The document is an economics presentation about price effect. It defines price effect as the change in demand in response to a change in price of a commodity, with other factors held constant. Price effect is the sum of the substitution effect and income effect. The substitution effect occurs when consumers substitute cheaper goods for more expensive goods to maximize satisfaction at a fixed income level. The income effect depends on whether a good is normal, inferior, or a Giffen good, and how changes in real income from price changes affect demand for that good.