Integrating a Health Impact Assessment into District-Wide School Travel Plan...
#16 New Challenges, Tools, and Opportunities in Planning for Healthy Transportation - Nelson
1. New Challenges, Tools, and Opportunities in
Planning for Healthy Transportation
Jeremy Nelson, Principal
NelsonNygaard Consulting Associates
Pro Walk / Pro Bike / Pro Place Conference
Long Beach | 9/11/2012
1
8. Excerpted from Evaluating Public Transportation Health Benefits, by Todd Litman, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, for The American Public Transportation Association,
June 2010.
9. Excerpted from Evaluating Public Transportation Health Benefits, by Todd Litman, Victoria Transport Policy Institute, for The American Public Transportation Association, June
2010.
10. January
22,
2010
Costs of Pedestrian-Vehicle Collisions
(San Francisco, 2004-2008)
Total
Cost
Collision
Year
2008
Popula7on
Cost
Per
Capita
(2008
Dollars)
2004
$11,257,143
840,462
$13.39
2005
$13,480,653
840,462
$16.04
2006
$16,574,113
840,462
$19.72
2007
$17,673,297
840,462
$21.03
2008
General Plan Update
$15,358,023
840,462
$18.27
Total
Cost
for
5
years
$74,343,229
840,462
$88.46
Total
Cost
Adjusted
for
Infla7on
$171,000,000
(2008
dollars)
Image source: San Francisco Injury Center, 2008
14. January
22,
2010
20
15
Relative Risk Index
Walking
10 Bicycling
General Plan Update
5
0
0% 5% 10% 15%
Journey to Work Share
Image source: Peter Jacobsen
16. January
22,
2010
For more information…
Jeremy Nelson
116 New Montgomery, Suite 500
San Francisco, CA 94103
(415) 284-1544
jnelson@nelsonnygaard.com
17. Health
and
transporta>on
go
together
Jean
S.
Fraser,
Chief
San
Mateo
County
Health
System
Pro
Walk/Pro
Bike:
Pro
Place
2012
22. Obesity
Trends
Among
U.S.
Adults
1985
No Data <10% 10%–14%
*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person, BRFSS
23. Obesity
Trends
Among
U.S.
Adults
2009
<10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%
*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person, BRFSS
24. Health
needs
Planning
and
vice
versa
60% of what
constitutes
health is about
environments
“The
public
health
approach
to
elimina2ng
health
dispari2es”;
Satcher,
D.2008.
25. What
can
Health
bring
to
the
Planning
table?
Posi7ve
framing
Data
about
effects
on
people
New
advocates
27. Where
do
you
find
allies
in
your
Health
Department?
Injury
Preven7on
Epidemiology
Chronic
Disease
Preven7on
Policy
and
Planning
Wellness
Health
Equity
28. Louisville,
KY:
Department
of
Public
Health
and
Wellness
Center
for
Health
Equity
Ø Community
engagement
Ø Investment
in
place
Chronic
Disease
Preven>on:
Healthy
HomeTown
Ini>a>ve
Ø Community
grants
for
home
town
preven>on
work
Ø Health
staff
dedicated
to
this
work
29. Somerville,
MA:
City
Health
Department
Shape
Up
Somerville
Ø Community
Transforma>on
Grant
Recipient
Ø Somerville
Cares
about
Preven>on
Program;
Preven>on
Director
and
Staff
Ø SomerStreets
31. We
are
happy
to
help
you
Ac>ve
transporta>on
work
for
San
Mateo
County
is
taking
place
as
Get
Healthy
San
Mateo
County
We
have
developed
and
collected
many
resources
that
you
can
find
at
www.gethealthysmc.org
stay
up
to
date
facebook.com/GetHealthySMC
33. New Challenges, Tools, and Opportunities in
Planning for Healthy Transportation
A New Generation of
Sidewalk Profilers & GIS-based Planning Tools
to Implement Infrastructure Improvements
Sally Swanson Architects, Inc. (SSA)
220 Sansome Street, Suite 1100, San Francisco, CA 94104 P: 415.445.3045 F: 415.445.3055 E: ssa@swanarch.com
34. Challenge: Walkability › Driveability
• Growing emphasis on walkability
o New Urbanism
o Healthy Communities
o Livable Communities
o Complete Streets
• Requires vigilance on maintaining
and upgrading our pedestrian
infrastructure
35. Sidewalks can be hazardous to your health
Aging population: 1 in 5 age 65 & over by 2025
o Leading cause of death for 65 and over
are falls
o Proactive vs. Reactive
o Paratransit services
at capacity
lists
36. Traditional Devices for Testing Sidewalk Surfaces
• Using a Smart level or inclinometer is
a laborious process
• The Ninth Circuit ruled that sidewalks Level Measurement Devices
are a program under the ADA
• Sampling and Extrapolating
• Addressing trip hazards through a
maintenance program
37. Solution: Sidewalk Surface Profiling Devices
Walking Profiler
Sidewalk Attributes Measured
• Ride Quality (Longitudinal Level)
◦ International Roughness Index
◦ Profile Ride Index
◦ Localized Roughness (bumps/
dips)
• Grade
◦ Running grade
◦ Maximum grade change
(subject to ability to traverse
surface)
• Cross-Slope
38. Inventory Sidewalks: Barriers/Hazards
• 100% Sampling
• Surface Profiling System
collects Surface Data –
slopes, level changes, gaps, etc.
• Minimal Input by Operator
Federal Highway Administration. Bellevue ADA
Transition Plan implemented by Transportation
Dept.
44. Browser-based GIS-viewer
GIS data and GIS-viewer
• GIS: The raw GIS data allows • GIS-Viewer: allows access to
for in-depth organization and simplified version of data in an
querying of the data. This is accessible and easy to use
done with software such as format (Non-technical).
Esri’s ArcGIS Software
(Technical).
47. Reduce Trip and Fall Hazards
Proactive with Detailed Data
• Identify high severity barriers
• Reducing the potential for falls and accidents.
• Easily Update or check-off items when corrected
49. Documentation
• Demonstrate good faith effort (reduces legal exposure)
• Address deficiencies in planning stage and not mid-project
• Documentation of ‘improvements’ for litigation
50. Case Study: City of Clovis, CA
Scope: 638 linear miles of sidewalk
Area: 23 sq. miles
Population: approx. 95,000
Status: 2010-2012
Solutions and Benefits: Court-mandated Timeline
• The City of Clovis, under a consent decree, was required to prepare
a revised ADA Transition Plan to include its pedestrian facilities
within public rights-of-way.
• The City evaluated its baseline condition for sidewalks and curb
ramps. Using a profiler allowed the City to fast-track their project.
51. Case Study: City of San Marcos, CA
Scope: 210 linear miles of sidewalk
Area: 24.3 sq. miles
Population: approx. 85,000
Status: Completed 2012
Solutions and Benefits: Budget Savings and Planning Tool
• After evaluating several technologies, City chose a sidewalk profiling
system sponsored by FHWA to develop a comprehensive inventory
of sidewalks, curb ramps and other pedestrian infrastructure.
• Survey data was integrated into GIS for the City’s engineering
department to use as a planning and scoping tool.
52. Case Study: County of St. Louis, MO
Scope: 810 linear miles of sidewalk
Area: 524 sq. miles
Population: approx. 992,000
Status: 2011-2013
Solutions and Benefits: Large Inventory
• County staff were trained to perform field inventory of barriers using
surface profilers and handheld data collectors
• This data is integrated into and analyzed in the County’s existing GIS to
determine an overall implementation schedule
53. Cost Savings
• Scope a specific project area
o Sychronize with Capital Improvement Projects
• Reduce costs for paratransit services
o Identify and prioritize those sidewalks
that connect paratransit riders
to fixed route services
• Generate work orders
o Maintenance work orders
- Trip and fall hazards
- Tree trimming
54. Pooling Resources
• Barrier mitigation,
planning and
prioritization at the
Metropolitan scale
• Savings together with
Cities and Counties
pooling resources to
inventory barriers and
maintaining GIS-based
Planning tools
56. SFMTA | Municipal Transportation Agency Image: a bus in front of the Palace of the Legion of honor
PLANNING FOR WALKING AND BIKING
IN A TRANSIT-FIRST CITY:
Regional Bike Sharing
and Pedestrian Action Planning
09 | 10 | 2012 | LONG BEACH, CALIFORNIA
59. San
Francisco
% of
Commuters
8%
4%
34%
54%
Image Source: Thunderhead Alliance
59
60. Changes in Mode Share in SF
Source: SFMTA
US Census American
Community Survey
60
61. SFMTA LIVABLE STREETS
BICYCLE – PEDESTRIAN – TRAFFIC CALMING
Livable Streets Vision
San Francisco is the North American leader in
providing safe, attractive streets and sidewalks;
a place where everyone chooses to walk and bike
for most non-transit travel.
Livable Streets Mission
Create safe and inviting streets and sidewalks for all
who walk and use a bicycle.
61
64. Project Lead:
Bay Area Air Quality
Management District
(BAAQMD)
Partner Agencies:
• SFMTA
• VTA
• CalTrain
• City of Redwood City
• County of San Mateo
64
65. Regional
Bicycle Sharing
Pilot
• 1,000 bicycles
• 100 stations:
– San Francisco (50)
– Redwood City (10)
– South Bay (40)
• Palo Alto
• Mountain View
• San Jose
– 2013 Launch 65
66. Planning for Stations: Service Area
• 1.78 sq mi.
• Dense
• Mixed Use
• Transit Rich
• Flat
• Bikeable
66
67. San Francisco Suitability Analysis
Raster-based GIS overlay using 11 factors:
1. Retail Job Density 7. Bicycle Commuters/
2. Population Density Square Mile
3. Employment Density 8. Bicycle Infrastructure
4. Zoning 9. Transit
5. Slope 10. Tourist Sites
6. Pedestrian Commuters 11. Per Capita Income
per Square Mile
67
73. Guiding Principle:
Key to Success = Station Density
“The number one indicator of success is density
of stations. You don't want to have stations more
than a couple blocks away from each other. In
the off-chance, hopefully, that someone
encounters a completely full or empty station,
they don't have to walk far to a station that does
have capacity or bicycles.”
Alison Cohen, President, Alta Bike Share
73
74. Station Spacing
• Paris Benchmark: 300 meter grid
• 1 station every 2-3.5 blocks
• 28 stations per sq. mile
• 50 stations
• 50 ÷ 28 = 1.75 sq. mile service area
74
89. Key Funding Sources for
Bicycle and Pedestrian Improvements
• Public: Federal, State, Regional, Local
• Private: Non-profit organizations, property and
business owners and private developers
90. Key Federal Source
US Dept. of Transportation
• National Highway System- bicycle and pedestrian
walkways adjacent to highways
• Surface Transportation Program TEAs
– 10% set-aside for Transportation Enhancement Activities
(TEAs)
– 10% set-aside for Hazard Elimination
and Railway-Highway Crossing
programs
90
91. Federal Funding For Pedestrian and
Bicycle Programs in California
Year
Annual
Funding
2007
$53.8
million
2008
$64.5
million
2009
$137.3
million
2010
$72.6
million
2011
$45.0
million
Source: FHWA Fiscal Management Information System
91
92. Key State Sources
• TDA Local Transportation Fund
• Bicycle Transportation Account
• California Safe Routes to School
• Prop 84 Statewide Park and Urban Greening
• California Disabled Rights Settlement
($1 billion over 30 years)
93. Regional and Local Government
• Taxes: Property Tax Increment, Sales, Hotel
• Revenues: Bridge tolls, Parking meter revenues
• Impact Fees: Transportation/Transit,
Parks/Open Space
• Tax exempt financing vehicles: GO Bonds,
Assessment Districts (BIDs, PBIDs), Mello Roos
Community Facilities Districts (CFDs),
Infrastructure Financing Districts
94. Transbay
Transit Center,
San Francisco
• Intermodal Transit Center is
• 5.4 acre urban park on roof
• Centerpiece of new
downtown neighborhood
• Extensive pedestrian and
bicycle improvements to
create walkable, bikable
and transit friendly
neighborhood
94
98. Local Government Catalysts
• Street, bicycle and pedestrian master plans
• Local land use plans
• Special programs
– Sunday Streets
– Safe Streets
– Livable Streets
• Expedited processing with development
requirements
• Repurpose surplus land
99. Better Streets Plan
“A Better Street attends to
the needs of people first,
considering pedestrians,
bicyclists, transit, street
trees, stormwater
management, utilities, and
livability as well as
vehicular circulation and
parking.”
100. North Beach Parklet at
Tony Gemignani’s Pizza Napoletana
Tony commissioned
Rebar Group to
design this parklet
fabricated from
galvanized steel
clad with bamboo
decking.
Photos from www.rebargroup.com
100
101. Mint Plaza, San Francisco
• Mint Plaza converted a
former City street,
Jesse Street, to a
24/7 public plaza
• Street and sidewalks
replaced with a new Key Features
• Arbor with climbing vines,
pedestrian surface •
trees and several rain gardens
Runoff feeds two rain gardens
• Restaurants and cafes ring the
plaza
102. Mint Plaza
Martin Building Company donated the finished Plaza
improvements to San Francisco. The City conditioned its
acceptance with requirement that Friends of Mint Plaza (FoMP),
a non-profit organization, assume full responsibility for the costs
of all future maintenance and repair of the Plaza area.
103. Proposed Broadening of SF’s
Transit Impact Fees
• Current Transit Impact Development Fee (TIDF)
– Fees range from about $9 to $12 per SF of
new non-residential development
– Funds support new transit facilities and operations
• Proposed Transportation Sustainability Program
– Would include residential development
– Focused on improved transit service and access,
including funds for pedestrian and bike improvements
103