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New Challenges, Tools, and Opportunities in
Planning for Healthy Transportation


Jeremy Nelson, Principal
NelsonNygaard Consulting Associates
Pro Walk / Pro Bike / Pro Place Conference
Long Beach | 9/11/2012




                                              1
Image source: Jan Gehl




                         Image source Jan Gehl
#16 New Challenges, Tools, and Opportunities in Planning for Healthy Transportation - Nelson
Image source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report, 2011
Image source: www.vtpi.org/future.pdf
Image source: US Bureau of Strategic Economics
Source: Center for Disease Control, 2010
Excerpted from Evaluating Public Transportation Health Benefits, by Todd Litman, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, for The American Public Transportation Association,
June 2010.
Excerpted from Evaluating Public Transportation Health Benefits, by Todd Litman, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, for The American Public Transportation Association, June
2010.
January	
  22,	
  2010	
  
Costs of Pedestrian-Vehicle Collisions
(San Francisco, 2004-2008)
                                            	
  Total	
  Cost	
  	
  
       Collision	
  Year	
                                              2008	
  Popula7on	
       	
  Cost	
  Per	
  Capita	
  
                                          (2008	
  Dollars)	
  
               2004	
                      $11,257,143	
  	
                 840,462	
                    $13.39	
  	
  
               2005	
                      $13,480,653	
  	
                 840,462	
                    $16.04	
  	
  
               2006	
                      $16,574,113	
  	
                 840,462	
                    $19.72	
  	
  
               2007	
                      $17,673,297	
  	
                 840,462	
                    $21.03	
  	
  
               2008	
           General Plan Update
                                           $15,358,023	
  	
                 840,462	
                    $18.27	
  	
  


 Total	
  Cost	
  for	
  5	
  years	
      $74,343,229	
  	
                 840,462	
                    $88.46	
  	
  



      Total	
  Cost	
  
 Adjusted	
  for	
  Infla7on	
  	
         $171,000,000	
  	
  
    (2008	
  dollars)	
  

                                                                           Image source: San Francisco Injury Center, 2008
Source: Flickr User SFBike
Source: Flickr User Theodore Scott
Source: Portland Bicycle Plan for 2030
January	
  22,	
  2010	
  




                      20

                      15
Relative Risk Index




                                                                Walking
                      10                                        Bicycling
                                General Plan Update
                      5

                      0
                           0%      5%                   10%                       15%
                                        Journey to Work Share



                                                                      Image source: Peter Jacobsen
January	
  22,	
  2010	
  




General Plan Update



                 Image Source: RFF Press
January	
  22,	
  2010	
  




For more information…

       Jeremy Nelson
       116 New Montgomery, Suite 500
       San Francisco, CA 94103
       (415) 284-1544
       jnelson@nelsonnygaard.com
Health	
  and	
  transporta>on	
  
go	
  together	
  
                                   Jean	
  S.	
  Fraser,	
  Chief	
  
                 San	
  Mateo	
  County	
  Health	
  System	
  
                Pro	
  Walk/Pro	
  Bike:	
  Pro	
  Place	
  2012	
  
#16 New Challenges, Tools, and Opportunities in Planning for Healthy Transportation - Nelson
#16 New Challenges, Tools, and Opportunities in Planning for Healthy Transportation - Nelson
#16 New Challenges, Tools, and Opportunities in Planning for Healthy Transportation - Nelson
#16 New Challenges, Tools, and Opportunities in Planning for Healthy Transportation - Nelson
Obesity	
  Trends	
  Among	
  U.S.	
  Adults	
  
                             1985	
  




  No Data   <10%   10%–14%


                               *BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person, BRFSS
Obesity	
  Trends	
  Among	
  U.S.	
  Adults	
  
                     2009	
  




 <10%   10%–14%   15%–19%      20%–24%            25%–29%             ≥30%


                            *BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person, BRFSS
Health	
  needs	
  Planning	
  and	
  vice	
  
                               versa   	
  




                                                                                                                 60% of what
                                                                                                                  constitutes
                                                                                                                health is about
                                                                                                                environments
“The	
  public	
  health	
  approach	
  to	
  elimina2ng	
  health	
  dispari2es”;	
  Satcher,	
  D.2008.	
  
What	
  can	
  Health	
  bring	
  to	
  the	
  	
  
                Planning	
  table?	
  	
  

	
  


Posi7ve	
  framing	
  
Data	
  about	
  effects	
  on	
  people	
  
New	
  advocates	
  
#16 New Challenges, Tools, and Opportunities in Planning for Healthy Transportation - Nelson
Where	
  do	
  you	
  find	
  allies	
  in	
  your	
  	
  
     Health	
  Department?	
  	
  
Injury	
  Preven7on	
  
Epidemiology	
  
Chronic	
  Disease	
  Preven7on	
  
Policy	
  and	
  Planning	
  	
  
Wellness	
  
Health	
  Equity	
  
Louisville,	
  KY:	
  Department	
  of	
  
      Public	
  Health	
  and	
  Wellness	
  
	
  
Center	
  for	
  Health	
  Equity	
  
   Ø  Community	
  engagement	
  
   Ø  Investment	
  in	
  place	
  
   	
  
Chronic	
  Disease	
  Preven>on:	
  Healthy	
  HomeTown	
  
Ini>a>ve	
  
   Ø  Community	
  grants	
  for	
  home	
  town	
  preven>on	
  
       work	
  
   Ø  Health	
  staff	
  dedicated	
  to	
  this	
  work	
  	
  	
  
Somerville,	
  MA:	
  City	
  Health	
  
            Department	
  
                      	
  
Shape	
  Up	
  Somerville	
  
  Ø  Community	
  Transforma>on	
  Grant	
  
      Recipient	
  	
  
  Ø  Somerville	
  Cares	
  about	
  Preven>on	
  
      Program;	
  Preven>on	
  Director	
  and	
  Staff	
  	
  
  Ø  SomerStreets	
  
#16 New Challenges, Tools, and Opportunities in Planning for Healthy Transportation - Nelson
We	
  are	
  happy	
  to	
  help	
  you	
  
Ac>ve	
  transporta>on	
  work	
  for	
  San	
  Mateo	
  County	
  is	
  
taking	
  place	
  as	
  Get	
  Healthy	
  San	
  Mateo	
  County	
  
	
  
We	
  have	
  developed	
  and	
  collected	
  many	
  resources	
  that	
  
you	
  can	
  find	
  at	
  	
  
www.gethealthysmc.org	
  	
  
	
  
       	
  	
  
	
  
       	
  stay	
  up	
  to	
  date	
  	
  	
  
facebook.com/GetHealthySMC	
  
Image source: Jan Gehl




                         Image source Jan Gehl
New Challenges, Tools, and Opportunities in
                           Planning for Healthy Transportation


                                   A New Generation of
Sidewalk Profilers & GIS-based Planning Tools
  to Implement Infrastructure Improvements




     Sally Swanson Architects, Inc. (SSA)
 220 Sansome Street, Suite 1100, San Francisco, CA 94104   P: 415.445.3045 F: 415.445.3055 E: ssa@swanarch.com
Challenge: Walkability           ›    Driveability

•  Growing emphasis on walkability
   o    New Urbanism
   o    Healthy Communities
   o    Livable Communities
   o    Complete Streets


•  Requires vigilance on maintaining
   and upgrading our pedestrian
   infrastructure
Sidewalks can be hazardous to your health


        Aging population: 1 in 5 age 65 & over by 2025

           o    Leading cause of death for 65 and over
                are falls

           o    Proactive vs. Reactive

           o    Paratransit services
                at capacity




lists
 Traditional Devices for Testing Sidewalk Surfaces

   •    Using a Smart level or inclinometer is
        a laborious process

   •    The Ninth Circuit ruled that sidewalks   Level Measurement Devices	
  
        are a program under the ADA

   •    Sampling and Extrapolating

   •    Addressing trip hazards through a
        maintenance program
Solution: Sidewalk Surface Profiling Devices
Walking Profiler

                     Sidewalk Attributes Measured
                     •  Ride Quality (Longitudinal Level)
                        ◦  International Roughness Index
                        ◦  Profile Ride Index
                        ◦  Localized Roughness (bumps/
                           dips)
                     •  Grade
                        ◦  Running grade
                        ◦  Maximum grade change
                           (subject to ability to traverse
                           surface)
                     •  Cross-Slope
Inventory Sidewalks: Barriers/Hazards

•  100% Sampling

•  Surface Profiling System
   collects Surface Data –
   slopes, level changes, gaps, etc.

•  Minimal Input by Operator

                                       Federal Highway Administration. Bellevue ADA
                                       Transition Plan implemented by Transportation
                                       Dept.
Inventory Sidewalks: Barriers/Hazards

(short video clip)
Sidewalk Inventory of ADA Barriers
using Surface Profiling Technology
Managing Your Inventory Data




                Vs.
GIS-based Prioritization Tools
Prioritizing Barriers to Fit Your Budget
•    Severity levels of barriers
•    Demographics
•    Location
•    Frequency of use
ADA VIEWER- Activity Score
Browser-based GIS-viewer
GIS data and GIS-viewer
•    GIS: The raw GIS data allows    •    GIS-Viewer: allows access to
     for in-depth organization and        simplified version of data in an
     querying of the data. This is        accessible and easy to use
     done with software such as           format (Non-technical).
     Esri’s ArcGIS Software
     (Technical).
Browser-based GIS-viewer
ADA VIEWER- Curb Ramp & Pedestrian Signals
Reduce Trip and Fall Hazards
Proactive with Detailed Data

•  Identify high severity barriers

•  Reducing the potential for falls and accidents.

•  Easily Update or check-off items when corrected
ADA VIEWER- Mid-blocks & Street view integration
Documentation
       •           Demonstrate good faith effort (reduces legal exposure)
       •           Address deficiencies in planning stage and not mid-project
            	
  
       •           Documentation of ‘improvements’ for litigation
	
  
Case Study: City of Clovis, CA


Scope: 638 linear miles of sidewalk
Area:   23 sq. miles

Population: approx. 95,000
Status: 2010-2012



Solutions and Benefits: Court-mandated Timeline
•    The City of Clovis, under a consent decree, was required to prepare
     a revised ADA Transition Plan to include its pedestrian facilities
     within public rights-of-way.

•  The City evaluated its baseline condition for sidewalks and curb
   ramps. Using a profiler allowed the City to fast-track their project.
Case Study: City of San Marcos, CA


  Scope: 210 linear miles of sidewalk

  Area: 24.3 sq. miles

  Population: approx. 85,000
  Status: Completed 2012



Solutions and Benefits: Budget Savings and Planning Tool
•  After evaluating several technologies, City chose a sidewalk profiling
   system sponsored by FHWA to develop a comprehensive inventory
   of sidewalks, curb ramps and other pedestrian infrastructure.
•  Survey data was integrated into GIS for the City’s engineering
   department to use as a planning and scoping tool.
Case Study: County of St. Louis, MO


 Scope: 810 linear miles of sidewalk
 Area: 524 sq. miles
 Population: approx. 992,000
 Status: 2011-2013




 Solutions and Benefits: Large Inventory

•  County staff were trained to perform field inventory of barriers using
   surface profilers and handheld data collectors

•  This data is integrated into and analyzed in the County’s existing GIS to
   determine an overall implementation schedule
Cost Savings
•    Scope a specific project area
     o  Sychronize with Capital Improvement Projects




•  Reduce costs for paratransit services
   o  Identify and prioritize those sidewalks

      that connect paratransit riders
      to fixed route services
•  Generate work orders
       o  Maintenance work orders
               - Trip and fall hazards
               - Tree trimming
Pooling Resources


  •    Barrier mitigation,
       planning and
       prioritization at the
       Metropolitan scale

  •    Savings together with
       Cities and Counties
       pooling resources to
       inventory barriers and
       maintaining GIS-based
       Planning tools
Image source: Jan Gehl




                         Image source Jan Gehl
SFMTA | Municipal Transportation Agency Image: a bus in front of the Palace of the Legion of honor




      PLANNING FOR WALKING AND BIKING
          IN A TRANSIT-FIRST CITY:

                      Regional Bike Sharing
                  and Pedestrian Action Planning



                                       09 | 10 | 2012 | LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA
57
SF: 13% Commute
Walk & Bike Trips




                    58
San
                                      Francisco
                                         % of
                                     Commuters


                                        8%

                                        4%

                                       34%

                                       54%


Image Source: Thunderhead Alliance


                                59
Changes in Mode Share in SF




Source: SFMTA
US Census American
Community Survey

                                 60
SFMTA LIVABLE STREETS

     BICYCLE – PEDESTRIAN – TRAFFIC CALMING


Livable Streets Vision
      San Francisco is the North American leader in
      providing safe, attractive streets and sidewalks;
      a place where everyone chooses to walk and bike
      for most non-transit travel.

Livable Streets Mission
      Create safe and inviting streets and sidewalks for all
      who walk and use a bicycle.
                                                         61
62
63
Project Lead:
Bay Area Air Quality
Management District
(BAAQMD)

Partner Agencies:
•  SFMTA
•  VTA
•  CalTrain
•  City of Redwood City
•  County of San Mateo


                          64
Regional
Bicycle Sharing
     Pilot
•  1,000 bicycles
•  100 stations:
  –  San Francisco (50)
  –  Redwood City (10)
  –  South Bay (40)
     •  Palo Alto
     •  Mountain View
     •  San Jose
  –  2013 Launch          65
Planning for Stations: Service Area



                                 •  1.78 sq mi.
                                 •  Dense
                                 •  Mixed Use
                                 •  Transit Rich
                                 •  Flat
                                 •  Bikeable




                                             66
San Francisco Suitability Analysis
      Raster-based GIS overlay using 11 factors:

1.    Retail Job Density     7.  Bicycle Commuters/
2.    Population Density         Square Mile
3.    Employment Density     8.  Bicycle Infrastructure
4.    Zoning                 9.  Transit
5.    Slope                  10. Tourist Sites
6.    Pedestrian Commuters   11. Per Capita Income
      per Square Mile

                                                 67
Citywide Bicycle Sharing Suitability




                                   68
Citywide Bicycle Sharing Suitability




                                   69
SuitabilityTransit Transit
            Factor:




                             70
Suitability Factor: Employment




                             71
SuitabilitySlope
            Factor: Slope




                            72
Guiding Principle:

        Key to Success = Station Density

“The number one indicator of success is density
of stations. You don't want to have stations more
than a couple blocks away from each other. In
the off-chance, hopefully, that someone
encounters a completely full or empty station,
they don't have to walk far to a station that does
have capacity or bicycles.”

Alison Cohen, President, Alta Bike Share
                                                73
Station Spacing

•  Paris Benchmark: 300 meter grid

•  1 station every 2-3.5 blocks

•  28 stations per sq. mile

•  50 stations

•  50 ÷ 28 = 1.75 sq. mile service area
                                          74
Locations Under
Consideration (61)




              75
76
2010 Mayoral Pedestrian Safety Directive
•  Interagency Ped Safety Taskforce targeting:
    –  By 2016: 25% reduction in serious/fatal ped
       injuries
    –  By 2021: 50% reduction
    –  Reduce geographic safety inequities
    –  Increase walking
•  Near Term Actions
•  Pedestrian Action Plan




                                                     77
Injury Collisions Involving Pedestrians
                1999-2011
                        1000

                         900

                         800

                         700
Pedestrian Collisions




                         600

                         500

                         400

                         300

                         200

                         100                                                                              (prelim.)

                                                                      Source: CHP, Statewide Traffic Records System (SWITRS)
                           0                                          and San Francisco Police Department
                               1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
                                                             Year

                                                                                                                      78
Serious/Fatal Injury Reduction Targets




                 Source: CHP,
                 SWITRS


                                     79
WALK FIRST PRELIMINARY CAPITAL IMPROVMENTS LIST




                                              80
PEDESRTRIAN ACTIVITY




                       81
WALKING STREETS & AREAS




                          82
HIGH PEDESTRIAN INJURY




                         83
HIG PRIORITY SEGMENTS




                        84
WALK FIRST PRELIMINARY CAPITAL IMPROVMENTS LIST




                                              85
WALK FIRST PRELIMINARY CAPITAL IMPROVMENTS LIST`




                                                   86
Thanks!

heath.maddox@sfmta.com

     415.701.4605


                         87
Image source: Jan Gehl




                         Image source Jan Gehl
Key Funding Sources for
      Bicycle and Pedestrian Improvements

•  Public: Federal, State, Regional, Local
•  Private: Non-profit organizations, property and
   business owners and private developers
Key Federal Source
            US Dept. of Transportation
•  National Highway System- bicycle and pedestrian
   walkways adjacent to highways
•  Surface Transportation Program TEAs
  –  10% set-aside for Transportation Enhancement Activities
     (TEAs)
  –  10% set-aside for Hazard Elimination
      and Railway-Highway Crossing
     programs

                                                          90
Federal Funding For Pedestrian and
       Bicycle Programs in California
Year	
                             Annual	
  Funding	
  
2007	
                             $53.8	
  million	
  
2008	
                             $64.5	
  million	
  
2009	
                             $137.3	
  million	
  
2010	
                             $72.6	
  million	
  
2011	
                             $45.0	
  million	
  

           Source: FHWA Fiscal Management Information System



                                                               91
Key State Sources
•    TDA Local Transportation Fund
•    Bicycle Transportation Account
•    California Safe Routes to School
•    Prop 84 Statewide Park and Urban Greening
•    California Disabled Rights Settlement
     ($1 billion over 30 years)
Regional and Local Government
•  Taxes: Property Tax Increment, Sales, Hotel
•  Revenues: Bridge tolls, Parking meter revenues
•  Impact Fees: Transportation/Transit,
   Parks/Open Space
•  Tax exempt financing vehicles: GO Bonds,
   Assessment Districts (BIDs, PBIDs), Mello Roos
   Community Facilities Districts (CFDs),
   Infrastructure Financing Districts
Transbay
 Transit Center,
 San Francisco
•  Intermodal Transit Center is
•  5.4 acre urban park on roof
•  Centerpiece of new
   downtown neighborhood

•  Extensive pedestrian and
   bicycle improvements to
   create walkable, bikable
   and transit friendly
   neighborhood

                                  94
Transit Center Rooftop Park




                              95
Key Transbay Funding Sources for
     Transit and Neighborhood Improvements
•  Federal: Transit grant and loan funding (TIFIA), rental operating
   funds, tax exempt bond debt
•  State: Former highway land, State voter- approved bonds,
   tax exempt bond debt
•  Local/Regional: Agency land, sales tax,
   bridge tolls, property tax increment,
   impact, Mello-Roos CFD
•  Private: Developer contributions to
   streetscape improvements, payment of
   CFD special taxes, foundation grants
San Francisco Major TOD/Sustainable Projects
                                      Treasure
                                      Island




                                                 97
Local Government Catalysts
•  Street, bicycle and pedestrian master plans
•  Local land use plans
•  Special programs
  –  Sunday Streets
  –  Safe Streets
  –  Livable Streets
•  Expedited processing with development
   requirements
•  Repurpose surplus land
Better Streets Plan
          “A Better Street attends to
          the needs of people first,
          considering pedestrians,
          bicyclists, transit, street
          trees, stormwater
          management, utilities, and
          livability as well as
          vehicular circulation and
          parking.”
North Beach Parklet at
Tony Gemignani’s Pizza Napoletana

Tony commissioned
Rebar Group to
design this parklet
fabricated from
galvanized steel
clad with bamboo
decking.



                      Photos from www.rebargroup.com
                                                       100
Mint Plaza, San Francisco
•  Mint Plaza converted a
   former City street,
   Jesse Street, to a
   24/7 public plaza
•  Street and sidewalks
   replaced with a new      Key Features
                            •   Arbor with climbing vines,
   pedestrian surface       • 
                                trees and several rain gardens
                                Runoff feeds two rain gardens
                            •   Restaurants and cafes ring the
                                plaza
Mint Plaza




Martin Building Company donated the finished Plaza
improvements to San Francisco. The City conditioned its
acceptance with requirement that Friends of Mint Plaza (FoMP),
a non-profit organization, assume full responsibility for the costs
of all future maintenance and repair of the Plaza area.
Proposed Broadening of SF’s
               Transit Impact Fees
•  Current Transit Impact Development Fee (TIDF)
   –  Fees range from about $9 to $12 per SF of
      new non-residential development
   –  Funds support new transit facilities and operations
•  Proposed Transportation Sustainability Program
   –  Would include residential development
   –  Focused on improved transit service and access,
     including funds for pedestrian and bike improvements

                                                            103
``




     104
RESOURCES




                    Life is like riding a bicycle.
  To keep your balance, you must keep moving.
                                  Albert Einstein


                                                     105
Image source: Jan Gehl




                         Image source Jan Gehl

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#16 New Challenges, Tools, and Opportunities in Planning for Healthy Transportation - Nelson

  • 1. New Challenges, Tools, and Opportunities in Planning for Healthy Transportation Jeremy Nelson, Principal NelsonNygaard Consulting Associates Pro Walk / Pro Bike / Pro Place Conference Long Beach | 9/11/2012 1
  • 2. Image source: Jan Gehl Image source Jan Gehl
  • 4. Image source: Texas Transportation Institute, Urban Mobility Report, 2011
  • 6. Image source: US Bureau of Strategic Economics
  • 7. Source: Center for Disease Control, 2010
  • 8. Excerpted from Evaluating Public Transportation Health Benefits, by Todd Litman, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, for The American Public Transportation Association, June 2010.
  • 9. Excerpted from Evaluating Public Transportation Health Benefits, by Todd Litman, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, for The American Public Transportation Association, June 2010.
  • 10. January  22,  2010   Costs of Pedestrian-Vehicle Collisions (San Francisco, 2004-2008)  Total  Cost     Collision  Year   2008  Popula7on    Cost  Per  Capita   (2008  Dollars)   2004   $11,257,143     840,462   $13.39     2005   $13,480,653     840,462   $16.04     2006   $16,574,113     840,462   $19.72     2007   $17,673,297     840,462   $21.03     2008   General Plan Update $15,358,023     840,462   $18.27     Total  Cost  for  5  years   $74,343,229     840,462   $88.46     Total  Cost   Adjusted  for  Infla7on     $171,000,000     (2008  dollars)   Image source: San Francisco Injury Center, 2008
  • 12. Source: Flickr User Theodore Scott
  • 13. Source: Portland Bicycle Plan for 2030
  • 14. January  22,  2010   20 15 Relative Risk Index Walking 10 Bicycling General Plan Update 5 0 0% 5% 10% 15% Journey to Work Share Image source: Peter Jacobsen
  • 15. January  22,  2010   General Plan Update Image Source: RFF Press
  • 16. January  22,  2010   For more information… Jeremy Nelson 116 New Montgomery, Suite 500 San Francisco, CA 94103 (415) 284-1544 jnelson@nelsonnygaard.com
  • 17. Health  and  transporta>on   go  together   Jean  S.  Fraser,  Chief   San  Mateo  County  Health  System   Pro  Walk/Pro  Bike:  Pro  Place  2012  
  • 22. Obesity  Trends  Among  U.S.  Adults   1985   No Data <10% 10%–14% *BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person, BRFSS
  • 23. Obesity  Trends  Among  U.S.  Adults   2009   <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30% *BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person, BRFSS
  • 24. Health  needs  Planning  and  vice   versa   60% of what constitutes health is about environments “The  public  health  approach  to  elimina2ng  health  dispari2es”;  Satcher,  D.2008.  
  • 25. What  can  Health  bring  to  the     Planning  table?       Posi7ve  framing   Data  about  effects  on  people   New  advocates  
  • 27. Where  do  you  find  allies  in  your     Health  Department?     Injury  Preven7on   Epidemiology   Chronic  Disease  Preven7on   Policy  and  Planning     Wellness   Health  Equity  
  • 28. Louisville,  KY:  Department  of   Public  Health  and  Wellness     Center  for  Health  Equity   Ø  Community  engagement   Ø  Investment  in  place     Chronic  Disease  Preven>on:  Healthy  HomeTown   Ini>a>ve   Ø  Community  grants  for  home  town  preven>on   work   Ø  Health  staff  dedicated  to  this  work      
  • 29. Somerville,  MA:  City  Health   Department     Shape  Up  Somerville   Ø  Community  Transforma>on  Grant   Recipient     Ø  Somerville  Cares  about  Preven>on   Program;  Preven>on  Director  and  Staff     Ø  SomerStreets  
  • 31. We  are  happy  to  help  you   Ac>ve  transporta>on  work  for  San  Mateo  County  is   taking  place  as  Get  Healthy  San  Mateo  County     We  have  developed  and  collected  many  resources  that   you  can  find  at     www.gethealthysmc.org              stay  up  to  date       facebook.com/GetHealthySMC  
  • 32. Image source: Jan Gehl Image source Jan Gehl
  • 33. New Challenges, Tools, and Opportunities in Planning for Healthy Transportation A New Generation of Sidewalk Profilers & GIS-based Planning Tools to Implement Infrastructure Improvements Sally Swanson Architects, Inc. (SSA) 220 Sansome Street, Suite 1100, San Francisco, CA 94104 P: 415.445.3045 F: 415.445.3055 E: ssa@swanarch.com
  • 34. Challenge: Walkability › Driveability •  Growing emphasis on walkability o  New Urbanism o  Healthy Communities o  Livable Communities o  Complete Streets •  Requires vigilance on maintaining and upgrading our pedestrian infrastructure
  • 35. Sidewalks can be hazardous to your health Aging population: 1 in 5 age 65 & over by 2025 o  Leading cause of death for 65 and over are falls o  Proactive vs. Reactive o  Paratransit services at capacity lists
  • 36.  Traditional Devices for Testing Sidewalk Surfaces •  Using a Smart level or inclinometer is a laborious process •  The Ninth Circuit ruled that sidewalks Level Measurement Devices   are a program under the ADA •  Sampling and Extrapolating •  Addressing trip hazards through a maintenance program
  • 37. Solution: Sidewalk Surface Profiling Devices Walking Profiler Sidewalk Attributes Measured •  Ride Quality (Longitudinal Level) ◦  International Roughness Index ◦  Profile Ride Index ◦  Localized Roughness (bumps/ dips) •  Grade ◦  Running grade ◦  Maximum grade change (subject to ability to traverse surface) •  Cross-Slope
  • 38. Inventory Sidewalks: Barriers/Hazards •  100% Sampling •  Surface Profiling System collects Surface Data – slopes, level changes, gaps, etc. •  Minimal Input by Operator Federal Highway Administration. Bellevue ADA Transition Plan implemented by Transportation Dept.
  • 40. Sidewalk Inventory of ADA Barriers using Surface Profiling Technology
  • 42. GIS-based Prioritization Tools Prioritizing Barriers to Fit Your Budget •  Severity levels of barriers •  Demographics •  Location •  Frequency of use
  • 44. Browser-based GIS-viewer GIS data and GIS-viewer •  GIS: The raw GIS data allows •  GIS-Viewer: allows access to for in-depth organization and simplified version of data in an querying of the data. This is accessible and easy to use done with software such as format (Non-technical). Esri’s ArcGIS Software (Technical).
  • 46. ADA VIEWER- Curb Ramp & Pedestrian Signals
  • 47. Reduce Trip and Fall Hazards Proactive with Detailed Data •  Identify high severity barriers •  Reducing the potential for falls and accidents. •  Easily Update or check-off items when corrected
  • 48. ADA VIEWER- Mid-blocks & Street view integration
  • 49. Documentation •  Demonstrate good faith effort (reduces legal exposure) •  Address deficiencies in planning stage and not mid-project   •  Documentation of ‘improvements’ for litigation  
  • 50. Case Study: City of Clovis, CA Scope: 638 linear miles of sidewalk Area: 23 sq. miles Population: approx. 95,000 Status: 2010-2012 Solutions and Benefits: Court-mandated Timeline •  The City of Clovis, under a consent decree, was required to prepare a revised ADA Transition Plan to include its pedestrian facilities within public rights-of-way. •  The City evaluated its baseline condition for sidewalks and curb ramps. Using a profiler allowed the City to fast-track their project.
  • 51. Case Study: City of San Marcos, CA Scope: 210 linear miles of sidewalk Area: 24.3 sq. miles Population: approx. 85,000 Status: Completed 2012 Solutions and Benefits: Budget Savings and Planning Tool •  After evaluating several technologies, City chose a sidewalk profiling system sponsored by FHWA to develop a comprehensive inventory of sidewalks, curb ramps and other pedestrian infrastructure. •  Survey data was integrated into GIS for the City’s engineering department to use as a planning and scoping tool.
  • 52. Case Study: County of St. Louis, MO Scope: 810 linear miles of sidewalk Area: 524 sq. miles Population: approx. 992,000 Status: 2011-2013 Solutions and Benefits: Large Inventory •  County staff were trained to perform field inventory of barriers using surface profilers and handheld data collectors •  This data is integrated into and analyzed in the County’s existing GIS to determine an overall implementation schedule
  • 53. Cost Savings •  Scope a specific project area o  Sychronize with Capital Improvement Projects •  Reduce costs for paratransit services o  Identify and prioritize those sidewalks that connect paratransit riders to fixed route services •  Generate work orders o  Maintenance work orders - Trip and fall hazards - Tree trimming
  • 54. Pooling Resources •  Barrier mitigation, planning and prioritization at the Metropolitan scale •  Savings together with Cities and Counties pooling resources to inventory barriers and maintaining GIS-based Planning tools
  • 55. Image source: Jan Gehl Image source Jan Gehl
  • 56. SFMTA | Municipal Transportation Agency Image: a bus in front of the Palace of the Legion of honor PLANNING FOR WALKING AND BIKING IN A TRANSIT-FIRST CITY: Regional Bike Sharing and Pedestrian Action Planning 09 | 10 | 2012 | LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA
  • 57. 57
  • 58. SF: 13% Commute Walk & Bike Trips 58
  • 59. San Francisco % of Commuters 8% 4% 34% 54% Image Source: Thunderhead Alliance 59
  • 60. Changes in Mode Share in SF Source: SFMTA US Census American Community Survey 60
  • 61. SFMTA LIVABLE STREETS BICYCLE – PEDESTRIAN – TRAFFIC CALMING Livable Streets Vision San Francisco is the North American leader in providing safe, attractive streets and sidewalks; a place where everyone chooses to walk and bike for most non-transit travel. Livable Streets Mission Create safe and inviting streets and sidewalks for all who walk and use a bicycle. 61
  • 62. 62
  • 63. 63
  • 64. Project Lead: Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD) Partner Agencies: •  SFMTA •  VTA •  CalTrain •  City of Redwood City •  County of San Mateo 64
  • 65. Regional Bicycle Sharing Pilot •  1,000 bicycles •  100 stations: –  San Francisco (50) –  Redwood City (10) –  South Bay (40) •  Palo Alto •  Mountain View •  San Jose –  2013 Launch 65
  • 66. Planning for Stations: Service Area •  1.78 sq mi. •  Dense •  Mixed Use •  Transit Rich •  Flat •  Bikeable 66
  • 67. San Francisco Suitability Analysis Raster-based GIS overlay using 11 factors: 1.  Retail Job Density 7.  Bicycle Commuters/ 2.  Population Density Square Mile 3.  Employment Density 8.  Bicycle Infrastructure 4.  Zoning 9.  Transit 5.  Slope 10. Tourist Sites 6.  Pedestrian Commuters 11. Per Capita Income per Square Mile 67
  • 68. Citywide Bicycle Sharing Suitability 68
  • 69. Citywide Bicycle Sharing Suitability 69
  • 72. SuitabilitySlope Factor: Slope 72
  • 73. Guiding Principle: Key to Success = Station Density “The number one indicator of success is density of stations. You don't want to have stations more than a couple blocks away from each other. In the off-chance, hopefully, that someone encounters a completely full or empty station, they don't have to walk far to a station that does have capacity or bicycles.” Alison Cohen, President, Alta Bike Share 73
  • 74. Station Spacing •  Paris Benchmark: 300 meter grid •  1 station every 2-3.5 blocks •  28 stations per sq. mile •  50 stations •  50 ÷ 28 = 1.75 sq. mile service area 74
  • 76. 76
  • 77. 2010 Mayoral Pedestrian Safety Directive •  Interagency Ped Safety Taskforce targeting: –  By 2016: 25% reduction in serious/fatal ped injuries –  By 2021: 50% reduction –  Reduce geographic safety inequities –  Increase walking •  Near Term Actions •  Pedestrian Action Plan 77
  • 78. Injury Collisions Involving Pedestrians 1999-2011 1000 900 800 700 Pedestrian Collisions 600 500 400 300 200 100 (prelim.) Source: CHP, Statewide Traffic Records System (SWITRS) 0 and San Francisco Police Department 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Year 78
  • 79. Serious/Fatal Injury Reduction Targets Source: CHP, SWITRS 79
  • 80. WALK FIRST PRELIMINARY CAPITAL IMPROVMENTS LIST 80
  • 82. WALKING STREETS & AREAS 82
  • 85. WALK FIRST PRELIMINARY CAPITAL IMPROVMENTS LIST 85
  • 86. WALK FIRST PRELIMINARY CAPITAL IMPROVMENTS LIST` 86
  • 88. Image source: Jan Gehl Image source Jan Gehl
  • 89. Key Funding Sources for Bicycle and Pedestrian Improvements •  Public: Federal, State, Regional, Local •  Private: Non-profit organizations, property and business owners and private developers
  • 90. Key Federal Source US Dept. of Transportation •  National Highway System- bicycle and pedestrian walkways adjacent to highways •  Surface Transportation Program TEAs –  10% set-aside for Transportation Enhancement Activities (TEAs) –  10% set-aside for Hazard Elimination and Railway-Highway Crossing programs 90
  • 91. Federal Funding For Pedestrian and Bicycle Programs in California Year   Annual  Funding   2007   $53.8  million   2008   $64.5  million   2009   $137.3  million   2010   $72.6  million   2011   $45.0  million   Source: FHWA Fiscal Management Information System 91
  • 92. Key State Sources •  TDA Local Transportation Fund •  Bicycle Transportation Account •  California Safe Routes to School •  Prop 84 Statewide Park and Urban Greening •  California Disabled Rights Settlement ($1 billion over 30 years)
  • 93. Regional and Local Government •  Taxes: Property Tax Increment, Sales, Hotel •  Revenues: Bridge tolls, Parking meter revenues •  Impact Fees: Transportation/Transit, Parks/Open Space •  Tax exempt financing vehicles: GO Bonds, Assessment Districts (BIDs, PBIDs), Mello Roos Community Facilities Districts (CFDs), Infrastructure Financing Districts
  • 94. Transbay Transit Center, San Francisco •  Intermodal Transit Center is •  5.4 acre urban park on roof •  Centerpiece of new downtown neighborhood •  Extensive pedestrian and bicycle improvements to create walkable, bikable and transit friendly neighborhood 94
  • 96. Key Transbay Funding Sources for Transit and Neighborhood Improvements •  Federal: Transit grant and loan funding (TIFIA), rental operating funds, tax exempt bond debt •  State: Former highway land, State voter- approved bonds, tax exempt bond debt •  Local/Regional: Agency land, sales tax, bridge tolls, property tax increment, impact, Mello-Roos CFD •  Private: Developer contributions to streetscape improvements, payment of CFD special taxes, foundation grants
  • 97. San Francisco Major TOD/Sustainable Projects Treasure Island 97
  • 98. Local Government Catalysts •  Street, bicycle and pedestrian master plans •  Local land use plans •  Special programs –  Sunday Streets –  Safe Streets –  Livable Streets •  Expedited processing with development requirements •  Repurpose surplus land
  • 99. Better Streets Plan “A Better Street attends to the needs of people first, considering pedestrians, bicyclists, transit, street trees, stormwater management, utilities, and livability as well as vehicular circulation and parking.”
  • 100. North Beach Parklet at Tony Gemignani’s Pizza Napoletana Tony commissioned Rebar Group to design this parklet fabricated from galvanized steel clad with bamboo decking. Photos from www.rebargroup.com 100
  • 101. Mint Plaza, San Francisco •  Mint Plaza converted a former City street, Jesse Street, to a 24/7 public plaza •  Street and sidewalks replaced with a new Key Features •  Arbor with climbing vines, pedestrian surface •  trees and several rain gardens Runoff feeds two rain gardens •  Restaurants and cafes ring the plaza
  • 102. Mint Plaza Martin Building Company donated the finished Plaza improvements to San Francisco. The City conditioned its acceptance with requirement that Friends of Mint Plaza (FoMP), a non-profit organization, assume full responsibility for the costs of all future maintenance and repair of the Plaza area.
  • 103. Proposed Broadening of SF’s Transit Impact Fees •  Current Transit Impact Development Fee (TIDF) –  Fees range from about $9 to $12 per SF of new non-residential development –  Funds support new transit facilities and operations •  Proposed Transportation Sustainability Program –  Would include residential development –  Focused on improved transit service and access, including funds for pedestrian and bike improvements 103
  • 104. `` 104
  • 105. RESOURCES Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep moving. Albert Einstein 105
  • 106. Image source: Jan Gehl Image source Jan Gehl