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Product Costing - Cost Estimation in SAP
Cost Estimation
   •   The price of the finished goods (FG) and semi-finished goods (SFG) manufactured is determined
       through Standard Cost estimate.
   •   Standard cost is estimated based on the cost of input materials, planned cost of activities and
       overheads.
   •   It is the price at which the finished and semi-finished goods are valuated in finance.
   •   The standard cost once estimated is valid for a specific period interval.
   •   A standard cost estimate is created at the end of the period and is valid for the entire next
       period.


   •   When the standard cost estimate for the respective material (FG & SFG) is released, the system
       updates the result of this estimate as standard price in ‘Accounting 1’ and ‘Costing 2’ view detail
       screen of the material master record.
   •   This price is then valid for valuation of material in financial accounting till next cost estimate is
       run.
   •   The materials are revaluated when the next standard cost estimate is released.
   •   In this specific period interval, all the FG and SFG produced through production order or product
       cost collector are valued at the standard cost updated in the material master.
   •   This is termed as ‘Cost of goods manufactured’ (COGM).


Following are the important tools used in cost estimate.
   •   Costing Variant
   •   Cost Component Split
   •   Costing Estimate with/without quantity structure
   •   Costing Run/Price Update

       The above mentioned tools have been discussed in detail in this article to cover the concept
       behind the standard cost estimate in SAP.
Costing Variant




It is a key based on which standard cost is performed and valuated. Following are the control
parameters in costing variant.
(a) Costing Type :
It updates price such as ‘Standard price’ or ‘Commercial price’ or ‘Tax valuation’ price depending upon
the price update type. It contains the ‘calculation base ’ based on which prices are updated in material
master for FG and SFG.
For inventory valuation, calculation base will always be ‘COGM’. The COGM value will be determined
through ‘Cost component split’.
(b) Valuation Variant:
It searches prices of input materials, activities and overhead ( overhead cost sheet ) during cost estimate.
The strategy sequences for searching of the prices are specified for input materials, activities and
overhead in the valuation variant.
The strategy sequence prioritizes whether moving Avg. price, standard price or Info record price is to be
picked up for input material, plan or actual price is to be picked for activities. It also specifies which
costing sheet is to be used for overhead calculation (Material OH, Production OH).


Strategy Sequence : Input Material


Priority Strategy Sequence

       1       Moving Average Price
       2       Last Price from Purchasing Info Record


Strategy Sequence : Activity Prices
Priority Strategy Sequence
        1.      Actual Price of Previous Period
        2.      Plan Price for the Period
        3.      Plan Price as Average of All Fiscal Year Periods


(c) Date Control :
It determines period for which cost estimate is applicable.


(d) Quantity Structure control :
It determines BOM and routing which is to be considered for costing. It considers only those BOM and
Routing which have the status ‘Release for Costing’.


Cost Component Split
What elements of costs are to be considered in ‘Cost of goods manufactured (COGM)’ is specified in
Cost component structure. Each cost component mentioned in Costing (A) are captured in controlling
through cost elements which are grouped in Cost Component Structure (B) as COGM, COGS.
In Costing Type of costing variant, COGM will be specified as the calculation base for standard cost.
Therefore, the summation of COGM in Cost component structure will be carried to SFG’s and FG’s
material master as standard cost.
Cost estimate with quantity structure - CK11N
   •   Cost estimate with quantity structure is a tool for estimating material costs.
   •   It calculates standard cost of goods manufactured.
   •   CK11N is the transaction code for cost estimate with quantity structure.
   •   In cost estimate SFG or FG code, plant, costing variant, costing version, costing period interval,
       quantity structure date ( BOM and Routing), valuation date for input material in BOM and
       activities in routing needs to be specified.
   •   All dates as mentioned are defaulted by the system through Date control in costing variant which
       can be overwritten manually.
   •   In cost estimate, the system on the basis of costing variant and the finished good item code
       specified determines the quantity structure of the BOM and Routing.
   •   It then valuates the input materials in the BOM and the production activities from the routing with
       prices according to the strategy sequence maintained in the Valuation Variant (see costing
       variant) for input material and activities.
   •   It calculates the overhead as per Costing Sheet maintained in costing variant.
   •   Cost estimate gives break up of the costing according to the cost component split defined for the
       cost estimate.
   •   Cost estimate result needs to be saved before price update run or costing run.
   •   The cost estimate with quantity structure accesses data in the Production Planning (PP), Materials
       Management (MM), and Controlling (CO) application of the SAP System.



Cost Estimates without Quantity Structure: KKPAN
   •   Costing without a quantity structure is a tool for planning costs and setting prices for materials
       without reference to quantity structure ( BOM and routing ) in Production Planning.
   •   It is intended for materials with insufficient or no quantity structure data. It can also be used to
       enter data from non-SAP systems.
   •   This is very useful while simulating costing based on Management requirement without creating
       quantity structure in the system.
   •   A material cost estimate without a quantity structure enables to plan the costs for raw materials,
       internal activities, and external activities for a product in the form of a unit cost estimate.
   •   Unit costing is a type of spreadsheet that, due to its integration, can use existing master data
       and prices in the system, such as activity prices from Cost Center Accounting.
   •   Cost estimates without quantity structure can access data in various application components:
              • Materials Management (MM), such as material master records and services
              • Production Planning (PP), such as work centers and resources
              • Controlling (CO), such as cost centers and activity types
Costing Run / Price update:
   •   Once cost estimate is carried out, costing results needs to be transferred to material master for
       updating prices.
   •   Depending on the purpose of costing (Inventory valuation for AS-2, simulation costing for the
       purpose for management decision etc), selected price controls( Standard Price, Tax Valuation
       Price, Commercial Price) specified in the costing type ( see costing variant ) in the material
       master can be updated.
   •   When the cost estimate is ‘Marked’ Future standard price in the material master is updated.
   •   After marking, the cost estimate is ‘Released’, the new released standard price becomes the
       ‘Current standard price’ and standard price previously updated in ‘Current standard price’ is
       updated in the ‘Previous standard price’.
   •   The existing inventory gets revalued with the new current standard price and system passes
       following accounting entry for revaluation.

       FG/ SFG inventory A/c Dr / Cr
       Revaluation – Inventory Dr / Cr


       SAP T Code To be used
       Create Cost Estimate with quantity structure                     CK151N

       Display Cost Estimate with quantity structure                    CK13N

       Comparison with itemization                                      CK33

       Create Cost estimate without quantity structure                  KKPAN

       Change Cost estimate without quantity structure                  KKPBN

       Display Cost Estimate without quantity structure                 KKPCN

       Price Update                                                     CK24

       Create Costing Run                                               CKMATSEL

       Edit Costing Run                                                 CKMATCON
Accounting → Controlling →                   •    You prepare the material cost estimate with quantity structure, on basis of
Product Cost Controlling →                        data provided by Production Planning module.
Material Costing → Cost                      •    The cost estimate is a tool for planning non order-related costs and
Estimate with Quantity Structure                  establishing prices for materials.
→ CK11N - Create                             •    It is used to calculate the cost of good manufactured and cost of good sold
                                                  for each product unit
Accounting → Controlling →                   •    You can see the results of the saved material cost estimate. From here, you
Product Cost Planning → Material                  can call the reports for analysis purposes.
Costing → Cost Estimate with                 •    You want to display & analyse cost estimate that you have calculated &
Quantity Structure → CK13N –                      saved. You see the costing information, such as BOM, Routing, costing
                                                  variances etc, and you can see the cost estimates in 3 view: (1) itemization,
Display                                           (2) cost component - primary split view, (3) cost component – process view.

Accounting → Controlling →                   •    Once you have carried out a cost estimate for a material, you can transfer
Product Cost Controlling → Product                the costing results to the material master as prices.
Cost Planning → Material Costing             •    To set a new standard price in the material master, you must mark and
→ CK24 - Price Update → CK24 -                    release the standard cost estimate.
Price Update                                 •    Before you can mark and release a standard cost estimate, you must allow
                                                  standard cost estimates to be marked and released in a company code.
                                             •    If you release a standard cost estimate for a material, the marked price is
                                                  transferred into the material master record as the current standard price for
                                                  the current period.
                                             •    This price is then active for external accounting.
                                             •    The materials with "S" price control are valuated with the new standard
                                                  price.
                                             •    The current standard price becomes the previous standard price.
                                                  Simultaneously periodic unit price is used in single-level and multilevel
                                                  material price determination to valuate the materials for the closed period.
                                             •    Once you have released the cost estimate, you cannot create a new standard
                                                  cost estimate in this period.
                                             •    Although you can delete a released cost estimate, the materials are still
                                                  valuated with the released standard price.
                                             •    When a current standard cost estimate is deleted, the previous standard
                                                  price no longer becomes the current standard price.
                                             •    To determine a new standard price, you have to carry out costing, marking
                                                  and releasing afresh
CK24 Release Price Update            Once you have carried out a cost estimate for a material, you can transfer the costing results to
                                     the material master as prices.
                                     To set a new standard price in the material master, you must mark and release the standard
Accounting → Controlling → Product   cost estimate. Before you can mark and release a standard cost estimate, you must allow
Cost Controlling → Product Cost      standard cost estimates to be marked and released in a company code.
Planning → Material Costing → CK24 - If you release a standard cost estimate for a material, the marked price is transferred into the
Price Update → CK24 - Price Update   material master record as the current standard price for the current period. This price is then
                                     active for external accounting. The materials with "S" price control are valuated with the new
                                     standard price. The current standard price becomes the previous standard price. Simultaneously
                                     periodic unit price is used in single-level and multilevel material price determination to valuate
                                     the materials for the closed period.
                                     Once you have released the cost estimate, you cannot create a new standard cost estimate in
                                     this period. Although you can delete a released cost estimate, the materials are still valuated
                                     with the released standard price. When a current standard cost estimate is deleted, the
                                     previous standard price no longer becomes the current standard price. To determine a new
                                     standard price, you have to carry out costing, marking and releasing afresh.

                                        The cost estimate has the status ‘VO: Marked without errors’. Only the results of cost estimates
                                        that have been marked without errors can be released.


CK40N Edit Costing Run                  The costing run enables to cost, analyze, mark and release more than one product at
                                        the same time.

                                        Costing with quantity structure results in an explosion of the BOM and the derivation
of activity prices from the routings and work centers to create a cost estimate for each
                                        product.

                                        Marking the cost estimate results in the standard price becoming visible on the
                                        material master in the field Planned Price as the future standard price.

                                        Releasing the cost estimate can occur once the period roll-over has happened and the
                                        standard price becomes the current valuation price of the product. A financial
                                        document is created for the valuation difference of stock. Every goods issue in the new
                                        period will effectively be valued against the new standard price.

                                        Mass costing run for all products that are valuated at standard price.

                                        Requirements

                                        Bill of Materials (BOM’s) must be maintained. Activity prices must exist as planned
                                        prices on the cost centers linked to Work Centers. Routings and activity types must be
                                        maintained.

Accounting →Controlling →Product Cost During Production order settlement, either Work In Process (if incomplete delivery) or Variance
Controlling →Cost Object Controlling  (if complete delivery) is posted. If Variance is posted, any WIP posted before will be reversed.
→Product Cost by Order→Period-End
Closing→Single Functions              You want to post WIP or Variance after WIP & Variance calculation
→Settlement→
CO88 - Collective Processing -

Accounting → Controlling → Product  The costing run enables to cost, analyze, mark and release more than one product at
Cost Controlling → Product Cost     the same time.
Planning → Material Costing → CK40N
- Edit Costing Run                  Costing with quantity structure results in an explosion of the BOM and the derivation
                                        of activity prices from the routings and work centers to create a cost estimate for each
                                        product.
CK40N Edit Costing Run
                                        Marking the cost estimate results in the standard price becoming visible on the
                                        material master in the field Planned Price as the future standard price.

                                        Releasing the cost estimate can occur once the period roll-over has happened and the
                                        standard price becomes the current valuation price of the product. A financial
                                        document is created for the valuation difference of stock. Every goods issue in the new
                                        period will effectively be valued against the new standard price.

                                        Bill of Materials (BOM’s) must be maintained. Activity prices must exist as planned
                                        prices on the cost centers linked to Work Centers. Routings and activity types must be
                                        maintained.

                                        Mass costing run for all products that are valuated at standard price.
Accounting → Controlling → Product      The administrative data for the costing run (name, description, selection and structure explosion)
Cost Controlling → Product Cost         is deleted. The material cost estimates themselves are not deleted. You have to delete them in a
Planning → Environment → Costing Run    second step (delete test data).
→ CK44 - Delete Costing Run
                                        You have created costing run that you no longer wanted in the system. For example costing run
                                        with wrong dates or costing variant. When you create a new costing variant, you want to delete
                                        the first one with error.
CKAPP01 Display materials to be         The report displays the following materials:
costed                                       •     Materials that can be costed (the No Costing indicator is not set in the costing view of
                                                   the material master)
                                              • Materials for which no marked or released standard cost estimates exist in the system
                                        This report can be used to check if materials that do not have cost estimate (marked or
                                        released).
                                        Scenario
                                        Run this report to check if there are any semi-finished products ‘HALB’ or finished products to be
                                        costed in plant 1200.
CKAPP03 Display sales order to be       You can call up this report to obtain a quick overview of the sales order items to be costed. Flat
costed                                  product materials are costed on the sales order. The materials are costed and marked when the
                                        sales order is saved. It is possible that a sales order cost estimate, may be saved with error due
                                        to routings or BOM changes. In order to monitor these sales orders with incorrect cost estimates
                                        you need to run this report. The report lists down the sales order in the order of delivery date.
                                        The report has 2 columns Status SD and Costing status. In case of incorrect cost estimate the
                                        Status SD column will show COST and the costing status as blank.

                                        Run this report periodically or daily to find the sales order to be costed for configured material


CKR1 Reorganization of cost        You can delete costing results that are no longer required from the database when
estimate                           you specify certain criteria. This function is called reorganization
                                   You can delete cost estimates:-
                                       •     Future standard cost estimates
Accounting → Controlling → Product     •     Current standard cost estimates
Cost Controlling → Product Cost
                                       •     Previous standard cost estimates
Planning → Environment → Material
Costing → CKR1 - Delete Test Data      •     Cost estimates not in material master (cost estimates saved but not yet
                                           marked or released)
                                   Wrong cost estimate, due to wrong price of raw materials or error in BOM & routing,
                                   can be deleted. Then new cost estimates can be calculated. Be careful not to delete
                                   ‘Current standard cost estimates’ if there is already transaction data for that month.
CKR1 - Delete Test Data
                                   A cost estimate can only be deleted if it is not locked.
CO03 Display PP Production order        The PP Production order is the cost object for carrying production costs for manufacture of
                                        Finished product. All costs such as Material consumption, internal activities consumption is
Accounting → Controlling → Product      collected on the production order. The production order also provides the comparison of the
Cost Controlling → Cost Object          planned cost, target cost and actual cost.
Controlling → Product Cost by Order     .
→ Order → PP Production Order →         You need to see the actual costs collected on the Production order and also compare it with the
CO03 - Display                          planned cost.



CO88 Settlement prodn order collective During Production order settlement, either Work In Process (if incomplete delivery) or Variance
                                       (if complete delivery) is posted. If Variance is posted, any WIP posted before will be reversed.
Accounting →Controlling →Product Cost
Controlling →Cost Object Controlling   You want to post WIP or Variance after WIP & Variance calculation.
→Product Cost by Order→Period-End
Closing→Single Functions               Work In Process and Variance was calculated.
→Settlement→CO88 - Collective
Processing

CO88 - Collective Processing.


Accounting → Controlling →                   •    In this transaction you can compare the selected cost estimates against a
Product Cost Controlling → Product                material master price that you select.
Cost Planning → Information                  •    You want to compare the cost estimate calculated in the particular costing run
System → Summarized Analysis →                    with the current standard price of materials.
Analyze Costing Run →
S_ALR_87099931 - Price vs Cost
Estimate

KK87 Settlement of Prod. Cost      During Product Cost Collectors settlement, either WIP (at target cost) or Variance (if or
Coll – Individual                  both) is posted.
                                   Through the production process, Product Cost Collectors are debited with actual costs.
                                   The actual costs posted to a product cost collector can be more or less than the value
                                   with which a product cost collector was credited when the goods receipt was posted.
Accounting → Controlling → Product When you settle, this difference between the debit and credit of the product cost
Cost Controlling → Cost Object     collector is transferred to Financial Accounting (FI). Settlement also feeds data from
Controlling → Product Cost by      Cost Object Controlling to other components.
Period → Period-End Closing →      The following can happen during the settlement process:
Single Functions: Product Cost     The order balance can be reduced to zero by transferring to Financial Accounting (FI)
Collector → Settlement → KK87 -    the difference between the preliminary inventory valuation (goods receipt) and the
Individual Processing              actual costs incurred. The price difference can also be transferred to Profit Center
Accounting (EC-PCA).
                                     The total variance can be transferred to profitability segments in Profitability Analysis
                                     (CO-PA). This enables you to see an additional contribution margin in CO-PA. You can
                                     transfer the individual variance categories of the total variance to value fields in CO-
                                     PA in combination with certain cost elements or cost element groups
                                     You want to post WIP or Variance after WIP and Variance calculation.
KKAO Calculate WIP for PCC Coll   The WIP calculation function valuates the unfinished products (work in process).
                                  In the Product Cost by Period component, work in process is valuated at target costs.
Accounting → Controlling →        The operation quantities confirmed for the manufacturing orders or production versions
Product Cost Controlling → Cost   (only in repetitive manufacturing) that are not scrap are valuated at target cost in
Object Controlling → Product Cost accordance with the valuation variant for work in process and scrap.
by Period → Period-End Closing → You calculate work in process at target costs for the following objects:
Single Functions: Product Cost         • Product cost collectors
Collector → Work in Process →          • Production orders with quantity structure assigned to the product cost
Collective Processing → KKAO -             collectors
Calculate                              • Process orders assigned to the product cost collectors
                                       • As part of the period end processing Work In Process needs to be calculated
                                           for accurate period end closing.
Calculate WIP prodn order            The system calculates Work In Process (WIP) to determine the costs incurred for
collective – KKAO                    materials that have not yet been delivered to stock. This calculates the value of the
Accounting → Controlling → Product   unfinished goods.
Cost Controlling → Cost Object       In Product Cost by Order the work in process is calculated for the Manufacturing
Controlling → Product Cost by        Order. The work in process for manufacturing orders is normally calculated at actual
Order → Period-End Closing →         costs. Work in process at actual costs is calculated as the difference between the
Single Functions → Work in Process   debits for material withdrawals, internal activity allocations, external activities, and
→ Collective Processing → KKAO -     overhead costs (that is, the Actual Costs assigned to the object) and the Actual Credits
Calculate                            from goods receipts for delivery to stock.
                                     The work in process can be transferred to Financial Accounting and Profit Center WIP
                                     = amount if only partial Goods Receipts has been performed.
                                     WIP = 0 if only complete Goods Receipts has been performed.
                                     You want to calculated WIP either when Order is completed or at month end. WIP
                                     must be calculated when order is completed. In this case WIP =0. WIP must also be
                                     calculated at month end even though order is not completed. In this case WIP=amount.
KKAQ Display WIP for CO            The system calculates Work In Process (WIP) to determine the costs incurred for
Production Order Coll.             materials that have not yet been delivered to stock. This calculates the value of the
                                   unfinished goods.
                                   In Product Cost by Order the work in process is calculated for the Manufacturing
                                   Order. The work in process for manufacturing orders is normally calculated at actual
Accounting → Controlling → Product costs. Work in process at actual costs is calculated as the difference between the
Cost Controlling → Cost Object     debits for material withdrawals, internal activity allocations, external activities, and
Controlling → Product Cost by      overhead costs (that is, the Actual Costs assigned to the object) and the Actual Credits
Order → Period-End Closing →       from goods receipts for delivery to stock.
Single Functions → Work in Process The work in process can be transferred to Financial Accounting and Profit Center WIP
→ Collective Processing → KKAQ -   = amount if only partial Goods Receipts has been performed.
Display                            WIP = 0 if only complete Goods Receipts has been performed.


KKAS Calculate WIP for PCC –         The WIP calculation function valuates the unfinished products (work in process).
Individual                           In the Product Cost by Period component, work in process is valuated at target costs.
                                     The operation quantities confirmed for the manufacturing orders or production versions
Accounting → Controlling → Product   (only in repetitive manufacturing) that are not scrap are valuated at target cost in
Cost Controlling → Cost Object       accordance with the valuation variant for work in process and scrap.
Controlling → Product Cost by        You calculate work in process at target costs for the following objects:
Period → Period-End Closing →
Single Functions: Product Cost            • Product cost collectors
Collector → Work in Process →             • Production orders with quantity structure assigned to the product cost
Individual Processing → KKAS -                collectors
Calculate                                 • Process orders assigned to the product cost collectors

                                         As part of the period end processing Work In Process needs to be calculated
                                             prior to variance calculation and settlement for accurate period end closing
•
Display WIP for Product Cost –            •    The system calculates the work in process. The work in process is updated to
Collective - KKAT                              the product cost collector or manufacturing order under results analysis cost
Accounting → Controlling → Product             elements.
Cost Controlling → Cost Object            •    You want to display work in process that you calculated.
Controlling → Product Cost by
Period → Period-End Closing →
Single Functions: Product Cost
Collector → Work in Process →
Individual Processing → KKAT -
Display

KKAX Calculate WIP Individually-     The WIP calculation process valuates the unfinished products (work in process).
KKAX                                 In the Product Cost by Order component, the work in process is valuated at actual costs. Work in
                                     process is the difference between the debit and credit of an order that has not been completely
Accounting → Controlling → Product   delivered. This method determines the work in process for each production order by calculating
Cost Controlling → Cost Object       the difference between the actual costs incurred and the actual costs settled (that is, the
Controlling → Product Cost by        difference between the debits for goods issues, internal activity allocations, external activities,
Order → Period-End Closing →         and overhead on the one hand, and the credits for goods receipts on the other). Once the last
Single Functions → Work in Process   part of the order lot has been delivered to stock, any remaining work in process must be
                                     canceled so that the order costs can properly be settled to stock.
→ Individual Processing → KKAX -
                                     The status of the order determines whether WIP calculation creates or cancels the work in
Calculate                            process.
                                     If the order has the status REL (released), the system can calculate work in process.
                                     Once the order receives the status DLV (Delivered) or TECO (Technically completed), the work in
                                     process calculated in a previous period is canceled.
Display WIP for Prod. Order –        The system calculates Work In Process (WIP) to determine the costs incurred for
Individual - KKAY                    materials that have not yet been delivered to stock. This calculates the value of the
Accounting → Controlling →           unfinished goods.
Product Cost Controlling → Cost      In Product Cost by Order the work in process is calculated for the Manufacturing
Object Controlling → Product Cost    Order. The work in process for manufacturing orders is normally calculated at actual
by Order → Period-End Closing →      costs. Work in process at actual costs is calculated as the difference between the
Single Functions → Work in           debits for material withdrawals, internal activity allocations, external activities, and
Process → Individual Processing →    overhead costs (that is, the Actual Costs assigned to the object) and the Actual Credits
KKAY - Display                       from goods receipts for delivery to stock.
                                     The work in process can be transferred to Financial Accounting and Profit Center WIP
                                     = amount if only partial Goods Receipts has been performed.
                                     WIP = 0 if only complete Goods Receipts has been performed.
Accounting → Controlling →           To select data for a drill down report, you must first execute a data collection run. The
Product Cost Controlling → Cost      selected dataset is saved. You access this saved dataset when you execute the report.
Object Controlling → Product Cost    You can execute the data collection for one plant or for all plants in a controlling area.
by Order → Information System →
Tools → Data Collection →            You can also select the summarization time frame. The values in the summarization time
S_ALR_87013099 – For Product         frame are re-summarized and any old values are overwritten. Summarized values that
Drill down                           are outside of the summarization time frame are retained.
                                         • This step should be done before you execute the product drill down report
KKS1 -                                         Collective Processing
Accounting → Controlling →           The system compares the control costs with the target costs and assigns the variances
Product Cost Controlling → Cost      to variance categories. The variances are assigned to variance categories in the
                                     following sequence:
Object Controlling → Product
Cost by Order → Period-End                • Input price variance
Closing → Single Functions →              • Resource-usage variance
Variances →                               • Input quantity variance
                                          • Remaining input variance
                                          • Mixed-price variance
                                          • Output price variance
                                          • Lot size variance
                                          • Remaining variance

                                     Variance = 0 if only partial Goods Receipts has been performed.
•   Variance = amount if only complete Goods Receipts has been performed.
KKS2                                 •   Individual Processing
Accounting → Controlling → Product
Cost Controlling → Cost Object
Controlling → Product Cost by            Same Narration
Order → Period-End Closing ->
Single Functions → Variances →
KKS2 - Individual Processing

KKS5                                     Variance calculation product cost collector – collective Processing
Accounting → Controlling →           •   You use this transaction to calculate the variances for all product cost collectors in a
                                         plant.
Product Cost Controlling →
                                     •   The system compares the control costs with the target costs and assigns the variances
Cost Object Controlling →                to variance categories.
Product Cost by Period →             •   Target cost version 0 is used to explain the difference between the debit and credit
Period-End Closing → Single              of the product cost collector or manufacturing order. The target costs calculated on the
Functions: Product Cost                  basis of the current standard cost estimate are compared with the actual costs from
Collector → Variances → KKS5             which the work in process has been deducted. The difference is assigned to different
                                         variance categories depending on the cause. Only the variances calculated with
- Collective Processing                  target cost version 0 can be transferred to Profitability Analysis (CO-PA).
                                     •   With target cost version 1, production variances for the product cost collector are
                                         calculated using the target costs determined on the basis of the preliminary cost
                                         estimate for the product cost collector. If you are using a product cost collector, the
                                         target costs cannot be determined on the basis of the preliminary cost estimate for
                                         the manufacturing order. Target cost version 1 is used for informational purposes. It
                                         cannot be settled.
KKS6                                     Variance calculation product cost collector – Individual Processing
Accounting → Controlling →
Product Cost Controlling →
Cost Object Controlling →                Same Narration
Product Cost by Period →
Single Functions: Product Cost
Collector → Variances → KKS6
- Individual Processing
KO88                                     Individual Processing
Accounting →Controlling →Product     •   During Production order settlement, either Work In Process (if incomplete
Cost Controlling → Cost Object           delivery) or Variance (if complete delivery) is posted. If Variance is posted,
Controlling → Product Cost by            any WIP posted before will be reversed.
Order → Period-End Closing →         •   You want to post WIP or Variance after WIP & Variance calculation
Single Functions → Settlement →
KO88 - Individual Processing
KRMI                                     Actual costs
Accounting → Controlling →           •   This transaction gives you the actual line items on the Product Cost Collectors
Product Cost Controlling → Cost          created for particular material and production version.
Object Controlling → Product Cost    •   In Product Cost Controlling costs are collected on Product Cost Collectors with
by Period → Information System →         order types:
Reports for Product Cost by Period   •   RM01 - PCC for Repetitive Manufacturing
→ Line Items → Product Cost              RM01 - PCC for Process Orders
Collectors → KRMI - Actual Costs     •   CP01 – CO Production Orders
S_ALR_87013046                        Material Cost Estimate vs. Preliminary Order Cost Estimate.
Accounting → Product Cost             •   Report that compares a material cost estimate with the preliminary cost
Controlling → Product Cost                estimate for a manufacturing order.
Planning → Information System →       •   You can use this report to compare a material cost estimate with the planned
Object Comparisons → For Material         costs of manufacturing orders for this material.
→ S_ALR_87013046 - Material           •   You can use transaction KOC4 to find orders by material and plant. After
Cost Estimate vs. Preliminary Order       execution you can even display plan comparison between two selected
Cost Estimate                             orders via Goto -> Detailed analysis.
S_ALR_87013099                            Order Plan/Actual Comparison
Accounting → Controlling →            •   This transaction allows you to compare the costs of to separate cost collectors.
Product Cost Controlling → Cost           The reporting time frame can be cumulative or limited.
Object Controlling → Product Cost         Two orders are compared with each other on the basis of cost elements.
by Period → Information System →      •   Only the actual costs of two product cost collectors can be compared,
Reports for Product Cost by Period        because no planned costs are updated on product cost collectors.
→ Object Comparisons →                •   In Product Cost Controlling costs are collected on Product Cost Collectors with
S_ALR_87013099 - Order vs.                order types:
Order Plan/Actual Comparison
                                      •   RM01 - PCC for Repetitive Manufacturing
                                          RM01 - PCC for Process Orders
                                      •   CP01 – CO Production Order
S_ALR_87013127                            LIST OF ORDERS - Order Selection.
Accounting → Controlling →            •   This transaction gives you a list of the orders.
Product Cost Controlling → Cost       •   You can also view the details for an order from the order list.
Object Controlling → Product Cost     •   In Product Cost Controlling costs are collected on Product Cost Collectors with
by Period → Information System →          order types:
Object List → S_ALR_87013127 -        •   RM01 - PCC for Repetitive Manufacturing
Order Selection
                                      •   RM01 - PCC for Process orders
                                      •   CP03 - Planning CO Production Orders
                                      •   This transaction gives you a list of the orders. You can also view the details
                                          for an order from the order list.
S_ALR_87099931                            Price versus Cost estimate
Accounting → Controlling →            •   In this transaction you can compare the selected cost estimates against a
Product Cost Controlling → Product        material master price that you select.
Cost Planning → Information           •   You want to compare the cost estimate calculated in the particular costing run
System → Summarized Analysis →            with the current standard price of materials.
Analyze Costing Run →
S_ALR_87099931 - Price vs Cost
Estimate

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Estimate Product Costs in SAP

  • 1. Product Costing - Cost Estimation in SAP Cost Estimation • The price of the finished goods (FG) and semi-finished goods (SFG) manufactured is determined through Standard Cost estimate. • Standard cost is estimated based on the cost of input materials, planned cost of activities and overheads. • It is the price at which the finished and semi-finished goods are valuated in finance. • The standard cost once estimated is valid for a specific period interval. • A standard cost estimate is created at the end of the period and is valid for the entire next period. • When the standard cost estimate for the respective material (FG & SFG) is released, the system updates the result of this estimate as standard price in ‘Accounting 1’ and ‘Costing 2’ view detail screen of the material master record. • This price is then valid for valuation of material in financial accounting till next cost estimate is run. • The materials are revaluated when the next standard cost estimate is released. • In this specific period interval, all the FG and SFG produced through production order or product cost collector are valued at the standard cost updated in the material master. • This is termed as ‘Cost of goods manufactured’ (COGM). Following are the important tools used in cost estimate. • Costing Variant • Cost Component Split • Costing Estimate with/without quantity structure • Costing Run/Price Update The above mentioned tools have been discussed in detail in this article to cover the concept behind the standard cost estimate in SAP.
  • 2. Costing Variant It is a key based on which standard cost is performed and valuated. Following are the control parameters in costing variant. (a) Costing Type : It updates price such as ‘Standard price’ or ‘Commercial price’ or ‘Tax valuation’ price depending upon the price update type. It contains the ‘calculation base ’ based on which prices are updated in material master for FG and SFG. For inventory valuation, calculation base will always be ‘COGM’. The COGM value will be determined through ‘Cost component split’. (b) Valuation Variant: It searches prices of input materials, activities and overhead ( overhead cost sheet ) during cost estimate. The strategy sequences for searching of the prices are specified for input materials, activities and overhead in the valuation variant. The strategy sequence prioritizes whether moving Avg. price, standard price or Info record price is to be picked up for input material, plan or actual price is to be picked for activities. It also specifies which costing sheet is to be used for overhead calculation (Material OH, Production OH). Strategy Sequence : Input Material Priority Strategy Sequence 1 Moving Average Price 2 Last Price from Purchasing Info Record Strategy Sequence : Activity Prices
  • 3. Priority Strategy Sequence 1. Actual Price of Previous Period 2. Plan Price for the Period 3. Plan Price as Average of All Fiscal Year Periods (c) Date Control : It determines period for which cost estimate is applicable. (d) Quantity Structure control : It determines BOM and routing which is to be considered for costing. It considers only those BOM and Routing which have the status ‘Release for Costing’. Cost Component Split What elements of costs are to be considered in ‘Cost of goods manufactured (COGM)’ is specified in Cost component structure. Each cost component mentioned in Costing (A) are captured in controlling through cost elements which are grouped in Cost Component Structure (B) as COGM, COGS. In Costing Type of costing variant, COGM will be specified as the calculation base for standard cost. Therefore, the summation of COGM in Cost component structure will be carried to SFG’s and FG’s material master as standard cost.
  • 4. Cost estimate with quantity structure - CK11N • Cost estimate with quantity structure is a tool for estimating material costs. • It calculates standard cost of goods manufactured. • CK11N is the transaction code for cost estimate with quantity structure. • In cost estimate SFG or FG code, plant, costing variant, costing version, costing period interval, quantity structure date ( BOM and Routing), valuation date for input material in BOM and activities in routing needs to be specified. • All dates as mentioned are defaulted by the system through Date control in costing variant which can be overwritten manually. • In cost estimate, the system on the basis of costing variant and the finished good item code specified determines the quantity structure of the BOM and Routing. • It then valuates the input materials in the BOM and the production activities from the routing with prices according to the strategy sequence maintained in the Valuation Variant (see costing variant) for input material and activities. • It calculates the overhead as per Costing Sheet maintained in costing variant. • Cost estimate gives break up of the costing according to the cost component split defined for the cost estimate. • Cost estimate result needs to be saved before price update run or costing run. • The cost estimate with quantity structure accesses data in the Production Planning (PP), Materials Management (MM), and Controlling (CO) application of the SAP System. Cost Estimates without Quantity Structure: KKPAN • Costing without a quantity structure is a tool for planning costs and setting prices for materials without reference to quantity structure ( BOM and routing ) in Production Planning. • It is intended for materials with insufficient or no quantity structure data. It can also be used to enter data from non-SAP systems. • This is very useful while simulating costing based on Management requirement without creating quantity structure in the system. • A material cost estimate without a quantity structure enables to plan the costs for raw materials, internal activities, and external activities for a product in the form of a unit cost estimate. • Unit costing is a type of spreadsheet that, due to its integration, can use existing master data and prices in the system, such as activity prices from Cost Center Accounting. • Cost estimates without quantity structure can access data in various application components: • Materials Management (MM), such as material master records and services • Production Planning (PP), such as work centers and resources • Controlling (CO), such as cost centers and activity types
  • 5. Costing Run / Price update: • Once cost estimate is carried out, costing results needs to be transferred to material master for updating prices. • Depending on the purpose of costing (Inventory valuation for AS-2, simulation costing for the purpose for management decision etc), selected price controls( Standard Price, Tax Valuation Price, Commercial Price) specified in the costing type ( see costing variant ) in the material master can be updated. • When the cost estimate is ‘Marked’ Future standard price in the material master is updated. • After marking, the cost estimate is ‘Released’, the new released standard price becomes the ‘Current standard price’ and standard price previously updated in ‘Current standard price’ is updated in the ‘Previous standard price’. • The existing inventory gets revalued with the new current standard price and system passes following accounting entry for revaluation. FG/ SFG inventory A/c Dr / Cr Revaluation – Inventory Dr / Cr SAP T Code To be used Create Cost Estimate with quantity structure CK151N Display Cost Estimate with quantity structure CK13N Comparison with itemization CK33 Create Cost estimate without quantity structure KKPAN Change Cost estimate without quantity structure KKPBN Display Cost Estimate without quantity structure KKPCN Price Update CK24 Create Costing Run CKMATSEL Edit Costing Run CKMATCON
  • 6. Accounting → Controlling → • You prepare the material cost estimate with quantity structure, on basis of Product Cost Controlling → data provided by Production Planning module. Material Costing → Cost • The cost estimate is a tool for planning non order-related costs and Estimate with Quantity Structure establishing prices for materials. → CK11N - Create • It is used to calculate the cost of good manufactured and cost of good sold for each product unit Accounting → Controlling → • You can see the results of the saved material cost estimate. From here, you Product Cost Planning → Material can call the reports for analysis purposes. Costing → Cost Estimate with • You want to display & analyse cost estimate that you have calculated & Quantity Structure → CK13N – saved. You see the costing information, such as BOM, Routing, costing variances etc, and you can see the cost estimates in 3 view: (1) itemization, Display (2) cost component - primary split view, (3) cost component – process view. Accounting → Controlling → • Once you have carried out a cost estimate for a material, you can transfer Product Cost Controlling → Product the costing results to the material master as prices. Cost Planning → Material Costing • To set a new standard price in the material master, you must mark and → CK24 - Price Update → CK24 - release the standard cost estimate. Price Update • Before you can mark and release a standard cost estimate, you must allow standard cost estimates to be marked and released in a company code. • If you release a standard cost estimate for a material, the marked price is transferred into the material master record as the current standard price for the current period. • This price is then active for external accounting. • The materials with "S" price control are valuated with the new standard price. • The current standard price becomes the previous standard price. Simultaneously periodic unit price is used in single-level and multilevel material price determination to valuate the materials for the closed period. • Once you have released the cost estimate, you cannot create a new standard cost estimate in this period. • Although you can delete a released cost estimate, the materials are still valuated with the released standard price. • When a current standard cost estimate is deleted, the previous standard price no longer becomes the current standard price. • To determine a new standard price, you have to carry out costing, marking and releasing afresh CK24 Release Price Update Once you have carried out a cost estimate for a material, you can transfer the costing results to the material master as prices. To set a new standard price in the material master, you must mark and release the standard Accounting → Controlling → Product cost estimate. Before you can mark and release a standard cost estimate, you must allow Cost Controlling → Product Cost standard cost estimates to be marked and released in a company code. Planning → Material Costing → CK24 - If you release a standard cost estimate for a material, the marked price is transferred into the Price Update → CK24 - Price Update material master record as the current standard price for the current period. This price is then active for external accounting. The materials with "S" price control are valuated with the new standard price. The current standard price becomes the previous standard price. Simultaneously periodic unit price is used in single-level and multilevel material price determination to valuate the materials for the closed period. Once you have released the cost estimate, you cannot create a new standard cost estimate in this period. Although you can delete a released cost estimate, the materials are still valuated with the released standard price. When a current standard cost estimate is deleted, the previous standard price no longer becomes the current standard price. To determine a new standard price, you have to carry out costing, marking and releasing afresh. The cost estimate has the status ‘VO: Marked without errors’. Only the results of cost estimates that have been marked without errors can be released. CK40N Edit Costing Run The costing run enables to cost, analyze, mark and release more than one product at the same time. Costing with quantity structure results in an explosion of the BOM and the derivation
  • 7. of activity prices from the routings and work centers to create a cost estimate for each product. Marking the cost estimate results in the standard price becoming visible on the material master in the field Planned Price as the future standard price. Releasing the cost estimate can occur once the period roll-over has happened and the standard price becomes the current valuation price of the product. A financial document is created for the valuation difference of stock. Every goods issue in the new period will effectively be valued against the new standard price. Mass costing run for all products that are valuated at standard price. Requirements Bill of Materials (BOM’s) must be maintained. Activity prices must exist as planned prices on the cost centers linked to Work Centers. Routings and activity types must be maintained. Accounting →Controlling →Product Cost During Production order settlement, either Work In Process (if incomplete delivery) or Variance Controlling →Cost Object Controlling (if complete delivery) is posted. If Variance is posted, any WIP posted before will be reversed. →Product Cost by Order→Period-End Closing→Single Functions You want to post WIP or Variance after WIP & Variance calculation →Settlement→ CO88 - Collective Processing - Accounting → Controlling → Product The costing run enables to cost, analyze, mark and release more than one product at Cost Controlling → Product Cost the same time. Planning → Material Costing → CK40N - Edit Costing Run Costing with quantity structure results in an explosion of the BOM and the derivation of activity prices from the routings and work centers to create a cost estimate for each product. CK40N Edit Costing Run Marking the cost estimate results in the standard price becoming visible on the material master in the field Planned Price as the future standard price. Releasing the cost estimate can occur once the period roll-over has happened and the standard price becomes the current valuation price of the product. A financial document is created for the valuation difference of stock. Every goods issue in the new period will effectively be valued against the new standard price. Bill of Materials (BOM’s) must be maintained. Activity prices must exist as planned prices on the cost centers linked to Work Centers. Routings and activity types must be maintained. Mass costing run for all products that are valuated at standard price. Accounting → Controlling → Product The administrative data for the costing run (name, description, selection and structure explosion) Cost Controlling → Product Cost is deleted. The material cost estimates themselves are not deleted. You have to delete them in a Planning → Environment → Costing Run second step (delete test data). → CK44 - Delete Costing Run You have created costing run that you no longer wanted in the system. For example costing run with wrong dates or costing variant. When you create a new costing variant, you want to delete the first one with error. CKAPP01 Display materials to be The report displays the following materials: costed • Materials that can be costed (the No Costing indicator is not set in the costing view of the material master) • Materials for which no marked or released standard cost estimates exist in the system This report can be used to check if materials that do not have cost estimate (marked or released). Scenario Run this report to check if there are any semi-finished products ‘HALB’ or finished products to be costed in plant 1200.
  • 8. CKAPP03 Display sales order to be You can call up this report to obtain a quick overview of the sales order items to be costed. Flat costed product materials are costed on the sales order. The materials are costed and marked when the sales order is saved. It is possible that a sales order cost estimate, may be saved with error due to routings or BOM changes. In order to monitor these sales orders with incorrect cost estimates you need to run this report. The report lists down the sales order in the order of delivery date. The report has 2 columns Status SD and Costing status. In case of incorrect cost estimate the Status SD column will show COST and the costing status as blank. Run this report periodically or daily to find the sales order to be costed for configured material CKR1 Reorganization of cost You can delete costing results that are no longer required from the database when estimate you specify certain criteria. This function is called reorganization You can delete cost estimates:- • Future standard cost estimates Accounting → Controlling → Product • Current standard cost estimates Cost Controlling → Product Cost • Previous standard cost estimates Planning → Environment → Material Costing → CKR1 - Delete Test Data • Cost estimates not in material master (cost estimates saved but not yet marked or released) Wrong cost estimate, due to wrong price of raw materials or error in BOM & routing, can be deleted. Then new cost estimates can be calculated. Be careful not to delete ‘Current standard cost estimates’ if there is already transaction data for that month. CKR1 - Delete Test Data A cost estimate can only be deleted if it is not locked. CO03 Display PP Production order The PP Production order is the cost object for carrying production costs for manufacture of Finished product. All costs such as Material consumption, internal activities consumption is Accounting → Controlling → Product collected on the production order. The production order also provides the comparison of the Cost Controlling → Cost Object planned cost, target cost and actual cost. Controlling → Product Cost by Order . → Order → PP Production Order → You need to see the actual costs collected on the Production order and also compare it with the CO03 - Display planned cost. CO88 Settlement prodn order collective During Production order settlement, either Work In Process (if incomplete delivery) or Variance (if complete delivery) is posted. If Variance is posted, any WIP posted before will be reversed. Accounting →Controlling →Product Cost Controlling →Cost Object Controlling You want to post WIP or Variance after WIP & Variance calculation. →Product Cost by Order→Period-End Closing→Single Functions Work In Process and Variance was calculated. →Settlement→CO88 - Collective Processing CO88 - Collective Processing. Accounting → Controlling → • In this transaction you can compare the selected cost estimates against a Product Cost Controlling → Product material master price that you select. Cost Planning → Information • You want to compare the cost estimate calculated in the particular costing run System → Summarized Analysis → with the current standard price of materials. Analyze Costing Run → S_ALR_87099931 - Price vs Cost Estimate KK87 Settlement of Prod. Cost During Product Cost Collectors settlement, either WIP (at target cost) or Variance (if or Coll – Individual both) is posted. Through the production process, Product Cost Collectors are debited with actual costs. The actual costs posted to a product cost collector can be more or less than the value with which a product cost collector was credited when the goods receipt was posted. Accounting → Controlling → Product When you settle, this difference between the debit and credit of the product cost Cost Controlling → Cost Object collector is transferred to Financial Accounting (FI). Settlement also feeds data from Controlling → Product Cost by Cost Object Controlling to other components. Period → Period-End Closing → The following can happen during the settlement process: Single Functions: Product Cost The order balance can be reduced to zero by transferring to Financial Accounting (FI) Collector → Settlement → KK87 - the difference between the preliminary inventory valuation (goods receipt) and the Individual Processing actual costs incurred. The price difference can also be transferred to Profit Center
  • 9. Accounting (EC-PCA). The total variance can be transferred to profitability segments in Profitability Analysis (CO-PA). This enables you to see an additional contribution margin in CO-PA. You can transfer the individual variance categories of the total variance to value fields in CO- PA in combination with certain cost elements or cost element groups You want to post WIP or Variance after WIP and Variance calculation. KKAO Calculate WIP for PCC Coll The WIP calculation function valuates the unfinished products (work in process). In the Product Cost by Period component, work in process is valuated at target costs. Accounting → Controlling → The operation quantities confirmed for the manufacturing orders or production versions Product Cost Controlling → Cost (only in repetitive manufacturing) that are not scrap are valuated at target cost in Object Controlling → Product Cost accordance with the valuation variant for work in process and scrap. by Period → Period-End Closing → You calculate work in process at target costs for the following objects: Single Functions: Product Cost • Product cost collectors Collector → Work in Process → • Production orders with quantity structure assigned to the product cost Collective Processing → KKAO - collectors Calculate • Process orders assigned to the product cost collectors • As part of the period end processing Work In Process needs to be calculated for accurate period end closing. Calculate WIP prodn order The system calculates Work In Process (WIP) to determine the costs incurred for collective – KKAO materials that have not yet been delivered to stock. This calculates the value of the Accounting → Controlling → Product unfinished goods. Cost Controlling → Cost Object In Product Cost by Order the work in process is calculated for the Manufacturing Controlling → Product Cost by Order. The work in process for manufacturing orders is normally calculated at actual Order → Period-End Closing → costs. Work in process at actual costs is calculated as the difference between the Single Functions → Work in Process debits for material withdrawals, internal activity allocations, external activities, and → Collective Processing → KKAO - overhead costs (that is, the Actual Costs assigned to the object) and the Actual Credits Calculate from goods receipts for delivery to stock. The work in process can be transferred to Financial Accounting and Profit Center WIP = amount if only partial Goods Receipts has been performed. WIP = 0 if only complete Goods Receipts has been performed. You want to calculated WIP either when Order is completed or at month end. WIP must be calculated when order is completed. In this case WIP =0. WIP must also be calculated at month end even though order is not completed. In this case WIP=amount. KKAQ Display WIP for CO The system calculates Work In Process (WIP) to determine the costs incurred for Production Order Coll. materials that have not yet been delivered to stock. This calculates the value of the unfinished goods. In Product Cost by Order the work in process is calculated for the Manufacturing Order. The work in process for manufacturing orders is normally calculated at actual Accounting → Controlling → Product costs. Work in process at actual costs is calculated as the difference between the Cost Controlling → Cost Object debits for material withdrawals, internal activity allocations, external activities, and Controlling → Product Cost by overhead costs (that is, the Actual Costs assigned to the object) and the Actual Credits Order → Period-End Closing → from goods receipts for delivery to stock. Single Functions → Work in Process The work in process can be transferred to Financial Accounting and Profit Center WIP → Collective Processing → KKAQ - = amount if only partial Goods Receipts has been performed. Display WIP = 0 if only complete Goods Receipts has been performed. KKAS Calculate WIP for PCC – The WIP calculation function valuates the unfinished products (work in process). Individual In the Product Cost by Period component, work in process is valuated at target costs. The operation quantities confirmed for the manufacturing orders or production versions Accounting → Controlling → Product (only in repetitive manufacturing) that are not scrap are valuated at target cost in Cost Controlling → Cost Object accordance with the valuation variant for work in process and scrap. Controlling → Product Cost by You calculate work in process at target costs for the following objects: Period → Period-End Closing → Single Functions: Product Cost • Product cost collectors Collector → Work in Process → • Production orders with quantity structure assigned to the product cost Individual Processing → KKAS - collectors Calculate • Process orders assigned to the product cost collectors As part of the period end processing Work In Process needs to be calculated prior to variance calculation and settlement for accurate period end closing
  • 10. • Display WIP for Product Cost – • The system calculates the work in process. The work in process is updated to Collective - KKAT the product cost collector or manufacturing order under results analysis cost Accounting → Controlling → Product elements. Cost Controlling → Cost Object • You want to display work in process that you calculated. Controlling → Product Cost by Period → Period-End Closing → Single Functions: Product Cost Collector → Work in Process → Individual Processing → KKAT - Display KKAX Calculate WIP Individually- The WIP calculation process valuates the unfinished products (work in process). KKAX In the Product Cost by Order component, the work in process is valuated at actual costs. Work in process is the difference between the debit and credit of an order that has not been completely Accounting → Controlling → Product delivered. This method determines the work in process for each production order by calculating Cost Controlling → Cost Object the difference between the actual costs incurred and the actual costs settled (that is, the Controlling → Product Cost by difference between the debits for goods issues, internal activity allocations, external activities, Order → Period-End Closing → and overhead on the one hand, and the credits for goods receipts on the other). Once the last Single Functions → Work in Process part of the order lot has been delivered to stock, any remaining work in process must be canceled so that the order costs can properly be settled to stock. → Individual Processing → KKAX - The status of the order determines whether WIP calculation creates or cancels the work in Calculate process. If the order has the status REL (released), the system can calculate work in process. Once the order receives the status DLV (Delivered) or TECO (Technically completed), the work in process calculated in a previous period is canceled. Display WIP for Prod. Order – The system calculates Work In Process (WIP) to determine the costs incurred for Individual - KKAY materials that have not yet been delivered to stock. This calculates the value of the Accounting → Controlling → unfinished goods. Product Cost Controlling → Cost In Product Cost by Order the work in process is calculated for the Manufacturing Object Controlling → Product Cost Order. The work in process for manufacturing orders is normally calculated at actual by Order → Period-End Closing → costs. Work in process at actual costs is calculated as the difference between the Single Functions → Work in debits for material withdrawals, internal activity allocations, external activities, and Process → Individual Processing → overhead costs (that is, the Actual Costs assigned to the object) and the Actual Credits KKAY - Display from goods receipts for delivery to stock. The work in process can be transferred to Financial Accounting and Profit Center WIP = amount if only partial Goods Receipts has been performed. WIP = 0 if only complete Goods Receipts has been performed. Accounting → Controlling → To select data for a drill down report, you must first execute a data collection run. The Product Cost Controlling → Cost selected dataset is saved. You access this saved dataset when you execute the report. Object Controlling → Product Cost You can execute the data collection for one plant or for all plants in a controlling area. by Order → Information System → Tools → Data Collection → You can also select the summarization time frame. The values in the summarization time S_ALR_87013099 – For Product frame are re-summarized and any old values are overwritten. Summarized values that Drill down are outside of the summarization time frame are retained. • This step should be done before you execute the product drill down report KKS1 - Collective Processing Accounting → Controlling → The system compares the control costs with the target costs and assigns the variances Product Cost Controlling → Cost to variance categories. The variances are assigned to variance categories in the following sequence: Object Controlling → Product Cost by Order → Period-End • Input price variance Closing → Single Functions → • Resource-usage variance Variances → • Input quantity variance • Remaining input variance • Mixed-price variance • Output price variance • Lot size variance • Remaining variance Variance = 0 if only partial Goods Receipts has been performed.
  • 11. Variance = amount if only complete Goods Receipts has been performed. KKS2 • Individual Processing Accounting → Controlling → Product Cost Controlling → Cost Object Controlling → Product Cost by Same Narration Order → Period-End Closing -> Single Functions → Variances → KKS2 - Individual Processing KKS5 Variance calculation product cost collector – collective Processing Accounting → Controlling → • You use this transaction to calculate the variances for all product cost collectors in a plant. Product Cost Controlling → • The system compares the control costs with the target costs and assigns the variances Cost Object Controlling → to variance categories. Product Cost by Period → • Target cost version 0 is used to explain the difference between the debit and credit Period-End Closing → Single of the product cost collector or manufacturing order. The target costs calculated on the Functions: Product Cost basis of the current standard cost estimate are compared with the actual costs from Collector → Variances → KKS5 which the work in process has been deducted. The difference is assigned to different variance categories depending on the cause. Only the variances calculated with - Collective Processing target cost version 0 can be transferred to Profitability Analysis (CO-PA). • With target cost version 1, production variances for the product cost collector are calculated using the target costs determined on the basis of the preliminary cost estimate for the product cost collector. If you are using a product cost collector, the target costs cannot be determined on the basis of the preliminary cost estimate for the manufacturing order. Target cost version 1 is used for informational purposes. It cannot be settled. KKS6 Variance calculation product cost collector – Individual Processing Accounting → Controlling → Product Cost Controlling → Cost Object Controlling → Same Narration Product Cost by Period → Single Functions: Product Cost Collector → Variances → KKS6 - Individual Processing KO88 Individual Processing Accounting →Controlling →Product • During Production order settlement, either Work In Process (if incomplete Cost Controlling → Cost Object delivery) or Variance (if complete delivery) is posted. If Variance is posted, Controlling → Product Cost by any WIP posted before will be reversed. Order → Period-End Closing → • You want to post WIP or Variance after WIP & Variance calculation Single Functions → Settlement → KO88 - Individual Processing KRMI Actual costs Accounting → Controlling → • This transaction gives you the actual line items on the Product Cost Collectors Product Cost Controlling → Cost created for particular material and production version. Object Controlling → Product Cost • In Product Cost Controlling costs are collected on Product Cost Collectors with by Period → Information System → order types: Reports for Product Cost by Period • RM01 - PCC for Repetitive Manufacturing → Line Items → Product Cost RM01 - PCC for Process Orders Collectors → KRMI - Actual Costs • CP01 – CO Production Orders
  • 12. S_ALR_87013046 Material Cost Estimate vs. Preliminary Order Cost Estimate. Accounting → Product Cost • Report that compares a material cost estimate with the preliminary cost Controlling → Product Cost estimate for a manufacturing order. Planning → Information System → • You can use this report to compare a material cost estimate with the planned Object Comparisons → For Material costs of manufacturing orders for this material. → S_ALR_87013046 - Material • You can use transaction KOC4 to find orders by material and plant. After Cost Estimate vs. Preliminary Order execution you can even display plan comparison between two selected Cost Estimate orders via Goto -> Detailed analysis. S_ALR_87013099 Order Plan/Actual Comparison Accounting → Controlling → • This transaction allows you to compare the costs of to separate cost collectors. Product Cost Controlling → Cost The reporting time frame can be cumulative or limited. Object Controlling → Product Cost Two orders are compared with each other on the basis of cost elements. by Period → Information System → • Only the actual costs of two product cost collectors can be compared, Reports for Product Cost by Period because no planned costs are updated on product cost collectors. → Object Comparisons → • In Product Cost Controlling costs are collected on Product Cost Collectors with S_ALR_87013099 - Order vs. order types: Order Plan/Actual Comparison • RM01 - PCC for Repetitive Manufacturing RM01 - PCC for Process Orders • CP01 – CO Production Order S_ALR_87013127 LIST OF ORDERS - Order Selection. Accounting → Controlling → • This transaction gives you a list of the orders. Product Cost Controlling → Cost • You can also view the details for an order from the order list. Object Controlling → Product Cost • In Product Cost Controlling costs are collected on Product Cost Collectors with by Period → Information System → order types: Object List → S_ALR_87013127 - • RM01 - PCC for Repetitive Manufacturing Order Selection • RM01 - PCC for Process orders • CP03 - Planning CO Production Orders • This transaction gives you a list of the orders. You can also view the details for an order from the order list. S_ALR_87099931 Price versus Cost estimate Accounting → Controlling → • In this transaction you can compare the selected cost estimates against a Product Cost Controlling → Product material master price that you select. Cost Planning → Information • You want to compare the cost estimate calculated in the particular costing run System → Summarized Analysis → with the current standard price of materials. Analyze Costing Run → S_ALR_87099931 - Price vs Cost Estimate •