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Petrocapita Energy Update
February 2010




                    1
Summary




Global	demand	for	oil	is	projected	to	increase	up	to	
60%	by	2030.		To	achieve	this	production	level	we	
would	have	to	find	the	equivalent	of	6	Saudi	Arabia’s	
in	the	next	20	years.			

The	major	driver	of	this	demand	growth	is	
China.	China	is	undergoing	a	once	in	a	life-time	
industrialization	that	is	expected	to	increase	its	
consumption	from	its	current	lows	of	around	2-3	
barrels	per	person	per	year	to	developed	nation	levels	
of	around	20	barrels	per	person	per	year.		

Despite	this	challenging	supply/demand	environment,	
oil	is	trading	well	below	its	inflation-adjusted	peak	of	
around	US$105/bbl	from	the	1970s.
                                                            CONTENTS

                                                            2	 Inflation	Adjusted	Oil	Prices

                                                            2	 China’s	Oil	Demand

                                                            3	 Peak	Oil

                                                            4	 Commodity	bull	market		-	
                                                               CRB	SP	500	Ratio




                                                                                               1
Energy Update




INFLATION ADJUSTED OIL PRICES

Chart	1	shows	inflation	adjusted	oil	prices	and	                                (South	Korea	level)	in	30	years	(significantly	slower	
its	clear	that	even	though	the	global	supply	and	                               than	South	Korea)	global	production	will	have	to	
demand	situation	is	very	different	from	the	1980s	oil	                          increase	22%	from	84	million	BOPD	to	102	million	
is	currently	trading	significant	discount	to	its	1979	                          BOPD	the	next	10	years.		
inflation	adjusted	high	of	around	$105/bbl.
                                                                                Taking	into	account	production	decline	rates	we	will	
CHINA’S OIL DEMAND                                                              have	to	replace	26	million	BOPD	to	maintain	supply	-	
                                                                                30%	of	current	production	levels	and	almost	3	times	
China	will	be	the	key	future	driver	of	incremental	                             Saudi	Arabia’s	output.
energy	demand.		Petrocapita’s	research	indicates	
that	if	you	assume	China	moves	from	2.5	barrels	
per	capita	per	year	to	17	barrels	per	capita	per	year	
                                                                                   CHART 2: CHINA PER CAPITA OIL DEMAND


CHART 1: INFLATION ADJUST MONTHLY CRUDE
        PRICE (JUNE 2009 DOLLARS)

$140
           Dec.	1979	Monthly	Ave.	Peak	     June	2008	Monthly	Ave.	Oil	Price	
$120                                        $124.62	in	June	2009	Dollars
           $106.86	in	June	2009	Dollars
$100
 $80
       Nominal	Peak	$38	(Mo.	Ave.	Price)	
 $60 Intraday	Prices	peaked	much	higher
 $40
          Inflation	Adjusted	Oil	Price
 $20
       Nominal	Oil	Price                                                        China:	2	bbls       South	Korea:	17	bbls       US:	24	bbls
  $0
    1946
    1947
    1949
    1951
    1953
    1954
    1956
    1958
    1960
    1961
    1963
    1965
    1987
    1968
    1970
    1972
    1974
    1975
    1977
    1979
    1981
    1982
    1984
    1986
    1988
    1989
    1991
    1993
    1995
    1996
    1998
    2000
    2002
    2003
    2005
    2006
    2007
    2009




                                                                                Source:	IEA	-	annual	consumption	per	capita	
Source:		CPI-U	inflation	index,	www.ioga.com




                                                                                                                                         2
Energy Update (continued)




PEAK OIL

The	current	oil	markets,	are	dramatically	different	         –		 Approximately	1	million	BOPD	must	be	added	
from	their	1980s	counterparts.	China	is	now	second	              each	year	to	meet	demand	growth	
largest	oil	consumer	in	the	world	but	still	at	the	          –		 More	than	2/3	of	existing	capacity	must	be	
early	stages	of	increasing	its	per	capita	energy	                replaced	by	2030	to	prevent	production	declines
consumption	and	some	experts	believe	that	global	            –		 A	peak	in	conventional	oil	production	before	2030	
peak	oil	is	occurring	or	will	occur	within	next	10	years.	       appears	likely	with	a	significant	risk	of	a	peak	
Third	party	research	indicates	that:                             before	2020
–		 Average	decline	rate	of	post-peak	fields	is	at	least	
    6.5%	per	year	                                           Petrocapita’s	research	indicates	that	if	you	assume	a	
–		 Average	decline	rate	of	all	currently	producing	         2020	peak	oil	production	at	approximately	100	million	
    fields	is	at	least	4%per	year	                           BOPD	prices	could	increase	by	up	to	250%	in	real	
–		 Approximately	3	million	BOPD	must	be	added	              terms	in	the	next	10	years.	
    each	year	to	maintain	production	levels


                                 		In	1981:                                		In	2009:
 Global	consumption              -	69	million	bopd	                        -	84	million	bopd

 OPEC	spare	capacity             -	10	million	bopd                         -	2-3	million	bopd	

 Decline	rate                    -	existing	production	rate			             -	existing	production	rate	
                                 		increasing	approximately	1%	pa          		decreasing	approximately	4%	pa
 China	consumption	              -	2	million	bopd	or	approximately	        -	8	million	bopd	or	approximately	
                                 		1	bbl/person/year	                      		2-3	bbls/person/year
 US	consumption	                 -	24	bbls/person/year	                    -	24	bbls/person/year




                                                                                                                 3
Energy Update (continued)




COMMODITY BULL MARKET - CRB SP 500
                                                                   CHART 3: CRB INDEX VS. S&P 500
RATIO
                                                           4
The	ratio	of	the	Commodity	Research	Bureau	Total	
Return	Index	and	the	S&P	500	is	basically	the	value	
of	a	standardized	basket	of	commodities	compared	          3
to	the	value	of	a	basket	of	stocks	–	in	simple	terms	
how	much	stock	you	can	buy	with	a	fixed	amount	of	
commodities.		                                             2

It	is	noteworthy	that:
–	 The	50-year	average	for	this	ratio	is	around	1.1        1
      times
–	 During	the	commodity	bull	market	in	the	1970s,	
                                                           0
      the	ratio	peaked at over 3 times
                                                               1964		1970		1976		1982		1988		1994		2000	2006		2009
–	 The	ratio	is	currently	at	a	50	year	low	of	around
      0.2 times.	In	other	words,	we	are	at	a	very	low	   Source:	Commodity	Research	Bureau	Total	Return	Index,	
      relative	valuation	between	“hard	assets”	vs.	      Petrocapita	Research
      “stocks.”




                                                                                                                     4
Petrocapita Macro Update
February 2010
Summary




Complacent, comfortable and sitting on an economic
fault line - that’s what I see when I visualize the
West. Over the next 20 years as the baby boomers
try to retire, the effects of the poor decisions our
society has been making over the last 20 years will
come back to damage the foundation of our affluent
lifestyles. Why?
– Low savings rates – Western economies
     are heavily skewed to consumption with
     commensurately low savings rates while the
     emerging economies are skewed towards capital
     accumulation and have extremely high savings
     rates. China saves 40% of household disposable
     income, the US saves 6%. Only savings can
     create capital and because of this our capital pool   CONTENTS
     is shrinking while the emerging economies’ are
     growing. Capital, not consumption, drives growth      M3 Subsidizing failure – is this really the
     so we should expect growth to continue to slow           path to prosperity?
     in the west and continue to accelerate in the
     emerging world.                                       M3 Debt to GDP
– Inflation – The money supply in the west                 M3 Inflation the Insidious, Hidden Tax
     continues to grow more rapidly than any other
     time in history driven by fiscal deficits, currency   M4 There’s no God-given gift of a ‘AAA’
     interventions and bailouts. Financial assets tend        sovereign debt rating
     to perform poorly in periods of high inflation and
     a large part of western wealth is tied up in these    M6 Yuan is now the linchpin of the global
     types of investments.                                    financial system
– Debt – Debt to GDP levels are at all time highs          M6 US current account deficit with $200
     and growing. Unfortunately we have borrowed              oil?
     to support consumption so we have not created
     assets that generate cash flow to service our         M6 US Oversight Committee Says...
     debts. Our options are tax, repay, default or
     inflate. Which do you think is most likely?           M7 Who Do Mainstream investment Funds
– Demographics – Aging populations and large                  Actually Benefit?
     unfunded social programs with a diminishing
     number of workers to pay for them. On top of this




                                                                                                    M1
Summary (continued)




    we are increasingly competing with younger, well-
    educated work forces in emerging economies.
–   Energy – Western lifestyles are dependent on low
    cost energy with the highest per capita usage on
    the planet (think – long commutes, large houses
    etc).

How do you protect your retirement in this
environment?
– Protect and enhance your intellectual capital -
    continually strive to build unique, high value skills
    otherwise your only competitive advantage in the
    global market for services will be price.
– Protect the purchasing power of your savings
    and assets - place a portion of assets away from
    effects of local currency devaluation and inflation
– Energy price hedges
– Under consume and over-save
– Make demographics your ally and invest in
    countries that have young populations and high
    savings rates
– Start now – don’t delay and don’t rely on the
    government or house price appreciation to pay
    for it




                                                            M2
Global Macro Update




SUBSIDIZING FAILURE – IS THIS REALLY THE
PATH TO PROSPERITY?

Despite widespread belief to the contrary,                                       The situation is not much better in most other
government intervention into broad swathes of the                                western nations. Chart 2 shows the impact of
economy to support “too big to fail” companies                                   unfunded social obligations for ageing populations
is not a positive for future growth. There is an                                 across the developed world.
economic truism that whatever you subsidize you
get more of – hence by subsidizing failure we are
                                                                                 INFLATION THE INSIDIOUS, HIDDEN TAX
ensuring bigger failures in the future and worst of all
penalizing well run businesses. The firms that were                              Just 3% annual inflation over the course of a 45-
prudently managed leading up to the crisis should                                year working career can cause a 75% reduction in
have benefited from the demise of their poorly run                               the purchasing power of your money. Of course,
competitors – in a free economy capital would have                               inflation has been running much higher than a “mere”
flowed to the profitable businesses rather than the                              3%. The US government, like most others, regularly
loss making ones. The fact that this didn’t happen                               recalibrates its inflation indicators to make the
creates a perverse “if you can’t beat’em, join’em”                               numbers seem less alarming. Chart 3 highlights the
mentality with respect to risky and imprudent                                    disparity between the CPI-U produced by America’s
business practices.                                                              Bureau of Labour Statistics and the SGS Alternate
                                                                                 CPI produced by Shadow Government Statistics
DEBT TO GDP                                                                      using older, less massaged methodologies.

Up and away into the wild blue yonder…
                                                                                               CHART 2: IMPACT OF AGING
         CHART 1: TOTAL US DEBT TO GDP
                                                                                 300
380%
360%                                                      2009 Q3=369.7
                                                                                 250
340%
320%                           1933=299.8
300%                                                     2003=301.1              200
280%
260%                                                                             150
240%
220%                                                                             100
200%
180%     1875=156.4                                                               50
160%                                                                                   2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050
140%
                        1916=170.4                                                      Advanced G20 economies, government debt / GDP ratio
120%
100%                                                                                    projected as % GDP
    1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Source: BEA, Federal Reserve and Census Bureau                                   Source: IMF



                                                                                                                                              M3
Global Macro Update (continued)




As you can see, over the past 20 years, prices have                                                     money and inflating asset classes versus the rest of
been rising much faster than government numbers                                                         the participants in the economy. The net result is
would have you believe. If you are searching for a                                                      that wealth is redistributed from the inflatees to the
possible explanation for such a disparity Marc Faber                                                    inflators.
summed it up succinctly when he said, “Never ask
the barber if you need a haircut. Never ask the realtor                                                 THERE’S NO GOD-GIVEN GIFT OF A ‘AAA’
if the house you are considering buying is a bargain                                                    SOVEREIGN DEBT RATING
at the price offered. And never ask the government to
calculate the rate of inflation when it can save millions                                               As has been predicted by the extensive financial crisis
of dollars in cost-of-living adjustments.”                                                              research of Kenneth Rogoff, sovereign credit ratings
                                                                                                        are coming under pressure as fiscal deficits grow
In addition to a general erosion of purchasing power,                                                   rapidly and tax bases shrink. The following is some
inflation also has another more insidious effect.                                                       anecdotal evidence of this trend.
Because inflation does not happen in the aggregate –
does not increase the price of all goods and services                                                   –   Portugal - “If Portugal wants to avoid a
at the same rate at the same time - inflation benefits                                                      downgrade, it is going to have to take meaningful,
the groups who have first access to newly created                                                           credible steps to get the deficit under control,”
                                                                                                            said Anthony Thomas of Moody’s credit rating
                                                                                                            agency. Financial Times - January 10, 2010
                                                                                                        –   Iceland - Standard & Poor’s put Icelandic debt
                               CHART 3: CURRENT GOVERNMENTS                                                 under negative credit watch after Iceland’s
                                    CPI V. SGS ALTERNATE                                                    president blocked a bill of compensation for the
                                                                                                            failure of Icesave bank. The agency said “as a
                          15
                                                      CPI-U          SGS Alternate CPI                      result, we could lower our ratings on Iceland by
                                                                                                            one to two notches within a month”. Fitch credit
                          10                                                                                rating agency downgraded Iceland’s long-term
Year-to-Year Change (%)




                                                                                                            debt rating from BBB- to BB+ citing a “renewed
                                                                                                            wave of domestic political, economic and financial
                           5                                                                                uncertainty.” The Telegraph - January 6, 2010
                                                                                                        –   France and United Kingdom - Fitch Ratings
                           0                                                                                warned Britain and France that they risk losing
                                                                                                            their AAA status unless they map out a clear path
                                                                                                            to budget discipline over the next year. Telegraph
                          -5                                                                                - December 22, 2009
                           1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
                                                                                                        –   Mexico - Standard & Poor’s reduced Mexico’s
Source: John Williams’ Shadow Government Statistics                                                         credit rating one notch to BBB from BBB-plus.




                                                                                                                                                             M4
Global Macro Update (continued)




    The cut came after Fitch cut the country’s credit      –   Ukraine - Standard & Poor’s cut Ukraine’s
    rating one notch to BBB. This was Mexico’s first           credit rating two levels to the lowest in Europe.
    downgrade in over 10 years. Reuters - December             Ukraine’s long-term foreign currency rating was
    14, 2009                                                   lowered to CCC+, seven levels below investment
–   Dubai - Moody’s said that its rating downgrades            grade. S&P left the outlook negative, indicating
    reflect the weakening in Dubai’s economy and               a possible further cut. Bloomberg - February 25,
    the repercussions on its banks’ asset quality and          2009
    earning power. Reuters - December 10, 2009             –   United States - John Chambers, the chairman
–   Spain - Standard & Poor’s cut Spain’s credit               of Standard & Poor’s sovereign ratings committee
    outlook to negative from stable. “Reducing                 said pressure is building on the “AAA” rating of
    Spain’s sizable fiscal and economic imbalances             the United States. Chambers said “There’s no
    requires strong policy actions, which have not yet         God-given gift of a ‘AAA’ rating, and the U.S.
    materialized,” according to Standard & Poor’s.             has to earn it like everyone else.” Reuters -
    BBC News - December 9, 2009                                September 17, 2008
–   Greece - Fitch cut Greece to BBB+, outlook
    negative. Fitch said its move was due to
    “concerns over the medium-term outlook for
    public finances given the weak credibility of fiscal
    institutions and the policy framework in Greece.”               CHART 4: GLOBAL SOVEREIGN
    Wall Street Journal Online - December 8, 2009                       DOWNGRADE WATCH
–   United Kingdom and United States - Moody’s
    said U.S. and U.K debt ratings may “test the
    Aaa boundaries” because public finances are
    worsening in the wake of the global financial
    crisis. “The deterioration has been pretty
    severe,” said Pierre Cailleteau, managing director
    of sovereign risk at Moody’s. Bloomberg -
    December 8, 2009
–   Japan - Moody’s removed the Japanese
    government’s last triple-A foreign currency credit
    rating. The agency described the move as a
    largely technical one but also said Japan was in a
    worse position than many other governments in
    its top ratings bracket. Reuters - May 18, 2009




                                                                                                             M5
Global Macro Update (continued)




YUAN IS NOW THE LINCHPIN OF THE GLOBAL
FINANCIAL SYSTEM

The US has been exporting inflation with China’s           as underlying commercial real estate prices began
cooperation for over a decade via China’s fixed            to drop in late 2008. Once the bailout funds began
exchange rate with the dollar – eventually all the         to flow in 2009 REITs recovered rapidly and have
dollars, Euros, loonies etc that China has been            more than doubled from the stock market lows of last
absorbing will come home to roost causing global           March.
inflation. Although, the Chinese government keeps
the Yuan artificially depressed and appears set to do
so for the immediate future, the Yuan ultimately will be         CHART 5: REITS VERSUS S&P 500 INDEX
revalued causing a severe downturn in the currencies
of its trading partners. As part of the revaluation        300     Bloomberg Hotel REIT Index
                                                                   Bloomberg REIT Index
process China will stop buying US treasuries causing       250
                                                                   S&P 500 Index
                                                           200
interest rates to increase rapidly. Though US demand       150
for Chinese goods might rapidly decelerate this            100

could be offset by a large increase in the domestic         50
                                                             0
purchasing power of the Chinese economy and a              -50
large reduction in input costs for Chinese companies             27 4/17 5/18   29 6/19 7/10    31 8/21 9/11 10/20 23 11/13 12/4 25 1/15/10

(commodity prices will fall in Yuan terms) – domestic      Source: Agorafinancial.com
growth could accelerate in China.

US CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT WITH $200                       This presents something of a paradox as the
OIL?                                                       NCHREIF commercial real estate price index shows
                                                           that underlying commercial property prices have
Assuming 10 million bopd of imports, $200/bbl              fallen almost 40% and do not appear to justify such a
oil would add US$ 438 billion per year to the US           recovery – in fact the evidence strongly supports the
current account deficit. That would increase the           conclusion that conditions are still deteriorating.
deficit by approximately 4% of GDP on top of already
historically high levels – how would the US fund such      In the spirit of sublime understatement the latest
a deficit and sustain its way of life?                     Congressional Oversight Panel (COP) report stated
                                                           that the “most serious wave of commercial real
US OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE SAYS, “MOST                         estate difficulties is just now beginning”. The report
SERIOUS WAVE OF COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE                     is an interesting read but here are some excerpts
DIFFICULTIES IS JUST NOW BEGINNING”                        from the summary for those disinclined to read the
                                                           entire document:
Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITS”) values
increased steadily from 2000 to 2007 then fell sharply



                                                                                                                                     M6
Global Macro Update (continued)




“Over the next few years, a wave of commercial                                                space, have exerted a powerful downward pressure
real estate loan failures could threaten                                                      on the value of commercial properties.
America‘s already-weakened financial system.
The Congressional Oversight Panel is deeply                                                   A significant wave of commercial mortgage defaults
concerned that commercial loan losses could                                                   would trigger economic damage that
jeopardize the stability of many banks, particularly                                          could touch the lives of nearly every American.“
the nation‘s mid-size and smaller banks, and that as
the damage spreads beyond individual banks that                                               Is this prediction overly pessimistic? Japan’s
it will contribute to prolonged weakness throughout                                           experience with a commercial real estate collapse is
the economy.”                                                                                 informative. Chart 6 shows that that land prices fell
                                                                                              87% over the last 20 years from their peak in 1990.
Between 2010 and 2014, about $1.4 trillion in
commercial real estate loans will reach the                                                   WHO DO MAINSTREAM INVESTMENT FUNDS
end of their terms. Nearly half are at present                                                ACTUALLY BENEFIT?
―underwater! – that is, the borrower owes more
than the underlying property is currently worth.                                              Michael Lee Chin founder of mutual fund company
Commercial property values have fallen more than                                              AIC Limited recently stated, “Let’s look at the history.
40 percent since the beginning of 2007. Increased                                             If over the past 14 years you had invested $10,000
vacancy rates, which now range from eight percent                                             in the best CI mutual fund, that would have earned
for multifamily housing to 18 percent for office                                              you $41,000, had you owned CI stock that derives its
buildings, and falling rents, which have declined 40                                          money from revenue generated from that fund, that
percent for office space and 33 percent for retail                                            $10,000 [would be] worth $164,000.”

                                                                                              According to Lee-Chin, the best AGF fund over the
                                                                                              last 14 years was the AGF precious metals funds
              CHART 6: JAPANESE LAND PRICES                                                   - $10,000 invested in that would now be worth
                                                                                              $35,000. But owning AGF stock would have given
(Trillion yen, seasonally adjusted)                                   (Mar. 2000=100)
                                                                                        800
                                                                                              you $56,000. Investors Group’s best fund would be
                                                                                        700
                                                                                              worth $26,000, [while] shares in IG would be worth
                                                                                              $63,000.” Summary return data:
                                                                                        600

                                                                                        500
                                                                                              –   CI mutual fund - $41,000 - return 22%
                                                                                        400
                                                                              down
                                                                                              –   CI stock - $164,000 - annual return 22%
                                                          Last seen           87%
                                                                                        300
                                                                                              –   AGF mutual fund - $35,000 - annual return 9%
                                                           in 1973                      200
                                                                                              –   AGF stock - $56,000 - annual return 13%
                                                                                        100
                                                                                              –   Investors Group mutual fund - $26,000 - annual
80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
                                                                                          0       return 7%
                                                                                              –   Investors Group stock - $63,000 - annual return
Sources: Cabinet Office, Japan Real Estate Institute
                                                                                                  14%

                                                                                                                                                   M7
DISCLAIMER:

                                  The	information,	opinions,	estimates,	projections	and	other	materials	
                                  contained	herein	are	provided	as	of	the	date	hereof	and	are	subject	to	
                                  change	without	notice.	Some	of	the	information,	opinions,	estimates,	
                                  projections	and	other	materials	contained	herein	have	been	obtained	from	
                                  numerous	sources	and	Petrocapita	Income	Trust	(“PETROCAPITA”)	and	
                                  its	affiliates	make	every	effort	to	ensure	that	the	contents	hereof	have	been	
                                  compiled	or	derived	from	sources	believed	to	be	reliable	and	to	contain	
                                  information	and	opinions	which	are	accurate	and	complete.	However,	neither	
                                  PETROCAPITA	nor	its	affiliates	have	independently	verified	or	make	any	
                                  representation	or	warranty,	express	or	implied,	in	respect	thereof,	take	no	
                                  responsibility	for	any	errors	and	omissions	which	maybe	contained	herein	or	
                                  accept	any	liability	whatsoever	for	any	loss	arising	from	any	use	of	or	reliance	
                                  on	the	information,	opinions,	estimates,	projections	and	other	materials	
                                  contained	herein	whether	relied	upon	by	the	recipient	or	user	or	any	other	
                                  third	party	(including,	without	limitation,	any	customer	of	the	recipient	or	
                                  user).	Information	may	be	available	to	PETROCAPITA	and/or	its	affiliates	that	
                                  is	not	reflected	herein.	The	information,	opinions,	estimates,	projections	and	
                                  other	materials	contained	herein	are	not	to	be	construed	as	an	offer	to	sell,	a	
                                  solicitation	for	or	an	offer	to	buy,	any	products	or	services	referenced	herein	
                                  (including,	without	limitation,	any	commodities,	securities	or	other	financial	
                                  instruments),	nor	shall	such	information,	opinions,	estimates,	projections	and	
                                  other	materials	be	considered	as	investment	advice	or	as	a	recommendation	
                                  to	enter	into	any	transaction.	Additional	information	is	available	by	contacting	
                                  PETROCAPITA	or	its	relevant	affiliate	directly.




#400, 2424 4th Street SW   Tel: +1.403.218.6506            www.petrocapita.com
Calgary, Alberta T2S 2T4   Fax: +1.403.266.1541
Canada

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Petrocapita Feb 2010 Energy & Macro Briefing

  • 3. Energy Update INFLATION ADJUSTED OIL PRICES Chart 1 shows inflation adjusted oil prices and (South Korea level) in 30 years (significantly slower its clear that even though the global supply and than South Korea) global production will have to demand situation is very different from the 1980s oil increase 22% from 84 million BOPD to 102 million is currently trading significant discount to its 1979 BOPD the next 10 years. inflation adjusted high of around $105/bbl. Taking into account production decline rates we will CHINA’S OIL DEMAND have to replace 26 million BOPD to maintain supply - 30% of current production levels and almost 3 times China will be the key future driver of incremental Saudi Arabia’s output. energy demand. Petrocapita’s research indicates that if you assume China moves from 2.5 barrels per capita per year to 17 barrels per capita per year CHART 2: CHINA PER CAPITA OIL DEMAND CHART 1: INFLATION ADJUST MONTHLY CRUDE PRICE (JUNE 2009 DOLLARS) $140 Dec. 1979 Monthly Ave. Peak June 2008 Monthly Ave. Oil Price $120 $124.62 in June 2009 Dollars $106.86 in June 2009 Dollars $100 $80 Nominal Peak $38 (Mo. Ave. Price) $60 Intraday Prices peaked much higher $40 Inflation Adjusted Oil Price $20 Nominal Oil Price China: 2 bbls South Korea: 17 bbls US: 24 bbls $0 1946 1947 1949 1951 1953 1954 1956 1958 1960 1961 1963 1965 1987 1968 1970 1972 1974 1975 1977 1979 1981 1982 1984 1986 1988 1989 1991 1993 1995 1996 1998 2000 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2009 Source: IEA - annual consumption per capita Source: CPI-U inflation index, www.ioga.com 2
  • 4. Energy Update (continued) PEAK OIL The current oil markets, are dramatically different – Approximately 1 million BOPD must be added from their 1980s counterparts. China is now second each year to meet demand growth largest oil consumer in the world but still at the – More than 2/3 of existing capacity must be early stages of increasing its per capita energy replaced by 2030 to prevent production declines consumption and some experts believe that global – A peak in conventional oil production before 2030 peak oil is occurring or will occur within next 10 years. appears likely with a significant risk of a peak Third party research indicates that: before 2020 – Average decline rate of post-peak fields is at least 6.5% per year Petrocapita’s research indicates that if you assume a – Average decline rate of all currently producing 2020 peak oil production at approximately 100 million fields is at least 4%per year BOPD prices could increase by up to 250% in real – Approximately 3 million BOPD must be added terms in the next 10 years. each year to maintain production levels In 1981: In 2009: Global consumption - 69 million bopd - 84 million bopd OPEC spare capacity - 10 million bopd - 2-3 million bopd Decline rate - existing production rate - existing production rate increasing approximately 1% pa decreasing approximately 4% pa China consumption - 2 million bopd or approximately - 8 million bopd or approximately 1 bbl/person/year 2-3 bbls/person/year US consumption - 24 bbls/person/year - 24 bbls/person/year 3
  • 5. Energy Update (continued) COMMODITY BULL MARKET - CRB SP 500 CHART 3: CRB INDEX VS. S&P 500 RATIO 4 The ratio of the Commodity Research Bureau Total Return Index and the S&P 500 is basically the value of a standardized basket of commodities compared 3 to the value of a basket of stocks – in simple terms how much stock you can buy with a fixed amount of commodities. 2 It is noteworthy that: – The 50-year average for this ratio is around 1.1 1 times – During the commodity bull market in the 1970s, 0 the ratio peaked at over 3 times 1964 1970 1976 1982 1988 1994 2000 2006 2009 – The ratio is currently at a 50 year low of around 0.2 times. In other words, we are at a very low Source: Commodity Research Bureau Total Return Index, relative valuation between “hard assets” vs. Petrocapita Research “stocks.” 4
  • 7. Summary Complacent, comfortable and sitting on an economic fault line - that’s what I see when I visualize the West. Over the next 20 years as the baby boomers try to retire, the effects of the poor decisions our society has been making over the last 20 years will come back to damage the foundation of our affluent lifestyles. Why? – Low savings rates – Western economies are heavily skewed to consumption with commensurately low savings rates while the emerging economies are skewed towards capital accumulation and have extremely high savings rates. China saves 40% of household disposable income, the US saves 6%. Only savings can create capital and because of this our capital pool CONTENTS is shrinking while the emerging economies’ are growing. Capital, not consumption, drives growth M3 Subsidizing failure – is this really the so we should expect growth to continue to slow path to prosperity? in the west and continue to accelerate in the emerging world. M3 Debt to GDP – Inflation – The money supply in the west M3 Inflation the Insidious, Hidden Tax continues to grow more rapidly than any other time in history driven by fiscal deficits, currency M4 There’s no God-given gift of a ‘AAA’ interventions and bailouts. Financial assets tend sovereign debt rating to perform poorly in periods of high inflation and a large part of western wealth is tied up in these M6 Yuan is now the linchpin of the global types of investments. financial system – Debt – Debt to GDP levels are at all time highs M6 US current account deficit with $200 and growing. Unfortunately we have borrowed oil? to support consumption so we have not created assets that generate cash flow to service our M6 US Oversight Committee Says... debts. Our options are tax, repay, default or inflate. Which do you think is most likely? M7 Who Do Mainstream investment Funds – Demographics – Aging populations and large Actually Benefit? unfunded social programs with a diminishing number of workers to pay for them. On top of this M1
  • 8. Summary (continued) we are increasingly competing with younger, well- educated work forces in emerging economies. – Energy – Western lifestyles are dependent on low cost energy with the highest per capita usage on the planet (think – long commutes, large houses etc). How do you protect your retirement in this environment? – Protect and enhance your intellectual capital - continually strive to build unique, high value skills otherwise your only competitive advantage in the global market for services will be price. – Protect the purchasing power of your savings and assets - place a portion of assets away from effects of local currency devaluation and inflation – Energy price hedges – Under consume and over-save – Make demographics your ally and invest in countries that have young populations and high savings rates – Start now – don’t delay and don’t rely on the government or house price appreciation to pay for it M2
  • 9. Global Macro Update SUBSIDIZING FAILURE – IS THIS REALLY THE PATH TO PROSPERITY? Despite widespread belief to the contrary, The situation is not much better in most other government intervention into broad swathes of the western nations. Chart 2 shows the impact of economy to support “too big to fail” companies unfunded social obligations for ageing populations is not a positive for future growth. There is an across the developed world. economic truism that whatever you subsidize you get more of – hence by subsidizing failure we are INFLATION THE INSIDIOUS, HIDDEN TAX ensuring bigger failures in the future and worst of all penalizing well run businesses. The firms that were Just 3% annual inflation over the course of a 45- prudently managed leading up to the crisis should year working career can cause a 75% reduction in have benefited from the demise of their poorly run the purchasing power of your money. Of course, competitors – in a free economy capital would have inflation has been running much higher than a “mere” flowed to the profitable businesses rather than the 3%. The US government, like most others, regularly loss making ones. The fact that this didn’t happen recalibrates its inflation indicators to make the creates a perverse “if you can’t beat’em, join’em” numbers seem less alarming. Chart 3 highlights the mentality with respect to risky and imprudent disparity between the CPI-U produced by America’s business practices. Bureau of Labour Statistics and the SGS Alternate CPI produced by Shadow Government Statistics DEBT TO GDP using older, less massaged methodologies. Up and away into the wild blue yonder… CHART 2: IMPACT OF AGING CHART 1: TOTAL US DEBT TO GDP 300 380% 360% 2009 Q3=369.7 250 340% 320% 1933=299.8 300% 2003=301.1 200 280% 260% 150 240% 220% 100 200% 180% 1875=156.4 50 160% 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 140% 1916=170.4 Advanced G20 economies, government debt / GDP ratio 120% 100% projected as % GDP 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Source: BEA, Federal Reserve and Census Bureau Source: IMF M3
  • 10. Global Macro Update (continued) As you can see, over the past 20 years, prices have money and inflating asset classes versus the rest of been rising much faster than government numbers the participants in the economy. The net result is would have you believe. If you are searching for a that wealth is redistributed from the inflatees to the possible explanation for such a disparity Marc Faber inflators. summed it up succinctly when he said, “Never ask the barber if you need a haircut. Never ask the realtor THERE’S NO GOD-GIVEN GIFT OF A ‘AAA’ if the house you are considering buying is a bargain SOVEREIGN DEBT RATING at the price offered. And never ask the government to calculate the rate of inflation when it can save millions As has been predicted by the extensive financial crisis of dollars in cost-of-living adjustments.” research of Kenneth Rogoff, sovereign credit ratings are coming under pressure as fiscal deficits grow In addition to a general erosion of purchasing power, rapidly and tax bases shrink. The following is some inflation also has another more insidious effect. anecdotal evidence of this trend. Because inflation does not happen in the aggregate – does not increase the price of all goods and services – Portugal - “If Portugal wants to avoid a at the same rate at the same time - inflation benefits downgrade, it is going to have to take meaningful, the groups who have first access to newly created credible steps to get the deficit under control,” said Anthony Thomas of Moody’s credit rating agency. Financial Times - January 10, 2010 – Iceland - Standard & Poor’s put Icelandic debt CHART 3: CURRENT GOVERNMENTS under negative credit watch after Iceland’s CPI V. SGS ALTERNATE president blocked a bill of compensation for the failure of Icesave bank. The agency said “as a 15 CPI-U SGS Alternate CPI result, we could lower our ratings on Iceland by one to two notches within a month”. Fitch credit 10 rating agency downgraded Iceland’s long-term Year-to-Year Change (%) debt rating from BBB- to BB+ citing a “renewed wave of domestic political, economic and financial 5 uncertainty.” The Telegraph - January 6, 2010 – France and United Kingdom - Fitch Ratings 0 warned Britain and France that they risk losing their AAA status unless they map out a clear path to budget discipline over the next year. Telegraph -5 - December 22, 2009 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 – Mexico - Standard & Poor’s reduced Mexico’s Source: John Williams’ Shadow Government Statistics credit rating one notch to BBB from BBB-plus. M4
  • 11. Global Macro Update (continued) The cut came after Fitch cut the country’s credit – Ukraine - Standard & Poor’s cut Ukraine’s rating one notch to BBB. This was Mexico’s first credit rating two levels to the lowest in Europe. downgrade in over 10 years. Reuters - December Ukraine’s long-term foreign currency rating was 14, 2009 lowered to CCC+, seven levels below investment – Dubai - Moody’s said that its rating downgrades grade. S&P left the outlook negative, indicating reflect the weakening in Dubai’s economy and a possible further cut. Bloomberg - February 25, the repercussions on its banks’ asset quality and 2009 earning power. Reuters - December 10, 2009 – United States - John Chambers, the chairman – Spain - Standard & Poor’s cut Spain’s credit of Standard & Poor’s sovereign ratings committee outlook to negative from stable. “Reducing said pressure is building on the “AAA” rating of Spain’s sizable fiscal and economic imbalances the United States. Chambers said “There’s no requires strong policy actions, which have not yet God-given gift of a ‘AAA’ rating, and the U.S. materialized,” according to Standard & Poor’s. has to earn it like everyone else.” Reuters - BBC News - December 9, 2009 September 17, 2008 – Greece - Fitch cut Greece to BBB+, outlook negative. Fitch said its move was due to “concerns over the medium-term outlook for public finances given the weak credibility of fiscal institutions and the policy framework in Greece.” CHART 4: GLOBAL SOVEREIGN Wall Street Journal Online - December 8, 2009 DOWNGRADE WATCH – United Kingdom and United States - Moody’s said U.S. and U.K debt ratings may “test the Aaa boundaries” because public finances are worsening in the wake of the global financial crisis. “The deterioration has been pretty severe,” said Pierre Cailleteau, managing director of sovereign risk at Moody’s. Bloomberg - December 8, 2009 – Japan - Moody’s removed the Japanese government’s last triple-A foreign currency credit rating. The agency described the move as a largely technical one but also said Japan was in a worse position than many other governments in its top ratings bracket. Reuters - May 18, 2009 M5
  • 12. Global Macro Update (continued) YUAN IS NOW THE LINCHPIN OF THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM The US has been exporting inflation with China’s as underlying commercial real estate prices began cooperation for over a decade via China’s fixed to drop in late 2008. Once the bailout funds began exchange rate with the dollar – eventually all the to flow in 2009 REITs recovered rapidly and have dollars, Euros, loonies etc that China has been more than doubled from the stock market lows of last absorbing will come home to roost causing global March. inflation. Although, the Chinese government keeps the Yuan artificially depressed and appears set to do so for the immediate future, the Yuan ultimately will be CHART 5: REITS VERSUS S&P 500 INDEX revalued causing a severe downturn in the currencies of its trading partners. As part of the revaluation 300 Bloomberg Hotel REIT Index Bloomberg REIT Index process China will stop buying US treasuries causing 250 S&P 500 Index 200 interest rates to increase rapidly. Though US demand 150 for Chinese goods might rapidly decelerate this 100 could be offset by a large increase in the domestic 50 0 purchasing power of the Chinese economy and a -50 large reduction in input costs for Chinese companies 27 4/17 5/18 29 6/19 7/10 31 8/21 9/11 10/20 23 11/13 12/4 25 1/15/10 (commodity prices will fall in Yuan terms) – domestic Source: Agorafinancial.com growth could accelerate in China. US CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT WITH $200 This presents something of a paradox as the OIL? NCHREIF commercial real estate price index shows that underlying commercial property prices have Assuming 10 million bopd of imports, $200/bbl fallen almost 40% and do not appear to justify such a oil would add US$ 438 billion per year to the US recovery – in fact the evidence strongly supports the current account deficit. That would increase the conclusion that conditions are still deteriorating. deficit by approximately 4% of GDP on top of already historically high levels – how would the US fund such In the spirit of sublime understatement the latest a deficit and sustain its way of life? Congressional Oversight Panel (COP) report stated that the “most serious wave of commercial real US OVERSIGHT COMMITTEE SAYS, “MOST estate difficulties is just now beginning”. The report SERIOUS WAVE OF COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE is an interesting read but here are some excerpts DIFFICULTIES IS JUST NOW BEGINNING” from the summary for those disinclined to read the entire document: Real Estate Investment Trusts (“REITS”) values increased steadily from 2000 to 2007 then fell sharply M6
  • 13. Global Macro Update (continued) “Over the next few years, a wave of commercial space, have exerted a powerful downward pressure real estate loan failures could threaten on the value of commercial properties. America‘s already-weakened financial system. The Congressional Oversight Panel is deeply A significant wave of commercial mortgage defaults concerned that commercial loan losses could would trigger economic damage that jeopardize the stability of many banks, particularly could touch the lives of nearly every American.“ the nation‘s mid-size and smaller banks, and that as the damage spreads beyond individual banks that Is this prediction overly pessimistic? Japan’s it will contribute to prolonged weakness throughout experience with a commercial real estate collapse is the economy.” informative. Chart 6 shows that that land prices fell 87% over the last 20 years from their peak in 1990. Between 2010 and 2014, about $1.4 trillion in commercial real estate loans will reach the WHO DO MAINSTREAM INVESTMENT FUNDS end of their terms. Nearly half are at present ACTUALLY BENEFIT? ―underwater! – that is, the borrower owes more than the underlying property is currently worth. Michael Lee Chin founder of mutual fund company Commercial property values have fallen more than AIC Limited recently stated, “Let’s look at the history. 40 percent since the beginning of 2007. Increased If over the past 14 years you had invested $10,000 vacancy rates, which now range from eight percent in the best CI mutual fund, that would have earned for multifamily housing to 18 percent for office you $41,000, had you owned CI stock that derives its buildings, and falling rents, which have declined 40 money from revenue generated from that fund, that percent for office space and 33 percent for retail $10,000 [would be] worth $164,000.” According to Lee-Chin, the best AGF fund over the last 14 years was the AGF precious metals funds CHART 6: JAPANESE LAND PRICES - $10,000 invested in that would now be worth $35,000. But owning AGF stock would have given (Trillion yen, seasonally adjusted) (Mar. 2000=100) 800 you $56,000. Investors Group’s best fund would be 700 worth $26,000, [while] shares in IG would be worth $63,000.” Summary return data: 600 500 – CI mutual fund - $41,000 - return 22% 400 down – CI stock - $164,000 - annual return 22% Last seen 87% 300 – AGF mutual fund - $35,000 - annual return 9% in 1973 200 – AGF stock - $56,000 - annual return 13% 100 – Investors Group mutual fund - $26,000 - annual 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 0 return 7% – Investors Group stock - $63,000 - annual return Sources: Cabinet Office, Japan Real Estate Institute 14% M7
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