10.89
233 District of Kutai 28.86 309 District of Lombok Barat 20.11 385 District of Paniai 10.80
234 District of Bungo 28.59 310 District of Mamuju 20.10 386 District of Gunung Mas 10.58
235 District of Banggai 28.29 311 District of Sukabumi 20.08 387 District of Maluku Tenggara 10.44
236 City of Padang Sidempuan 28.26 312 District of Bombana 20.01 388 District of Belu 10.12
237 District of Bone 28.18 313 District of Tapin 19.99 389 District of Bondowoso 10.08
238 District of Lembata 27.94 314 District of Teluk Wondama 19.79 390 District of Melawi 10.03
239 District of Wonosobo 27.40 315 District of Majene 19.77 391 District of Manokwari 9.96
240 City of Tasikmalaya 27.10 316 District of Kendari 19.68 392 District of Natuna 9.92
241 District of Tanggamus 27.02 317 District of Musi Banyu Asin 19.65 393 District of Kuantan Singing 9.71
242 District of Seram Bagian Barat 26.79 318 District of Donggala 19.63 394 District of Sumenep 9.50
243 District of Tebo 26.77 319 District of Ende 19.55 395 District of Tasikmalaya 9.39
244 District of Halmahera Barat 26.74 320 District of Sanggau 19.42 396 District of Kapuas Hulu 9.13
245 District of Banjar 26.50 321 District of Batang Hari 19.15 397 District of Probolinggo 9.00
246 District of Aceh Singkil 26.47 322 District of Gorontalo 19.13 398 District of Jayawijaya 8.97
247 District of Dompu 26.28 323 District of Pasaman Barat 18.81 399 District of Tanjung Jabung 8.41
248 District of Pontianak 26.26 324 District of Dharmasraya 18.74 400 District of Manggarai Barat 8.37
249 District of Bireuen 26.01 325 District of Nabire 18.69 401 District of Seruyan 8.10
250 District of Rembang 25.71 326 District of Halmahera Selatan 18.26 402 District of Sukamara 7.79
251 District of Tana Toraja 25.52 327 District of Muna 18.07 403 District of Sintang 7.36
252 District of Seluma 25.41 328 District of Bener Meriah 17.86 404 District of Lampung Barat 7.26
253 District of Polewali Mamasa 25.41 329 District of Lombok Timur 17.79 405 District of Mamasa 7.08
254 District of Rokan Hulu 25.24 330 District of Ogan Komering Utara 17.61 406 District of Pamekasan 7.08
255 District of Kutai Timur 25.02 331 District of Kepulauan Seribu 17.50 407 District of Landak 6.96
256 District of Balangan 25.00 332 District of Lampung Tengah 17.48 408 District of Timor Tengah Utara 6.90
257 District of Wonogiri 24.95 333 District of Kutai Barat 17.44 409 District of Kupang 6.41
258 City of Pagar Alam 24.73 334 District of Solok 17.34 410 District of City of Baru 6.28
259 District of Tojo Una-una 24.67 335 District of Tanah Datar 17.20 411 District of Asmat 6.25
260 District of Blora 24.45 336 District of Kepahiang 17.18 412 District of Seram Bagian Timur 6.09
261 District of Soppeng 24.39 337 District of Cianjur 17.15 413 District of Lamandau 6.06
262 District of Lampung Utara 24.36 338 District of Musi Rawas 17.14 414 District of Tanah Bumbu 5.99
263 District of Aceh Timur 24.25 339 District of Pasaman 17.08 415 District of Sarmi 5.73
264 District ofKaimana 24.07 340 District of Muaro Jambi 16.97 416 District of Mandailing Natal 5.65
265 District of Buol 23.89 341 District of Ogan Komering Utara 16.93 417 District of Nias 5.41
266 District of Aceh Selatan 23.88 342 District of Konawe Selatan 16.85 418 District of Manggarai 5.32
267 District of Jeneponto 23.85 343 District of Ngawi 16.83 419 District of Kepulauan Mentawai 4.31
268 District of Hulu Sungai Selatan 23.83 344 District of Aceh Jaya 16.82 420 District of Way Kanan 4.28
269 District of Tulangbawang 23.82 345 District of Malinau 16.59 421 District of Rote Ndao 3.65
270 District of Fak-Fak 23.75 346 District of Tapanuli Selatan 16.40 422 District of Lebong 3.37
271 District of Merangin 23.74 347 City of Pariaman 16.30 423 District of Katingan 3.31
272 District of Lampung Timur 23.48 348 District of Aceh Barat Daya 15.81 424 District of Pulang Pisau 2.81
273 District of Ketapang 23.43 349 City of Sukabumi 15.75 425 District of Ngada 2.64
274 District of Buru 23.43 350 District of Indragiri Hulu 15.43 426 District of Kotawaringin Timur 2.51
275 District of Lahat 23.22 351 District of Solok Selatan 15.34 427 District of Nias Selatan 2.49
276 District of Morowali 23.16 352 District of Gayo Lues 15.32 428 District of Sumba Barat 2.13
277 District of Tuban 23.04 353 District of Sumba Timur 15.12 429 District of Timor Tengah Selatan 1.82
278 District of Wajo 22.96 354 District of Lombok Tengah 14.94 430 District of Puncak Jaya 1.79
279 District of Tanjung Jabung 22.94 355 District of Tapanuli Tengah 14.94 431 District of Sekadau 0.86
280 District of Kolaka Utara 22.71 356 District of Kapuas 14.81 432 District of Murung Raya 0.65
281 District of Bojonegoro 22.66 357 District of Garut 14.72 433 District of Mappi 0.52
282 District of Pesisir Selatan 22.63 358 District of Maluku Tenggara 14.55 434 District of Yahukimo 0.00
283 District of Banggai Kepulauan 22.61 359 District of Pelalawan 14.49 435 District of Pegunungan Bintuni 0.00
284 District of Tabalong 22.59 360 District of Rokan Hilir 14.49 INDONESIA 40.67
285 District of Boalemo 22.41 361 District of Hulu Sungai Tengah 14.46
286 District of Luwu 22.39 362 District of Banjarnegara 14.38
*) Percentage of septic tank as the faeces final disposal Source: Statistic Bureau
Percik
March 2008 9

12. TSI CORNER2008
Launching of International Year of Sanitation 2008 in Philiphine
HUMBLE BUT MERRY
W
hen receiving offer from Eco-Asia Program to parti-
cipate the launching of International Year of
Sanitation (IYS) 2008 in Philippines, what was
being imagined was a huge launching. On the contrary, the event
was held in a humble manner in a small city of Mandaluyong, a
part of Manila's Metropolitan, but it was held in a merry and
inspirational mood. This article tries to describe the situation of
IYS launching.
Launching in Three Sessions
The launching of IYS 2008 was centred in Mandaluyong city,
Metro Manila, in the sessions, which was started at the city level,
and then national level and ended at the school level.
The launching at the city level was held in a sport field that
was turned into a stage. The selection of Monday as the day and
the sport field as the location for the launching was not decided
without a good reason. Mandaluyong city was chosen based on
the Mandaluyong's Mayor position as the chief of League of
Cities of The Philippines/LCP. It was expected that other city
members could also be inspired. Meanwhile, the selection of
Monday as the launching day was based on the routine activities
of all cities, where all mayors and all of the staff conduct a meet- The stage was built in a simple but interesting manner.
Source: OM
ing with the community. It was expected that during the launch-
ing, many people would participate in the weekly meeting. On The main agenda is to promote hand washing with soap
that day, in line with the launching, commemoration of WASH (HWwS), which would conducted together by the mayor, minis-
(water, sanitation and hygiene) Promotion day also would be ters, miss Earth of Philippines, miss pageant of Mandaluyong,
held. and WASH captain, who was the icon of WASH campaign). The
At the national level, the event was held in the city hall, and promotion on HWwS was conducted in front of the audience
attended by minister of Health, minister of Environment and who were mostly students and mass media. The launching was
Natural Resources of Philippine, Philippine congressional mem- officially closed by a press conference that was attended by 10
ber; also act as the chairman of committee on Ecology, UNDP electronic and print mass media.
representatives, and Mayor of Mandaluyong. On that occasion,
the mayor emphasized the importance of the municipal and dis- Activities' Momentum
trict government to adopt sanitation program to avoid the cost Different with Indonesia that came late in preparing the
of poor sanitation. Meanwhile, the congress members empha- commemoration of IYS 2008, Philippine have prepared a series
sized their commitment to support sanitation program. Other of activities far before it is due. Holding the Philippine
than that, several important documents were launched, such as Sanitation Summit I 2006 soon after the United Nations (UN)
book of Sanitation Condition of East Asia, Manual for Faeces declared year 2008 as the International Year of Sanitation began
and Domestic Wastewater treatment, Study on Sanitation the series of activities. The next several activities were meant to
Economic Impact in Philippines, and Sanitation Info Kit. maintain the momentum of the coming activities such as
After the launching in the city hall, the participants moved to Regional Sanitation Summit 2007: Region XI and XII in Davao
the next launching location, which is in one the school nearby. city, 26-27 June 2007, and the East Asia Ministerial Conference
10 Percik 2008
March

13. TSI CORNER2008
on Sanitation and Hygiene (EASan) in The holding of IYS 2008 launching
Beppu, Japan, 30 November - 1 SANITATION was also supported by many stakehold-
December 2007. FACTS IN PHILIPPINE ers, such as WSP - World Bank, USAID,
During EASan, Philippine's delega- SIDA, GTZ, WHO, PLAN International,
Around 20 million people do
tion planned the signing of Action and City Association, including several of
not have safe access to sanita-
Agenda by the Philippine's President, its member.
tion
which mainly states the declaration of In Indonesia, the commemoration of
In average, 31 under-five die
2008 as the International Year of every day of diarrhoea IYS 2008 is coordinated by department
Sanitation, as well as declaring the fourth Cost of poor sanitation reaches of Public Works by involving all stake-
week of June as the Sanitation Week. Rp. 19,5 Trillion or equal to holders from the government as well as
However, until the last minute of the 1,5% of Philippine's GNP 2005 the non-government components; how-
launching event, there was no sign of (Economics of Sanitation Initi- ever, the involvement from the donors is
signing activity as mentioned previously. ative/ESI) still need to be increased.
The Launching Theme and Motto
Another thing that is different with The main motto of IYS 2008 in
Indonesia is that the planning and organ- Philippine have prepared Philippine is "Sanitation is the Solution".
ization of the IYS 2008 launching in a series of activities far Concise, clear and firm. Several other key
Philippine was implemented by The before it is due. Holding the messages that were already prepared
Philippine Ecological Sanitation Network Philippine Sanitation were (i) sanitation is vital for human
(PEN), an informal network consists of Summit I 2006 soon after the health; (ii) sanitation generates economic
central government, donors, benefits; (iii) sanitation contributes to
United Nations (UN) declared
program/project, universities and NGOs. dignity and social development; (iv) sani-
year 2008 as the International
The network was considered to be suc- tation helps the environment; and (v)
Year of Sanitation began
cessful in holding the event of The improving sanitation is achievable.
Philippine Sanitation Summit 2006
the series of activities.
together with Health Department and Stakeholders Involvement
UNICEF also contributed in term of
Environmental and Natural Resources During the launching, many stake-
advocacy activities and the improvement
Department of Philippine. Meanwhile, holders were involved in the process.
of public awareness.
Starting from the Pageant Queen, who
was specifically prepared to light up the
event; Captain WASH, who is the mascot
of behaviour change campaign, school
children, until the community themselves
were parading. The queen's involvement
did not stop in the first day, but they also
had received training on sanitation and
other related aspects. It was clearly
expressed when the queen was inter-
viewed by the media. She could give
inspirational answers not the normative
ones, as the government officials usually
answer.
The involvement of community needs
to be given appreciation. In the form of
banners full with their handwriting,
many of the community's feelings and
expectation towards sanitation were
Source: OM being expressed. One of them is by
Percik
March 2008 11

14. TSI CORNER2008
encouraging hand washing with soap,
proper toilet use, or simply by saying wel-
come to the IYS 2008, and many more.
The most surprising thing was the
involvement of Manila Water, a company
who receive water supply concession for
eastern part of Manila, who was very
active during the event. The company was
very active, from preparing the convert-
ible vehicles, water tank truck, and even
participated in the press conference.
Parliament Support
The participation of one of the parlia-
ment member, who is also the chairman
of Committee of Ecology of Philippine
and the chairman of Philippine delega-
tion for EASan in Japan, showed a strong One of the demonstration tools of proper 3 dimension toilet. Source: OM
support from the legislative.
dling, Transport, Treatment and Disposal donors with other stakeholders. This was
of Domestic Sludge and Septage" by reflected since the event of Philippine
Sambil Menyelam Minum Air
Health Department of Philippine; (iii) Sanitation Summit 2006. This condition
The launching of IYS 2008 was also
Sanitation study by WSP-EAO World was possible because of the establishment
related to other activities such as the
Bank, and ECO-Asia Program USAID; of Philippine Ecological Sanitation
WASH campaign, Hand Washing with
and (iv) Information Kit on Sanitation by Network (PEN), which is the place of
Soap Promotion, launching and dissemi-
Local Initiatives for Affordable coordination between donors, govern-
nation of several books and document of
Wastewater Treatment (LINAW) USAID. ment, NGOs and other stakeholders.
many stakeholders. At least, there were
Different with what happen in Indonesia,
several books and documents to be noted
Close Corporation Among Donors which recently established donor group
(i) publication of "Universal Sanitation in
and between Donors with Stake- for sanitation, known as Sanitation
East Asia: Mission Possible?" by WSP-
holders Donor group, coordinated by World
WHO-UNICEF; (ii) manual on "Opera-
One of many interesting things from Bank. None of its activities are being con-
tion Manual on The Rules and Regu-
the success of IYS 2008 launching was ducted.
lations Governing the Collection, han-
the close corporation among and between
Dreaming of Sanitation
Coming back from the launching
event, many expectations come up, or
should they be called sanitation dreams.
How Indonesia can hold an event, inter-
national and national event, in a humble
manner, but merry, rather than huge and
extravagance but does not has any mean-
ing? How Indonesia will have a forum to
facilitate donors, and between donors
and other stakeholder? How the legisla-
tive can give support and attention to
Sanitation, which is the basic needs of
every human being. And still many more
The Community is very enthusiastic in waiting for the convoy of IYS 2008 dreams...... (OM)
while holding a banner. Source: OM
12 Percik
March 2008

15. INTERVIEW
Ir Susmono
INTEGRATED PROGRAM
TO ADDRESS SANITATION
ficient budget allocation by the central,
It seems Indonesia's complex sanitation problems will not provincial and district/municipal govern-
be solved in the near future. This sector is not considered as
ment, and of course the community. On
priority of the development by the decision-maker. Not to
mention the difficulties in trying to obtain higher allocation to
the implementation, the planning, imple-
address sanitation issues. mentation and post-construction stages
Increasing awareness and commitment for the decision- have to be integrated.
makers and all other stakeholders is very much needed, beside
keep on hammering all of the stakeholders with the clean and What are the constraints?
healthy living behaviour campaign. How is the condition and
Some of the crucial constraints are:
the role of stakeholders in addressing sanitation issues in
a. Limited capacity of budget, where
Indonesia? Below is the interview between Percik and Director
of environmental Sanitation Settlement Development, Directorate of Settlement, sanitation still receives low priority.
Department of Public Works, Ir. Susmono. b. Weak coordination, particularly in
the district level, where everything
H
ow is the condition of sanita- process of water supply and environ- in general is still partial-oriented.
tion in Indonesia nowadays? mental sanitation sector;
There are several progress, particular- b. The limited capacity of the govern- What have your department
ly on the increasing rate of access to water ment in providing the proportional done about this?
supply and environmental sanitation, budget allocation for water supply As the substantial role of the depart-
which is indirectly has impact on the and environmental sanitation; ment, our department is oriented more
improvement of community's health c. The lack of policy and regulation on towards the community empowerment
level. This performance is supported by the management of hidden potential aspects within the development of sanita-
the data of Statistical bureau 2002, where within the community; tion. These are being done through facili-
the proportion of household using toilets d. Low priority on the environmental ty activities, trainings of stakeholders in
and septic tank is up to 63,5 percent sanitation sector. the district with a hope that they will be
(urban 78 percent, rural 52 percent) and the main stakeholders in their region in
the Indonesia's water supply condition is Who is actually responsible for socializing and facilitating sanitation pro-
only at + 45 percent. However, if we com- the poor sanitation in Indonesia? gram.
pare with other countries in South East All of us are responsible for this. The
Asia, particularly Malaysia, Singapore government of Indonesia, right from the How ready is Indonesia in
and Thailand, we are still way behind. central government to the provincial, dis- reaching MDGs targets 2015 for
trict, municipal government, and also the sanitation sector?
What are the factors that influ- community as the users are being held The government of Indonesia has
ence the poor sanitation condition responsible for the poor performance on estimated of 77 percent of the target. It
in Indonesia? sanitation. can only be achieved if the government
In general, the factors that influence put sanitation as the priority and backed
our poor sanitation condition are: How to address it? up by sufficient funding - which is now
a. Inefficiency and ineffectiveness of One of the solution is by developing only 2 percent of the total national budg-
investment in the development an integrated program supported by suf- et - to achieve the target. Bowo Leksono
Percik
March 2008 13

16. REGULATION
Ministerial Decree of Public Works
No. 21/PRT/M/2006 on The National Policy
and Strategy of Solid Waste Management
Development (NPS-SWMD)
T
he decrease of solid waste management performance in
these recent years has been influenced by the restruc-
ture of Indonesian government during reformation era,
regional autonomy, and economic crises that had happened in
all Indonesia. The change of policy focus in urban infrastructure
development, the strengthening of autonomy ego, the decrease
of regional funding, the decrease of community's income level
and awareness have become the trigger of the urban environ-
mental degradation, including the urban solid waste issue.
The degradation of the performance is shown by the
decrease of human resources capacity caused by the personnel
replacement that have never received any training in solid waste
sector; unclear status of solid waste management organization
caused by the maximum and minimum pattern policy change of
every agency; less budget allocation for solid waste manage-
ment, less income retribution; less services; less quality of waste
facilities, which most of them have become open dumping facil-
ities causing the increase of social friction; irresponsible solid
waste processing, which cause deaths, as the land slide case hap-
pened in Leuwigajah and Bantar Gebang solid waste facilities;
the absent of sanction for littering, and so forth.
Until now all process of solid waste processing ends in the
final waste facility, causing more burdens to the waste facility.
Beside the need of a large space, the cost of maintaining and the
environment also becoming more expensive. It all happens
because the initiative to reduce waste from the source itself has
not been done, including the separation of dangerous waste
Source: Bowo Leksono
(toxic waste) at the domestic/household level.
Dublin principles, Rio Agreement, Kyoto Protocol on the Clean
Based on the regulations in Indonesia, government has to
Development Mechanism.
provide a solid waste management system services that follows
the technical, economic, and environmental principles.
In order to achieve these goals, and as the follow up of the
The government of Indonesia has also been involved in rati-
Government Regulation No. 16/2005 on the development of
fying many international commitments, which have to be ful-
water supply system; therefore, a strong and realistic national
filled by every dignified country. The commitments cover,
policy and strategy on solid waste management system develop-
among others, Agenda 21 on the decrease of solid waste
ment was formulated and used as the guidance for central and
processed in the waste facilities (3R/reduce-reuse-recycle),
14 Percik
March 2008

17. REGULATION
regional government to improve the solid waste can be properly managed; approach is not new, because it has been
waste management system in a sustain- c. The community will have the ability applied in developed country and suc-
able and environmental friendly manner. to maintain its health level since ceeded in improving the efficiency of
there is no potential solid waste to solid waste management significantly.
Objectives turn into contagious diseases, such By reducing solid waste right from its
The national policy and strategy is as diarrhoea, typhus, dysentery and source, the burden of a city can be
meant as the guideline in formulating the so forth; and also other environmen- reduced and the budget and facilities can
technical policy, planning, programming tal pollution such as water, air and be utilized more efficiently. The burden
and other activities related to solid waste soil pollution; caused by pollution can be reduced and
management, whether it is at the depart- d. The community and private sector helps to maintain the environment.
ment level, non-department level, region- have the chance to participate in The global targets of the national pol-
al government, or the community and the managing the solid waste, therefore, icy and strategy of solid waste manage-
private sector. As for the objective, the receive the benefits. ment refer to the measured targets of the
national policy and strategy is aimed to national mid-term development planning
achieve the solid waste development tar- In order to fulfil the vision of Solid 2004-2009 (RPJMN 2004-2009), and
gets through planning, programming and waste management Development, Several MDGs' targets, as well as other target
other integrated, effective and efficient missions have been formulated: measured targets. In addition to that, it
activities. 1. Reducing the volume of solid waste also refers to other normative targets
The policy is used as the guideline for for sustainable solid waste manage- such as the government regulation No. 16
controlling, holding and developing envi- ment Year 2005 on the development of system.
ronmental friendly solid waste manage- 2. Increase the coverage and quality of
ment system at the central and regional service of the solid waste manage- More Elaboration
level, according to the local context. ment system The national policy and strategy of
Meanwhile, for the technical arrange- 3. Empowers the community and solid waste management system is still
ment and more detail guideline, the rele- increase participation of private sec- need to be elaborated into detail action
vant agencies need to develop further. tor plan by many stakeholders in solid waste
4. Improves the management capabili- management sector, so that the vision can
Vision and Mission ty and institutionalization in the be achieved.
To achieve a healthy and prosperous solid waste management system in The technical elaboration or interpre-
society in the coming future, a healthy line with the good and corporate tation through the preparation of regula-
environment is needed. From the health governance principle tions, planning, programming, imple-
aspect, the word health means a condi- 5. Mobilizes funding from various mentation and monitoring and develop-
tion that can only be achieved if waste can recourses for the solid waste man- ment management will be conducted at
be managed properly from within the agement system development every level of government, centrally and
human settlement. 6. Enforcing the law and consolidates locally.
In general, urban an rural area that the regulation to improve solid Further, there is the need to have an
receive proper solid waste management waste management system agreement between central and local
have condition as the following: action plan in implementing the national
a. All the community will have access New Approach policy and strategy of solid waste man-
to solid waste management services A new approach has to be understood agement development, as well as its coor-
for the daily activities at the house- and followed by knowing that solid waste dination mechanism. The pattern of com-
hold level, up to the public level; can be reduced, reused, and recycled. munity and private sector participation is
b. The community will have clean envi- This approach is known as the 3R still need to be elaborated based on the
ronment settlement since the solid (reduce, reuse, recycle). Actually, this needs at the central and local level. BW
Percik
March 2008 15