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Joint Hop-by-hop and Receiver-Driven
Interest Control Protocol for
Content-Centric Networks

      Massimo Gallo (Orange labs),
      joint work with:
      Giovanna Carofiglio (Bell Labs),
      Luca Muscariello (Orange labs).

      CCNxCon 2012 - September 13th, 2012 - Sophia Antipolis
AGENDA



1.  Transport issues in CCN
2.  Receiver-driven Interest control
3.  Hop-by-hop Interest control: design and analysis
4.  Performance Evaluation
5.  Hop-by-hop Interest control: benefits
6.  Conclusions
CCN Transport - KEY ASPECTS
                                          UNIQUE ENDPOINT
                                          AT THE RECEIVER
                                          No connection instantiation,
                                          multiple senders for the same
               CACHE       CACHE
                                          content retrieval, unknown a priori
                                          at the receiver
    CACHE
                                          PULL-BASED POINT TO
                                   REPO   MULTIPOINT RETRIEVAL
                                          Interests for the same content
                                          retrieval can be forwarded in a
                    Data                  point-to-multipoint fashion: better
 USER         CACHE        CACHE          throughput, better traffic load
                                          balancing if multiple sources in
        Interests                         parallel

                                          MULTIPLE SOURCES
                                          Data can be retrieved by multiple
    CACHE                                 repositories, but also intermediate
                                          caches


               CACHE       CACHE
CCN congestion control mechanisms
@ the receiver

CCN receiver is the unique flow endpoint:

•  knows application requirements, end-to-end round trip delay per packet
   retrieval, receiver buffer (flow size)

•  is the best place where to control content retrieval over multiple paths

@ network nodes

CCN nodes know Interest/Data rates of flows (identified by content name)
per interface:

•  Interest/Data traverse the same nodes in opposite directions

•  provide hop-by-hop Interest control

•  handle bursty traffic and react faster
Receiver-driven Interest Control Protocol (ICP)
DESIGN

•  One Interest per Data packet, in the order decided by the application

•  Window-based Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease (AIMD):

    !  W is increased by !/W at each Data packet reception

    !  W is decreased by "W at each timer expiration (a timer is set
    at the receiver for each Interest sent out) and no more than once in
    a time interval equal to the timer duration

•  Adaptive timer expiration value, ! , based on RTT estimates over a
history of samples

! reflects the average virtual RTT and may be associated to a path
Hop-by-Hop Interest Control - OBJECTIVES

Basic Idea
If Interest rate> fair rate at a given interface, one can queue and delay
Interests at output interface to reduce Data queuing at the bottleneck


Interest control at network node:

•  anticipate congestion detection by
monitoring Interest/Data rate

•  trigger rate reduction via Interest
shaping before timer expiration at the
receiver.

•  control PIT entries according to
Upstream resources
Hop-by-Hop Interest Control - DESIGN


•  One virtual queue per flow at each
   output interface, identified by the
   content name

•  One credit counter per virtual queue
   initialized to B Data bytes that the
   flow can transmit with no additional
   delay

•  The counter is:
    •  incremented at the estimated fair rate
    •  decremented by forwarded Interests
Hop-by-Hop Interest Control - DESIGN (cont’d)

                                 @ interest arrival
Shaping algorithm:
                            (after CS/PIT/FIB lookup)


                     No           bottlenecked           Yes
                                        ?
                                                     queueInterest in a
             send Interest                          drop tail FIFO served
         (no additional delay)                             at !i(t)


Shaping rate:


    •            is the rate of non-bottlenecked flows (total rate of non shaped
                 flows, counting the size of the corresponding Data packets)

•                is the # of bottlenecked flows (# of non empty queues)

"
Hop-by-Hop Interest Control - ANALYSIS




Main Result
We prove that HR-ICP is stable and converges to the max-min fair rate
of ICP, where the shaping queue Qsi (t) replaces Qi(t) in the ICP system
Performance Evaluation
Impact of Interest Control on User Performance
•  Implementation oh Interest shaping mechanism in CCNPL-Sim
   (C++ event driven simulator for the CCN architecture)

• Two hops network, single content retrieval. ICP vs constant window, w or w/
o Hop by Hop Interest control:
                              Interest   Delivery Time Throughput Losses
Results                       Window           [s]       [Mbps]      [%]
•  Hop-by-hop Interest        W [pkts]
                                         With    W/o    With W/o With W/o
                                         HbH     HbH    HbH HbH HbH HbH
Shaping is not enough
                              2           2.42   2.42   16.30 16.30   0    0
•  Interest shaping reduces   10          1.00   1.00   39.70 39.60   0    0
Data packet losses            15          1.00   2.08   39.60 19.20   0   11.20
                              20          1.00   1.90   39.60 20.90   0   15.30
                              ICP         1.00   1.00   39.80 39.80   0    0
Performance Evaluation
The benefits of HR-ICP over ICP
                             Repositor          Three flows:
                             y                  •  2 ICP (t1=0s, t1=0.5s)
   C1= 100Mbps       C2= 40 Mbps
                                                •  CBR (t=1s - avg 40Mbps).




Results
•  HR-ICP queues Interests before the bottleneck link (Q1s not Q2, Q2 is zero )
•  ICP flows almost not affected w H2H, get the fair rate, W slightly reduced
•  Greedy CBR flow looses (CBR rate - fair rate)
Performance Evaluation
Prioritization of real-time and delay sensitive traffic
                         Repositor                              Repositor
                         y                                      y
      C1= 100Mbps       C2= 40 Mbps       C3= 100 Mbps   C4= 20 Mbps

Three flows:
•  ICP 1 bottlenecked at 4 (t=0s),
•  ICP 2 bottlenecked at 2 (t=0.5s),
•  4 Interests in batch every 10ms
   (t=0.5s, avg 5Mbps - peak 100
   Mbps).

Results:
•  HR-ICP queues Interests before
   bottleneck,
•  ICP flows almost not affected, while
   the new flow gets priority along the
   request path.
HBH Interest shaping - benefits

"  Interest not Data Control
"  Early Congestion Detection
"  Protection from misbehaving receivers
"  Scalability/Feasibility
"  Delay-sensitive flows protection
"  No interest losses
"  Additional traffic control opportunities
Conclusions
We show that
#  Hop-by-hop Interest shaping enhances rate and congestion control
   performance
#  Compared to alternative solutions for CCN Interest control, our
proposal brings additional benefits due to:
   $    the coupling with a rate/fairness optimal receiver control,
   $    the positioning of Interest shaper at output interfaces,
   $    the shaping mechanism based on Data max-min fair rate.


Future works
definition of traffic control mechanisms for the management of a multipath
communication, coupled with an Interest forwarding policy.
Questions


CCN Simulator soon available at: http://perso.rd.francetelecom.fr/
 muscariello/sim
 http://code.google.com/p/ccnpl-sim

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CCNxCon2012: Session 5: Interest Rate Control for Content-Centric Networking

  • 1. Joint Hop-by-hop and Receiver-Driven Interest Control Protocol for Content-Centric Networks Massimo Gallo (Orange labs), joint work with: Giovanna Carofiglio (Bell Labs), Luca Muscariello (Orange labs). CCNxCon 2012 - September 13th, 2012 - Sophia Antipolis
  • 2. AGENDA 1.  Transport issues in CCN 2.  Receiver-driven Interest control 3.  Hop-by-hop Interest control: design and analysis 4.  Performance Evaluation 5.  Hop-by-hop Interest control: benefits 6.  Conclusions
  • 3. CCN Transport - KEY ASPECTS UNIQUE ENDPOINT AT THE RECEIVER No connection instantiation, multiple senders for the same CACHE CACHE content retrieval, unknown a priori at the receiver CACHE PULL-BASED POINT TO REPO MULTIPOINT RETRIEVAL Interests for the same content retrieval can be forwarded in a Data point-to-multipoint fashion: better USER CACHE CACHE throughput, better traffic load balancing if multiple sources in Interests parallel MULTIPLE SOURCES Data can be retrieved by multiple CACHE repositories, but also intermediate caches CACHE CACHE
  • 4. CCN congestion control mechanisms @ the receiver CCN receiver is the unique flow endpoint: •  knows application requirements, end-to-end round trip delay per packet retrieval, receiver buffer (flow size) •  is the best place where to control content retrieval over multiple paths @ network nodes CCN nodes know Interest/Data rates of flows (identified by content name) per interface: •  Interest/Data traverse the same nodes in opposite directions •  provide hop-by-hop Interest control •  handle bursty traffic and react faster
  • 5. Receiver-driven Interest Control Protocol (ICP) DESIGN •  One Interest per Data packet, in the order decided by the application •  Window-based Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease (AIMD): !  W is increased by !/W at each Data packet reception !  W is decreased by "W at each timer expiration (a timer is set at the receiver for each Interest sent out) and no more than once in a time interval equal to the timer duration •  Adaptive timer expiration value, ! , based on RTT estimates over a history of samples ! reflects the average virtual RTT and may be associated to a path
  • 6. Hop-by-Hop Interest Control - OBJECTIVES Basic Idea If Interest rate> fair rate at a given interface, one can queue and delay Interests at output interface to reduce Data queuing at the bottleneck Interest control at network node: •  anticipate congestion detection by monitoring Interest/Data rate •  trigger rate reduction via Interest shaping before timer expiration at the receiver. •  control PIT entries according to Upstream resources
  • 7. Hop-by-Hop Interest Control - DESIGN •  One virtual queue per flow at each output interface, identified by the content name •  One credit counter per virtual queue initialized to B Data bytes that the flow can transmit with no additional delay •  The counter is: •  incremented at the estimated fair rate •  decremented by forwarded Interests
  • 8. Hop-by-Hop Interest Control - DESIGN (cont’d) @ interest arrival Shaping algorithm: (after CS/PIT/FIB lookup) No bottlenecked Yes ? queueInterest in a send Interest drop tail FIFO served (no additional delay) at !i(t) Shaping rate: •  is the rate of non-bottlenecked flows (total rate of non shaped flows, counting the size of the corresponding Data packets) •  is the # of bottlenecked flows (# of non empty queues) "
  • 9. Hop-by-Hop Interest Control - ANALYSIS Main Result We prove that HR-ICP is stable and converges to the max-min fair rate of ICP, where the shaping queue Qsi (t) replaces Qi(t) in the ICP system
  • 10. Performance Evaluation Impact of Interest Control on User Performance •  Implementation oh Interest shaping mechanism in CCNPL-Sim (C++ event driven simulator for the CCN architecture) • Two hops network, single content retrieval. ICP vs constant window, w or w/ o Hop by Hop Interest control: Interest Delivery Time Throughput Losses Results Window [s] [Mbps] [%] •  Hop-by-hop Interest W [pkts] With W/o With W/o With W/o HbH HbH HbH HbH HbH HbH Shaping is not enough 2 2.42 2.42 16.30 16.30 0 0 •  Interest shaping reduces 10 1.00 1.00 39.70 39.60 0 0 Data packet losses 15 1.00 2.08 39.60 19.20 0 11.20 20 1.00 1.90 39.60 20.90 0 15.30 ICP 1.00 1.00 39.80 39.80 0 0
  • 11. Performance Evaluation The benefits of HR-ICP over ICP Repositor Three flows: y •  2 ICP (t1=0s, t1=0.5s) C1= 100Mbps C2= 40 Mbps •  CBR (t=1s - avg 40Mbps). Results •  HR-ICP queues Interests before the bottleneck link (Q1s not Q2, Q2 is zero ) •  ICP flows almost not affected w H2H, get the fair rate, W slightly reduced •  Greedy CBR flow looses (CBR rate - fair rate)
  • 12. Performance Evaluation Prioritization of real-time and delay sensitive traffic Repositor Repositor y y C1= 100Mbps C2= 40 Mbps C3= 100 Mbps C4= 20 Mbps Three flows: •  ICP 1 bottlenecked at 4 (t=0s), •  ICP 2 bottlenecked at 2 (t=0.5s), •  4 Interests in batch every 10ms (t=0.5s, avg 5Mbps - peak 100 Mbps). Results: •  HR-ICP queues Interests before bottleneck, •  ICP flows almost not affected, while the new flow gets priority along the request path.
  • 13. HBH Interest shaping - benefits "  Interest not Data Control "  Early Congestion Detection "  Protection from misbehaving receivers "  Scalability/Feasibility "  Delay-sensitive flows protection "  No interest losses "  Additional traffic control opportunities
  • 14. Conclusions We show that #  Hop-by-hop Interest shaping enhances rate and congestion control performance #  Compared to alternative solutions for CCN Interest control, our proposal brings additional benefits due to: $  the coupling with a rate/fairness optimal receiver control, $  the positioning of Interest shaper at output interfaces, $  the shaping mechanism based on Data max-min fair rate. Future works definition of traffic control mechanisms for the management of a multipath communication, coupled with an Interest forwarding policy.
  • 15. Questions CCN Simulator soon available at: http://perso.rd.francetelecom.fr/ muscariello/sim http://code.google.com/p/ccnpl-sim