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The Final Countdown...

The Devil is in the Detail
The importance of comprehensive and legally binding
criteria for arms transfers
Summary
• In the absence of an ATT at least
  US$2.2billion worth of arms and
  ammunition has been imported by countries
  under arms embargoes between 2000 and
  2010;

• To have real impact, the ATT must include
  legally binding criteria that prevent arms
  transfers to abusers of human rights, or into
  situations where there is a substantial risk that
  they will undermine development or
  exacerbate armed violence;

• The ATT can build on existing regional and
  sub-regional initiatives: as of 2012, 100
  countries are already party to various regional
  agreements on the sale of arms
Why is it important?
1. Stopping human rights abuses
The lack of robust and legally binding obligations governing the sale and transfers of
  arms allows those perpetrating human rights abuses to continue to stock their arsenals.
2. The failure of embargoes and other instruments to prevent arms
   transfers
Oxfam’s estimate that US$2.2 billion worth of arms was imported by states in
  contravention of embargoes is conservative – the actual amount is likely to be much
  higher.
3. Ensuring clear guidance on legal obligations
The ATT must include unambiguous legal obligations and clear guidance to member
  states.
4. Minimising opportunities for the misuse of arms
Unambiguous guidelines for governments making risk assessments when considering the
  transfer of arms and ammunition are critical to the success of the ATT
How could the ATT help?
        • The ATT must create a legally binding
          instrument that includes a comprehensive
          set of risk-assessment criteria for all future
          arms transfers. The criteria must be
          unambiguous, and legally binding. Without
          this, the status quo will not change.
        • Legally binding criteria enacting high
          standards are not an anomaly: 100
          countries that are party to various
          regional mechanisms have already
          agreed to robust, legally binding criteria
          to control the trade of arms and
          ammunition.
        • A Comprehensive Framework: A
          comprehensive global mechanism is long
          overdue. The current patchwork of
          regulations creates anomalies
Three main ways to
achieve a robust ATT:
1.   Language of ‘shall not’
If the ATT is to have any significant humanitarian value it must emphasise
      prohibitive language. Where this will matter most is in the wording of the
      criteria, meaning the individual and contextual considerations that allow
      or deny specific arms transfer requests.

4.   Comprehensive criteria linked to ‘shall not’
Binding criteria that prevent arms transfers to abusers of human rights, or into
     situations where there is a substantial risk that they will undermine
     development or exacerbate armed violence including GBV.
•    Global standards must not be lower than existing regional and
     multilateral agreements
The criteria for arms transfers in the ATT must be wholly consistent with – and
     no less ambitious than – existing mechanisms.

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The Final Countdown: The devil is in the detail

  • 1. The Final Countdown... The Devil is in the Detail The importance of comprehensive and legally binding criteria for arms transfers
  • 2. Summary • In the absence of an ATT at least US$2.2billion worth of arms and ammunition has been imported by countries under arms embargoes between 2000 and 2010; • To have real impact, the ATT must include legally binding criteria that prevent arms transfers to abusers of human rights, or into situations where there is a substantial risk that they will undermine development or exacerbate armed violence; • The ATT can build on existing regional and sub-regional initiatives: as of 2012, 100 countries are already party to various regional agreements on the sale of arms
  • 3. Why is it important? 1. Stopping human rights abuses The lack of robust and legally binding obligations governing the sale and transfers of arms allows those perpetrating human rights abuses to continue to stock their arsenals. 2. The failure of embargoes and other instruments to prevent arms transfers Oxfam’s estimate that US$2.2 billion worth of arms was imported by states in contravention of embargoes is conservative – the actual amount is likely to be much higher. 3. Ensuring clear guidance on legal obligations The ATT must include unambiguous legal obligations and clear guidance to member states. 4. Minimising opportunities for the misuse of arms Unambiguous guidelines for governments making risk assessments when considering the transfer of arms and ammunition are critical to the success of the ATT
  • 4. How could the ATT help? • The ATT must create a legally binding instrument that includes a comprehensive set of risk-assessment criteria for all future arms transfers. The criteria must be unambiguous, and legally binding. Without this, the status quo will not change. • Legally binding criteria enacting high standards are not an anomaly: 100 countries that are party to various regional mechanisms have already agreed to robust, legally binding criteria to control the trade of arms and ammunition. • A Comprehensive Framework: A comprehensive global mechanism is long overdue. The current patchwork of regulations creates anomalies
  • 5. Three main ways to achieve a robust ATT: 1. Language of ‘shall not’ If the ATT is to have any significant humanitarian value it must emphasise prohibitive language. Where this will matter most is in the wording of the criteria, meaning the individual and contextual considerations that allow or deny specific arms transfer requests. 4. Comprehensive criteria linked to ‘shall not’ Binding criteria that prevent arms transfers to abusers of human rights, or into situations where there is a substantial risk that they will undermine development or exacerbate armed violence including GBV. • Global standards must not be lower than existing regional and multilateral agreements The criteria for arms transfers in the ATT must be wholly consistent with – and no less ambitious than – existing mechanisms.