Sustainable citizen engagement
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Sustainable citizen engagement
- 1. Bil Datblygu Cynaliadwy Sustainable Development Bill Cyflwyniad rhyngweithiol ar y cynigion yn y ddogfen ymgynghori. An interactive presentation on the proposals in the consultation document. Ymgynghori ar y Bil Datblygu Cynaliadwy
- 2. Cyd-destun y Polisi a’r Strategaeth The Policy and Strategy Context
- 3. twf economaidd cynaliadwy cyfrifoldeb adfywio er lles ein cymunedau Cymuned gref a chreadigol bywyd iach gwireddu’r potensial cyfiawnder a chydraddoldeb cymdeithasol i bawb Hunaniaeth: lleol a Chymreig gwaddol ddiwylliannol tirwedd ecosystemau a natur iach menter gwneud y gorau o’r cyfalaf deallusol a naturiol
- 4. sustainable economic growth responsibility regeneration that serves our communities creative & strong community healthy life fulfilling potential social justice and equality for all identity: local, Welsh - Cymreig cultural legacy landscape healthy ecosystems & wildlife enterprise maximising intellectual & natural capital
- 5. ues mic iss es Econo al issu Soci es ent al issu Bet long ter, joine Environm lder views -term du outc p, o Stakeh ome s
- 6. Amcanion DC SD Objectives Hybu lles Enhancement of wellbeing Hybu cyfiawnder a chydraddoldeb Promotion of social justice & cymdeithasol equality Parchu terfynau amgylcheddol Respect for environmental limits Cryfhau’r waddol ddiwylliannol Strengthened cultural legacy Galluogi pobl i fyw’n iach Healthy living Hybu economi fyrlymus a vibrant economy Cydnabod buddiannau’r cenedlaethau Recognition of interests of future i ddod generations Cael pobl i gymryd rhan yn y Involvement of people in penderfyniadau sy’n effeithio ar decisions that affect their eu bywydau lives
- 7. A Sustainable Wales Better Choices for a Better Future
- 8. Programme for Government “This is our Welsh account of sustainable development: an emphasis on social, economic and environmental well-being for people and communities, embodying our values of fairness and social justice.” “All our policies and programmes will reflect this commitment to sustainability and fairness so that we make sustainable development our central organising principle” 00
- 9. Key Requirements ► To support the embedding of SD into the strategic decision making processes of the public sector. ► To empower and drive positive change. ► To avoid adding layers of additional bureaucracy and cost and becoming a tick box exercise. ► To avoid stifling innovation and removing the flexibility from organisations to reach the sustainable solutions that are best for their circumstances. ► To ensure that SD will have a practical effect and not simply a set of high level principles 05
- 10. Proposals for a stronger governance framework ► An embedded and strengthened framework ► A focus on Support ► Robust Accountability ► Phased Implementation 05
- 11. Sustainable Development Framework Aim (the what) Best Future for Wales Purpose (the why) Sustainable Development Methodology (the how) experience with s79, independent reports, international experience etc 02
- 12. Existing measures (more to come) Encourage Enable Proposed SD Bill SD Charter network SD Annual Report SD Framework for LG SD component of WG business support Sustainable Futures practitioners network Exemplify Engage Political consensus on SD Wales Sustainability Week Consistency across policies SD research and segmentation Commissioner for SF Cynnal Cymru; and Green List SD Advocates Eco Schools programme
- 13. Wrth eich byrddau On your tables Reflect on what’s been said Meddwl am yr hyn sydd wedi’i ddweud What are the opportunities for engagement and participation from the Bill? Ymgynghori ar y Bil Datblygu Cynaliadwy Llywodraeth Cymru
- 15. Some relevant areas Post-16 participation Energy efficiency Parenting Transport choices Education/skills Adult literacy Environment Reduce, reuse, recycle Life skills (cooking etc) Consumption choices Volunteering Fly-tipping Drugs, alcohol, tobacco Anti-social behaviour Teenage pregnancy Crime prevention Health Obesity Community Terrorism Keeping appointments Social mobility Organ donation Litter / graffiti Active job seeking Pension provision Service culture Self-care Prosperity Entrepreneurship Care / ageing Mental health Personal aspiration Active ageing Diversity End-of-life choices
- 16. 1. The 4-E approach to behaviour change Taxes & fiscal measures Remove barriers to act Regulation & fines Set defaults / opt-out vs opt-in League tables Form clubs / communities Targets / perf management Provide information Prizes / rewards / bonuses Enable Choose intervention timing Preferential treatment Personalise Status recognition Provide space / facilities Subsidies / discounts Build confidence Feedback Ease/cost of access Encourage Catalyse Engage Community/network action Evidence base Deliberative fora Walk the talk & lead Segmentation / focus Consistency across policies Exemplify Secure commitment Sustained approach Personal contacts Credibility / confidence Role models / 'super-users' Benchmarking / evaluation Paid/unpaid media campaigns Learning & improvement Pester power / Peer pressure Political consensus building Workplace norms
- 17. Smoking and behaviour change High excise taxes Ban marketing practices NHS 'stop smoking' treatment Address smuggling Smoke-free policies Enable Quit-lines (nb. Personal incentives) Pharmaceutical deregulation Encourage Catalyse Engage Smoke-free policies Social marketing campaigns Clear messages from NHS Exemplify More graphic warnings Consistent package Major news media assault Clear goals Constant revisiting evidence Commercial arguments “Denormalisation”
- 18. But others forces are at work... ...as the force of the A cigarette for the beginner psychological symbolism is a symbolic act. I am no subsides, the longer my mother’s child, pharmacological effects I’m tough, I am an take over to sustain the adventurer, I’m not habit square... Dunn W. Vice President for Research and Development, Philip Norris. Why one smokes. 1968 Minnesota Trial Exhibit 3681.
- 19. Smoking: from the dark side Advertising Orchestrating smuggling Role models Lights Adult product definition Enable Filters Duty Free Wide availability Fighting smoke-free places Encourage Catalyse Engage Aspirational sell to poor Product placement in films Exemplify Coupons and catalogues Sponsorship Coaching arguments Normalisation Distracting PR Bogus science
- 20. The SD Bill and behaviour change Budget Setting Evidence collection Grants & Grant in Aid Policy process Sponsorship Capacity building Procurement Networks Legislation Enable Information League tables & Good practice & element of competition Knowledge sharing Status recogition Encourage Catalyse Engage Know your stakeholders and Evidence base audiences - segmentation Consistency Exemplify Narratives Honest Buy-in Celebrate success Workplace norms Evaluation & continuous Continuous improvement
- 21. Wrth eich byrddau On your tables • Identify your group challenge – SD Bill focused • How will this effect your organisation? • Consider the Engage box: what could you add to the Engage menu that would help drive the action you’re trying to promote? • Feed back your most important learning point Ymgynghori ar y Bil Datblygu Cynaliadwy Llywodraeth Cymru
- 22. Think of people as ‘human’
- 23. 2. Understand human behaviour Rational all-knowing individualised long-term utility maximisation
- 24. MINDSPACE
- 25. MINDSPACE Messenger: We are influenced by who communicates information Incentives: Our responses are shaped by biases and shortcuts Norms: We tend to do what those around us are already doing Defaults: We ‘go with the flow’ of pre-set options
- 26. MINDSPACE Salience: Our attention is drawn to what is novel and seems relevant to us Priming: Our acts are often influenced by sub-conscious cues Affect: Emotional associations can powerfully shape our actions Commitment: We seek to be consistent with our public promises, and reciprocate acts Ego: We act in ways that make us feel better about ourselves
- 27. The Science of Persuasion 6 weapons of influence 1.Reciprocation: You did something for me and now I owe you 2.Consistency: One thing I do or think leads to another 3.Social proof: 9 out of 10 cats prefer... 4.Liking: I will buy Tupperware from you because I like you 5.Authority: More doctors smoke Lucky Strike 6.Scarcity: Get it now, or I’ll be sorry when it’s gone Robert Cialdini, The science of persuasion, Scientific American, 284, 76-81.
- 28. Some “biases” in real behaviour • Loss aversion • Recency It's illogical • Peak experience Captain... • Herding • Heuristics • Omission • Habit • Confirmation • Hyperbolic discounting
- 29. List of cognitive human “biases” Behaviour & Decision- Probability & belief Social making Bandwagon effect Ambiguity effect Actor-observer bias Base rate fallacy Anchoring effect Egocentric bias Bias blind spot Attentional bias Forer effect Choice-supportive bias Authority bias False consensus effect Confirmation bias Availability heuristic Fundamental attribution error Congruence bias Availability cascade Halo effect Contrast effect Belief bias Herd instinct Déformation professionnelle Clustering illusion Illusion of asymmetric insight Denomination effect Capability bias Illusion of transparency Distinction bias Conjunction fallacy Illusory superiority Endowment effect Disposition effect Ingroup bias Experimenter's Gambler's fallacy Just-world phenomenon Extraordinarity bias Hawthorne effect Notational bias Focusing effect Hindsight bias Outgroup homogeneity bias Framing Illusory correlation Projection bias Hyperbolic discounting Ludic fallacy Self-serving bias Illusion of control Neglect of prior base rates effect Self-fulfilling prophecy Impact bias Observer-expectancy effect System justification Information bias Optimism bias Trait ascription bias Interloper effect Ostrich effect Ultimate attribution error Irrational escalation Overconfidence effect Just-world phenomenon Positive outcome bias Loss aversion Pareidolia Mere exposure effect Primacy effect Money illusion Recency effect Moral credential effect Disregard of regression toward the mean. Need for Closure Selection bias Negativity bias Stereotyping Neglect of probability Subadditivity effect Normalcy bias Subjective validation Not Invented Here Telescoping effect Omission bias Texas sharpshooter fallacy Outcome bias Well travelled road effect Planning fallacy Consistency bias Post-purchase rationalization Cryptomnesia Pseudocertainty effect Egocentric bias Reactance False memory Restraint bias Hindsight bias Selective perception Semmelweis reflex Reminiscence bump Rosy retrospection For more information Status quo bias Self-serving bias Von Restorff effect Wishful thinking Suggestibility Wikipedia search: Zero-risk bias “List of cognitive biases”
- 31. Be careful with the relationship between citizen and state
- 32. 4: Establish the case for intervention “The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilised community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others. His own good, either physical or moral, is not a sufficient warrant”. But… Children? Addiction? Influence of background? Mental illness? Collective costs? Regret...?
- 33. From soft paternalism to regulation Public (external) impacts Passive smoking - workers Passive smoking - public Hooking kids Unregulated addiction Health impacts Private impacts
- 34. Adopt a learning approach
- 35. 4+2 Es approach to behaviour change Enable Explore Encourage Catalyse Engage Evaluate Exemplify
- 36. Summary 1. Four-E behaviour-change model Encourage Enable Engage Exemplify 2. Understand real behaviour 3. Segment and personalise 4. Judge public acceptability (which changes) 5. Experiment and evaluate
- 37. Reading up... Thaler & Sustein Mark Earls Robert Cialdini Dan Ariely
- 38. Reading up... Government Government Institute for Cabinet Office communications Social Research Government & Cabinet Office
- 39. Wrth eich byrddau On your tables • Identify your group challenge • Quickly jot down the existing elements under the 4 Es headings • Consider the Engage box: what could you add from the Engage menu that would help drive the action you’re trying to promote? • Feed back your most important learning point Ymgynghori ar y Bil Datblygu Cynaliadwy Llywodraeth Cymru
- 40. Digwyddiadau ymgynghori Consultation events • 15/16 Ionawr Caerfyrddin • 15/16 January Carmarthen • 29/30 Ionawr Cyffordd • 29/30 January Llandudno Llandudno Junction • 5/6 Chwefror Caerdydd • 5/6 February Cardiff • 12/13 Chwefror Llandrindod • 12/13 February Llandrindod Wells Daw’r ymgynghoriad i ben ar 4 Consultation closes 18 July Mawrth sdbill@wales.gsi.gov.uk Ebost / Email: Ymgynghori ar y Bil Datblygu Cynaliadwy Llywodraeth Cymru
- 41. Y Bil Datblygu Cynaliadwy Sustainable Development Bill Diolch – Thank you Ymgynghori ar y Bil Datblygu Cynaliadwy
- 42. Diolch yn fawr!
Notas del editor
- Hello, I am Isabel Mortimer, everyone calls me Issy. We have about an hour for this workshop and hopefully by the end of it you will have a brief overview of the SD Bill White Paper proposals, the role engagement plays in informing legislation development, and how engagement , effective engagement can create change. And, ss it is a workshop we are going to do a bit of group work.
- Facilitator hand back to presenter Intro that we’re going to look at the BIG picture
- The vision for Wales – Cymru is to build a better Wales within a generation. We are going through tough times, with decreasing public spending and global financial challenges alongside increasing need for the services which the public sector provides, and on which the most vulnerable in our society depend. Yet, we want to maximise the wellbeing or quality of life in Wales for the long term. To achieve this, we need to think and deliver differently to meet the challenges, both global, national and local, in order to protect our communities, develop our economy and secure the future for our children. Our understanding of what the people of Wales are ready for right now, is that they are ready for the social and economic outcomes we envision here. Perhaps there is more work to do in terms of doing this within environmental limits......
- The vision for Wales – Cymru is to build a better Wales within a generation. We are going through tough times, with decreasing public spending and global financial challenges alongside increasing need for the services which the public sector provides, and on which the most vulnerable in our society depend. Yet, we want to maximise the wellbeing or quality of life in Wales for the long term. To achieve this, we need to think and deliver differently to meet the challenges, both global, national and local, in order to protect our communities, develop our economy and secure the future for our children. Our understanding of what the people of Wales are ready for right now, is that they are ready for the social and economic outcomes we envision here. Perhaps there is more work to do in terms of doing this within environmental limits......
- This is what we think that means, and this is what we think the journey to achieve our vision entails... a complete change in the way we are living and working in Wales, including the infrastructure that supports your ways of being Looking at the context of any given opportunity or challenge through the SD prism will allow elemental parts to combine to create a brighter future, greater than the sum of the parts.
- And these organisations with SD as their central organising principle, will act to deliver SD objectives. To achieve embedding SD as the central organising principle, we need culture change and we already have a tried, tested and proven approach to delivering the necessary change: The 4 Es approach is a complete package of coordinated actions working together
- Environment Strategy Review the role of the planning system in tackling climate change Planning for Climate Change Consultation PPW – Changes throughout the document One proposal to allow LPAs to set minimum CO2 reduction targets from new development through their LDP. Microgeneration Changes introduced in 2009 for domestic properties (limited) Consultation last year on extending these rights Design and Access Statements Access statements introduced in 2007 Design statements introduced in 2009
- Environment Strategy Review the role of the planning system in tackling climate change Planning for Climate Change Consultation PPW – Changes throughout the document One proposal to allow LPAs to set minimum CO2 reduction targets from new development through their LDP. Microgeneration Changes introduced in 2009 for domestic properties (limited) Consultation last year on extending these rights Design and Access Statements Access statements introduced in 2007 Design statements introduced in 2009
- Environment Strategy Review the role of the planning system in tackling climate change Planning for Climate Change Consultation PPW – Changes throughout the document One proposal to allow LPAs to set minimum CO2 reduction targets from new development through their LDP. Microgeneration Changes introduced in 2009 for domestic properties (limited) Consultation last year on extending these rights Design and Access Statements Access statements introduced in 2007 Design statements introduced in 2009
- NEXT STEPS WHITE PAPER CONSULTATION We are currently looking at how we deliver our consultation and engagement events around the White Paper. We would be keen to hear your views on the consultation process for the White Paper. What would you like to see? What approach should be taken?
- Specifically, these are measures underway – the Bill will be part of the Enabling element The New SD body is likely in our opinion, to be involved in Enabling, Exemplifying and Engaging – but that’s something we’d like to hear more about from you.
- So, we said this would be interactive, now, at your group [with your neighbour - if in theatre style venue] reflect on what’s been said. Take a few minutes minutes. I will answer questions as best I can, but if you have particular queries I can’t then we can jot them down with your contact details and I can get back to you sometime this week with the answer.
- So, what are our challenges? Demographic changes, growing obesity levels, youth economic inactivity, the current economic climate.
- In WG we are using a simple model - 4-Es - to describe the policy mix needed to promote behaviour change: Encourage : a system of incentives to behaviour in the desired way Enable : making it easy to respond to the encouragement - removing barriers, providing information, picking the right time Engage : increasing the motivation to respond to the encouragement by social marketing Exemplify : the body promoting behaviour change 'walks the talk' and acts consistently in a way that increases trust Behaviour change policies need to be grounded in an understanding of real human behaviours and 'biases' (departures from the 'rational man' model of standard economics - see behavioural economics).
- So lets look at smoking as an example New legislation to ban open sales of cigarettes in supermarkets has been introduced and The Australian government’s plain packaging laws have now come into effect and it is the first in the world to force tobacco companies to sell cigarettes in packets illustrated only with graphic health warnings. The only way to tell what brand a person is buying is the name which will appear on the packet in a uniform style. The new law came into effect despite a legal challenge by the tobacco giants, who have been accused by Canberra of using sly tricks to continue to recruit new clients during the countdown to plain packaging
- So, we said this would be interactive, now, at your group [with your neighbour - if in theatre style venue] reflect on what’s been said. Take 2 or 3 minutes. Do you have any questions of clarification you’d like to ask at this point? Please type them in. If no-one at your group can answer your question, we’ll try in plenary to answer your questions. There will be other opportunities to ask about more specific elements of the proposals for the bill in following sections, so please just confine your questions to the context we have outlined. I / we will answer questions as best we can, but that there will be a chance to catch members of the team during lunch if you have particular queries.
- A moderately contrived acronym that aims to capture the main elements of human behaviour relevant to behaviour change policies.
- Heuristics = what the brain uses to make decisions and judgements. Every decision we make is influenced by subconscious behavioural biases. They cause us to make snap judgments based on bad information, to be unfair and to waste time. This is clearly problematic for investors, managers and people in general. Once we become aware of these biases, we can disrupt our thinking and come to terms with reality.
- So, now, in your group come up with your own challenge and structure how you could tackle it using the 4 E’s model. Remembering: Encourage : a system of incentives to behaviour in the desired way Enable : making it easy to respond to the encouragement - removing barriers, providing information, picking the right time Engage : increasing the motivation to respond to the encouragement by social marketing Exemplify : the body promoting behaviour change 'walks the talk' and acts consistently in a way that increases trust
- Delete and add dates to slide as appropriate