Creative Commons: What it Means for TAACCCT Grantees
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Presentation given to DOL TAACCCT round 2 and 3 grantees at TAACCCT-ON conference in Topeka Kansas September 30, 2014.
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Creative Commons: What it Means for TAACCCT Grantees
- 1. Creative Commons: What it means to TAACCCT Grantees 30-September-2014 Except where otherwise noted these materials are licensed Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY)
- 2. Paul Stacey Associate Director of Global Learning pstacey@creativecommons.org http://www.slideshare.net/Paul_Stacey Sign up: http://bit.ly/commonsnews
- 3. Agenda 1. DOL TAACCCT CC BY requirement 2. Creative Commons and CC BY 3. Open Educational Resources 4. How does this affect my TAACCCT work? 5. How do I mark works with CC BY? 6. Examples 7. Full impact exploration 8. Help & Questions
- 4. With $2 billion over 4 years, TAACCCT is the largest OER* initiative in the world. *thanks to CC BY license requirement
- 5. High Growth Industry Sectors % GRANTEES DEVELOPING CURRICULA IN SHARED FIELDS OF STUDY Energy Health Manufacturing Bridging - Basic Education Transportation Information Technology DOL TAACCCT Round 1 Data Analysis by Paul Stacey 20-Feb-2013 TAACCCT program creates OER in vocational industry sectors
- 6. Agenda 1. DOL TAACCCT CC BY requirement 2. Creative Commons and CC BY 3. Open Educational Resources 4. How does this affect my TAACCCT work? 5. How do I mark works with CC BY? 6. Examples 7. Full impact exploration 8. Help & Questions
- 7. What is the CC BY requirement in the TAACCCT grant?
- 8. “To ensure that the Federal investment of these funds has as broad an impact as possible and to encourage innovation in the development of new learning materials, as a condition of the receipt of a TAACCCT grant, the grantee will be required to license to the public all work created with the support of the grant under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (CC BY) license.”
- 9. “The purpose of the CC BY licensing requirement is to ensure that materials developed with funds provided by these grants result in Work that can be freely reused and improved by others.”
- 10. Applies to: Only work that is developed by the grantee with the grant funds.
- 11. Does not apply to: Pre-existing copyrighted materials licensed to, or purchased by the grantee from third parties, including modifications of such materials. Works created without grant funds.
- 12. “This license allows subsequent users to copy, distribute, transmit and adapt the copyrighted Work and requires such users to attribute the Work in the manner specified by the grantee. Notice of the license shall be affixed to the Work. For general information on CC BY, please visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0.”
- 14. Why?
- 15. CC BY is a free copyright license
- 18. Created by a nonprofit organization (Creative Commons)
- 19. that creates other free legal tools
- 21. What do we do? We make sharing content easy, legal, and scalable.
- 23. The problem: Traditional © designed for old distribution models
- 24. Cost of “Copy” For one 250 page book: • Copy by hand - $1,000 • Copy by print on demand - $4.90 • Copy by computer - $0.00084 CC BY: David Wiley, BYU
- 25. Cost of “Distribute” For one 250 page book: • Distribute by mail - $5.20 • print-on-demand (2000+ copies) • Distribute by internet - $0.00072 CC BY: David Wiley, BYU
- 26. Copy and distribute are (almost) “free” This changes everything
- 27. Technically easy but legally not so easy.
- 28. How do we do it? Free © licenses that creators can attach to their works
- 30. Public Domain Dedication Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) Licenses
- 32. Lawyer Readable Legal Code
- 37. Agenda 1. DOL TAACCCT CC BY requirement 2. Creative Commons and CC BY 3. Open Educational Resources 4. How does this affect my TAACCCT work? 5. How do I mark works with CC BY? 6. Examples 7. Full impact exploration 8. Help & Questions
- 38. Open Educational Resources (OER)
- 39. “OER are teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property license that permits their free use and re-purposing by others.”
- 40. 5Rs: The Powerful Rights of OER • Make, own, and control your own copy of the content Retain Reuse • Use the content in its unaltered form • Adapt, adjust, modify, improve, or alter the content Revise • Combine the original or revised content with other OER to create something new Remix • Share your copies of the original content, revisions, or remixes with others Redistribute
- 41. With $2 billion over 4 years, TAACCCT is the largest OER* initiative in the world. *thanks to CC BY license requirement
- 42. U.S. DOL: Why did we do this?
- 43. “We did this because open licensing increases the impact of our investment and helps us to be more strategic with our future investments.”
- 44. “From a public policy perspective, the Department is a better steward of public funds by giving the public access to those things created using public funds, and ensuring that these products have as wide spread a use as possible.”
- 45. “TAACCCT is a really big investment. But we expect that OER will allow the impact to be even greater than just the 800 colleges with new curricula and equipment that we directly funded.”
- 48. Bottom line: public access to publicly funded works
- 49. Agenda 1. DOL TAACCCT CC BY requirement 2. Creative Commons and CC BY 3. Open Educational Resources 4. How does this affect my TAACCCT work? 5. How do I mark works with CC BY? 6. Examples 7. Full impact exploration 8. Help & Questions
- 50. But.. What does this mean for me practically speaking?
- 51. Thanks to CC BY: I can build on R1 TAACCCT OER. I save $ b/c I share development costs. I save time and effort. I can improve my resource with others.
- 52. Thanks to CC BY: Costs are lower for students. I am an example of open policy. New partnerships and market opportunities innovation Local, regional, international
- 53. Full Potential Impact 1. Authoring new OER – Attaching a CC BY license – Examples 2. Use existing OER in your development – Sourcing OER – Reusing, revising, remixing OER 3. Sharing & distributing OER publicly – Repositories for storage, curation, and distribution 4. Leveraging OER through open pedagogies 5. Promoting and marketing to students 6. Leveraging OER by establishing downstream local, regional, national, and international partners
- 54. Except where otherwise noted, this presentation by Creative Commons is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/by/4.0.
- 55. Attributions Note: Please keep in mind that Creative Commons and the double C in a circle are registered trademarks of Creative Commons in the United States and other countries. Third party marks and brands are the property of their respective holders. Photo: “fuzzy copyright” Author: Nancy Sims Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/pugno_muliebriter/1384247192/ License: CC BY-NC http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0 Photo: “telephone pole in Vancouver Valentines Day 2012” Author: Paul Stacey License: CC BY https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Notas del editor
- So first, let’s begin with the stuff you already know from a big picture angle. The TACT grant program. With $2 billion dollars being distributed over 4 years starting in 2011, TACT is the largest OER initiative in the world. OER stands for Open Educational Resources. How many of you in the room are familiar with the term OER? I’ll talk about OER more in depth later, but for now just know that TACT is an OER initiative thanks to the CC By license requirement of the grant program which requires that all new materials developed with grant funds are openly licensed to the public under the CC BY license. All $2 billion of these funds are being granted to community colleges to: Expand education and career training programs that can be completed in two years or less In order to Help adults acquire the skills and credentials needed for high-wage, high-skill employment while also meeting the needs of employers TACT is the single largest Federal investment in the Community College system
- TACT focuses on the industry sectors where there is high potential for growth. This graph is based on awards granted so far, and you can see that the most popular sectors are Basic Education, Health, and Manufacturing, followed by energy, transportation, and information technology TACT is all about creating open educational resources in the vocational industry that make up the U.S. economy.
- On to the first question – what is the CC BY requirement in the TAACCCT grant?
- This language is taken directly from your SGA, and it is exists in for all four rounds of TACT grantees. The requirement states: “To ensure that the…” Here I underlined a few phrases because I’ll be expanding on them later. The Department of Labor is requiring the CC By license to First of all - broaden its impact and Secondly - to encourage innovation So let’s put these two points on the backburner now, and go on to examine the rest of the SGA language.
- The purpose of the CC BY license is to ensure that materials developed with funds result in Work that can be freely reused and improved by others. The CC By license is the legal mechanism by which others may reuse and improve the materials that you and your team will develop with grant funds. And the idea is that this reuse and improvement will broaden the impact of your materials, and also fuel innovation based on these materials.
- One point of clarification I’d like to make, that is also expressly stated within your SGA, is that the license requirement only applies to materials that you create with TACT grant funds. So simply stated, if you own the material you create, you must add a CC BY license to it. This applies to existing material you own that you make changes or additions to with grant funds as well. If you don’t own material, you don’t have to CC BY license it because you don’t have the rights to do so.
- So that means that the CC BY license requirement does not apply to: Any “pre-existing copyrighted materials licensed to or purchased from third parties, including modifications to such materials” And of course the requirement does not apply if you did not use grant funds to create it. So for example, let’s say you have a set of textbooks that you licensed from Pearson or another textbook publisher and they’ve been working just fine for you and you don’t want to switch out these textbooks with new resources. Under the terms of this grant, you can continue to license those textbooks from Pearson without having to worry about applying the CC BY license because you don’t own the textbooks – Pearson does. The requirement only applies to new materials that you develop with the grant funds. Now, we don’t encourage you to spend your grant money leasing proprietary textbooks because you’ll only end up having to lease the textbooks from Pearson again a couple years down the line, but I want to be clear that the grant technically does not disallow this.
- Most of you will be creating new materials with grant funds, and for those materials, this is what the CC BY license allows users, especially other TACT grantees, to do with the materials you develop. The CC BY license “allows subsequent..” If you visit the link, you will be taken to the license deed which tells you exactly what you can and can’t do with a CC BY licensed work. Adding a CC BY license to your work does not mean you give up your copyright; on the contrary, it means you are maintaining your copyright under the conditions of the license. All users are required to give you proper attribution, or credit, for your work.
- These are the various symbols for the CC BY license that you’ll see out there on the world wide web. They are also the symbols you may choose from to affix to the materials you will develop. So whenever you see this symbol of a person, kind of like a men’s bathroom sign, think CC BY or Creative Commons Attribution.
- Now I’m going to expand upon the points I touched on earlier – why the Department of Labor decided to make CC BY a requirement as part of this program. Hopefully, by the end of this session, you will be convinced that the CC BY license requirement for publicly funded materials is a good and even very smart thing. In order to tell you why, I have to tell you a little bit more about Creative Commons and how it works.
- In a nutshell, CC BY is a free copyright license. It’s free because anyone may use it to grant copyright permissions to their creative, educational, or scientific work. You don’t have to hire a lawyer to write a license for you or to negotiate a separate intellectual property contract. That’s what CC BY is for.
- This is the CC BY license deed. You can see that it very clearly tells you that you are free to share and adapt the work, for any purpose, even commercially, AS LONG AS Attribution or appropriate credit is given. And the deed further explains what that all entails.
- If you copy and paste the link from your SGA, as I mentioned earlier, you will be taken directly to the CC BY license deed. So you can look at this and read it if you want to know more about the legal fine print. But also know that you don’t have to worry about its legality because it was developed specifically so that normal people (who aren’t lawyers) wouldn’t have to worry about the legal details.
- The CC BY license was created by a nonprofit organization, known as Creative Commons,
- That also creates other copyright licenses and legal tools for you to use – all for free.
- Our reach is global. We work with legal experts in 75 countries to make sure that our licenses are aligned to national and international copyright laws. Because of this, we are the standard for open content licensing pretty much everywhere.
- If I had to tell you in one sentence what we do as an org, I would say that we work to make sharing content easy, legal, and scalable.
- We work to do this because it’s not always so easy, legal, or scalable when it comes to copyright law, which governs how you can share copies of content both on and offline.
- There is a growing problem which you may already be aware of – the fact that copyright law is having trouble keeping up with technological change, especially with a technological advancement called the Internet. Today more than ever before we can share copies of materials, whether they are textbooks, songs, videos, or emails, with the click of a button. But the law, which was designed before this was possible, says most of this is pretty much illegal unless you ask for express permission each and every time.
- Clearly, the Internet has empowered us to copy and share with an efficiency never before known or imagined. However, long before the Internet was invented, copyright law began regulating the very activities the Internet makes essentially free (copying and distributing). Consequently, the Internet was born at a severe disadvantage, as preexisting laws discouraged people from realizing the full potential of the network.
- Which, if we are honest, most of us don’t do. In the age of web browsers and smart phones, it’s really easy to technically share a work – to copy, publicly perform, display, build upon and distribute works. But legally, it’s even more complicated than before Because it’s so easy to share and the laws haven’t kept up.
- Which is why Creative Commons was founded in 2003 – to address this tension in the system. Creative Commons proposed to make it simpler for people to share by developing a preset suite of copyright licenses that anyone could use to grant copyright permissions to their works. This way, even the average blogger could have more options in how they shared their work without having to hire a lawyer.
- This set of copyright licenses became known as Creative Commons licenses. Creative Commons licenses exist in the middle ground between the public domain and all rights reserved copyright because you are only giving away some of your rights while keeping copyright. All CC licenses are made up of the four conditions shown here. From left to right are the symbols for: Attribution, ShareAlike, Noncommercial, and NoDerivatives.
- Six possible combinations of these conditions exist, which means that there are six Creative Commons licenses. In addition to our licenses, we also have a public domain dedication tool. But for the purposes of this grant, the only license you have to worry about is the CC BY license. Which as we saw earlier, allows you to copy, adapt, and redistribute a work for any purpose, even commercially, as long as you give credit to the original creator.
- The CC BY license (and all CC licenses) are made up of three layers. This is a fancy way of saying that you can communicate the license in three different ways: one way for lawyers, one way for normal folks like you and me, and one way for machines. This unique three layer design is part of what makes CC the global standard for copyright licensing.
- So the first layer is the actual license, the document that lawyers have drafted and vetted so that the license works like it’s supposed to according to US and international copyright laws. This is called the lawyer readable legal code because it is written by and for lawyers.
- * But since most of us are not lawyers, we also make the licenses available in a format that normal people can read and understand. * We call this the “human readable” summary of the license, which sums up the most important terms and conditions of the license into non-technical language. * This is the second layer of the license – and you can think of it as the user-friendly interface to the actual license.
- The third and final layer of the license design is the machine-readable metadata. This is what really makes the CC license appropriate for the Internet age. This small snippet of HTML code summarizes the CC license and associated information (such as who the work is authored by) into a format that software, search engines like Google, and other kinds of technology can understand. You don’t have to worry about coming up with this code by yourself, because we have a tool that gives it to you. All you have to do is copy and paste into your webpage.
- Because CC licenses have been designed with lawyers, humans, and machines in mind, many people and organizations have adopted them around the world. We estimate that there are at least 500 million works under CC licenses out there today. This is actually a very conservative estimate…
- Because as you can see, since 2003 the number of CC licensed works has been growing exponentially
- Many of these millions of works are educational resources. You may recognize some of these organizations – such as MIT OpenCourseWare, one of the first adopters of CC licenses, the Khan Academy and Boundless, the open textbook publishing company. Because these educational resources are licensed with CC licenses, they are open educational resources. CC licenses are what make open educational resources possible; We like to say that CC is the legal framework or backbone of the OER movement.
- The Hewlett Foundation, one of the first and primary funders of OER defines OER as: “Teaching, learning… “ It’s important to note that OER are both: Free to use – which means that you can access them And free to Repurpose – which means that you can do more than just read them on a screen: that you can also edit, translate, and otherwise adapt them.
- So when I said earlier that TACT is the largest OER initiative in the world thanks to the CC BY license, that’s what I meant. The CC BY license is what will make the resources you produce as part of this program open educational resources – b/c the CC BY license allows the public to not only reuse TACT grant materials, but to also revise, remix, and redistribute them.
- So revisiting the question about why the U.S. Department of Labor is requiring CC BY for TACT:
- In DOL’s own words, spoken at a prior DOL event, “We did this…” https://gist.github.com/virtix/42f52a8a7caf4c657582
- “From a public…”
- “TACT is a really big…”
- The bottom line is that we, along with the Department of Labor, believe that anything funded by taxpayer dollars should be made available back to the taxpayer. We believe in public access to publicly funded works. And since the TACT program is funded by the public, the DOL is requiring CC BY in order to make this public access possible. This grant program that we are a part of is probably the first of its kind of this size and scope, and we really view it as a huge leap forward in how public grant funds are managed. It’s a very exciting space that we have entered into.
- So it all makes sense from a big picture perspective, but what does this mean for you as the grantee practically speaking? Because you, or someone on your team, will be responsible for fulfilling the requirement.
- Well, for one thing it means that you can build on OER from previous rounds of TACT grantees. We some Round 1 grantees speak already today; I’ll also be going over examples of work already completed and CC BY licensed by these and other Round 1 grantees. It means you’ll be saving money because you won’t always have to reinvent the wheel. In fact, your SGA encourages all later Rounds to build on what came before. You can also share development costs with grantees in your round who are developing resources in the same industry sector. This means you are also saving time and effort. It also means that any resource you create can be used and improved by others, which means that you don’t have to pay for your resource to be improved since you can use those improvements just as other grantees may use your improvements.
- In turn, this lowers costs for the students who will actually be using the materials you develop – because it didn’t cost you as much to make and because the materials are openly available for them to use under the CC BY license. You are also an example of open policy for your district and state. The OER you develop will be legally available to be used theoretically forever, but at least longer than any proprietary textbook you lease to use for one or two years. The OER you develop will also result in partnerships and market opportunities you don’t necessarily expect, because when something is free, someone always figures out a way to market it, or at least build services around it. Think bottled water for example. And lastly, the reach of your OER will be just as international as it is local, since it can be adapted into different languages just as it can be adapted to different state standards.