The document is a worksheet on organic chemistry and hydrocarbons. It contains questions about topics like organic chemistry, hydrocarbons, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, isomerism, and reactions of hydrocarbons. The questions test knowledge of hydrocarbon structures, naming conventions, properties, and reactions.

1. Name …………………………………………………………………………………Date……………………..Class……………No……
Exercise 1: Organic Chemistry and Hydrocarbons
1. What is organic chemistry? __________________________________________________
2. Organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen are called_____________________ .
3. Is the following sentence true or false? Alkanes contain only single covalent bonds. ____________
4. What is the simplest alkane? ______________________
5. Circle the letter of each statement that is true about carbon’s ability to form bonds.
a. Carbon atoms have four valence electrons.
b. Carbon atoms always form three covalent bonds.
c. Carbon atoms can form stable bonds with each other.
Straight-Chain Alkanes
6. What are straight-chain alkanes? ______________________________________________
7. The names of all alkanes end with the suffix ______________________ .
Match the name of the straight-chain alkane with the number of carbon atoms it contains.
_______ 8. nonane a. 3
_______ 9. propane b. 4
_______ 10. heptane c. 7
_______ 11. butane d. 9
Hydrocarbon Compounds
12. Circle the letter of each condensed structural formula for pentane.
a. C5H12
b. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
c. CH3(CH2)3CH3
d. C — C — C — C — C
13. The ______________________ system names organic compounds according to their structure.
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2. Branched-Chain Alkane
14. Is the following sentence true or false? Hydrogen atoms are the only atoms that can bond to the
carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon. ______________________
15. A(n) ______________________ is an atom or group of atoms that replaces hydrogen in a
hydrocarbon.
16. Alkyl groups are named by removing the-ane ending of the parent hydrocarbon and adding
______________________ to indicate that one______________________ has been removed.
17. What is a branched-chain alkane? ____________________________________________
18. Circle the letter of the correct IUPAC name for the molecule below.
a. 2,2,4-triethylpentane
b. 3-methylpentane
c. 2,2,4-trimethylpentane
19. Draw a condensed structural formula for 2-methylhexane.
Properties of Alkanes
20. Is an alkane polar or nonpolar? ______________________
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3. Name …………………………………………………………………………………Date……………………..Class……………No……
Exercise 2: Hydrocarbon Compounds
Alkene
1. What is an alkene? ________________________________________________________________
2. Organic compounds that contain fewer than the maximum number of hydrogens in their
structures are called ______________________ compounds.
3. Which family of hydrocarbons are always saturated compounds?______________________
4. Circle the letter of the correct name for the alkene shown below.
a. 2,3-dimethyl-3-pentene c. 2,3-dimethyl-2-pentene
b. 2-methyl-3-methyl-2-pentene d. 3-ethyl-2-methyl-2-butene
5. Is the following sentence true or false? Rotation can occur around a carbon–carbon double bond.
__________
Alkynes
6. Hydrocarbons that contain one or more ______________________ covalent bonds between
carbons are called alkynes.
7. ______________________ is the simplest alkyne, and is also known by the common name
______________________ .
8 Complete the table below with the names of the indicated alkanes, alkenes,and alkynes. For the
alkenes and alkynes, assume that the multiple bond occurs between the first two carbons.
Number of carbons Alkane Alkene Alkyne
C6
C7
C8
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4. Exercise 3: Isomerism
Structural Isomers
1. What are structural isomers?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Is the following sentence true or false? Structural isomers have the same physical properties.
___________
3. How many structural isomers are there for C4H10? ______________________
Draw a condensed structural formula for the isomers
4. Name the structural isomers of C4H10. ___________________________________
Geometric Isomers
5. Molecules that differ only in the spatial configuration of their substituted groups are called
______________________ isomers.
6. What two things need to be present for the type of isomerism described in Question 5 to occur?
a. _________________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________________
7. What are the names of the molecules represented by the ball-and-stick models below?
__________________________ __________________________
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5. Name …………………………………………………………………………………Date……………………..Class……………No……
Exercise 4: Hydrocarbon Compounds
Draw the expanded and condensed structural formulas for the following compounds:
Compounds Expanded structural formulas Condensed structural
formulas
2-methylpentane
3-methylpentane
3-methyl-4,4-
diethylheptane
6-methyl-3-octane
chloromethane
cyclopentane
3-hexene
2-ethyl-4-methyl-1-
pentene
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6. Compounds Expanded structural formulas Condensed structural
formulas
trans-2-butene
cis-2-butene
trans-1,2-
dichloroethene
cis-1,2-dichloroethene
trans-2-pentene
4-ethyl-trans-2-
heptene
1-propyne
3-heptyne
4,4-dimethyl-1-hexyne
6-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl-1-
octyne
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7. Name …………………………………………………………………………………Date……………………..Class……………No……
Exercise 5: Hydrocarbon Rings
Cyclic Hydrocarbons
1. What is a cyclic hydrocarbon?
______________________________________________________________________________
2. The most abundant cyclic hydrocarbons contain ______________________ or
______________________ carbons.
3. What are the names of the cyclic hydrocarbons represented below?
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________
4. Is the following sentence true or false? Cyclic hydrocarbons that contain only single carbon–carbon
bonds are called cycloalkanes. ______________________
5. Circle the letter of each compound that is an aliphatic compound.
a. cycloheptane
b. butane
c. acetylene
d. 2-methylpropane
Aromatic Hydrocarbons
6. Is the following sentence true or false? Any substance that has carbon–carbon bonding
like that of benzene is called an aromatic compound. ______________________
7. What does it mean to say that benzene exhibits resonance?
______________________________________________________________________________
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8. 8. Molecules that exhibit resonance are more ______________________ than similar molecules.
9. When ______________________ is a substituent on an alkane, it is called a phenyl group.
10. What is the chemical formula for a phenyl group? ______________________
11. Circle the letter of the name of the compound shown below.
a. ethylhexene
b. dimethylbenzene
c. ethylbenzene
12. Derivatives of benzene that have ______________________ substituents are called disubstituted
benzenes.
13. Why do disubstituted benzenes always have three structural isomers?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Match the terms for naming a disubstituted benzene with the substituent positions
they represent.
_______ 14. meta a. 1,2
_______ 15. ortho b. 1,3
_______ 16. para c. 1,4
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9. Name …………………………………………………………………………………Date……………………..Class……………No……
Exercise 6: Reactions of Hydrocarbons
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reactions given below
1. propane + bromine
___________________________________________________________________________
2. benzene + chlorine
___________________________________________________________________________
3. ethane + (2 mol) iodine
___________________________________________________________________________
4. butane + fluorine
___________________________________________________________________________
5. 2-butene + hydrogen
___________________________________________________________________________
6. 2-pentene + hydrogen chloride
___________________________________________________________________________
7. 2-methyl-2-pentene + hydrogen chloride
___________________________________________________________________________
8. 1-hexene + fluorine
___________________________________________________________________________
9. 2-methyl-2-hexene + water
___________________________________________________________________________
10. 2-butyne + chlorine
___________________________________________________________________________
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10. 11. 4,4-dimethyl-2-pentyne + bromine
___________________________________________________________________________
12. 4,5-dimethyl-2-hexyne + (2 mol) water
___________________________________________________________________________
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11. Name …………………………………………………………………………………Date……………………..Class……………No……
Exercise 7: Derivatives of Hydrocarbon
1. Classify the following alcohols and give the IUPAC names:
OH
CH 3 OH
H2 H2
C C H 3C CH
HO C CH 3 C CH 3 HO CH H3C C CH 3
H2 H2
C CH 3
H2 CH 3 D
A B C
_____________ _____________ ____________ _____________
2. Draw the figure for hydrogen bonding between two ethanol molecules.
3. a) Write the structure for dimethyl ether and diethyl ether.
b) Is hydrogen bonding between ether molecules possible? _____________
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12. 4. Fill in the blanks
Type Structural formula IUPAC name Common name
Alcohol CH3CH2OH Ethyl alcohol
CH3CH2CH2OH Propyl alcohol
2-propanol
cyclohexanol -
Ether CH3OCH3 -
- Methyl ethyl ether
CH3CH2OCH2CH3 -
Aldehyde Methanal Formaldehyde
Acetaldehyde
Propanal
Ketone 2-pentanone Methyl propylketone
Diethylketone
Carboxylic acid HCO2H Formic acid
CH3CO2H Ethanoic acid
Butanoic acid Butyric acid
Ester CH3CH2CH2COOCH3 Methyl butyrate
Ethyl butyrate
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13. Type Structural formula IUPAC name Common name
Amine CH3NH2 Aminomethane
Aminoethane Ethylamine
CH3CH2NHCH2CH3 Ethylaminoethane
Amide HCONH2 Methanamide
CH3CH2CONH2 Propionamide
CH3CH2CONHCH3 N-methylpropanamide
CH3CH2CON(CH3)2 N,N-
dimethylpropanamide
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14. 5. Complete and balance the following reactions. Name the ester produced.
a) butanoic acid + ethanol
______________________________________________________________________________
b) propanoic acid + methanol
______________________________________________________________________________
c) butanoic acid + 1-butanol
______________________________________________________________________________
d) benzoic acid + methanol
______________________________________________________________________________
e) benzoic acid + 3-methyl-1-butanol
______________________________________________________________________________
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