1. TECHNOLOGIES OF BIOMASS GASIFICATION Aleksander Sobolewski, Sławomir Stelmach, Tomasz Iluk Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal Zamkowa 1 St., 41-803 Zabrze, Poland

2. Scope of presentation 1. Information about IChPW. 2. What is gasification ? 3. Global situation with regard to solid fuel gasification. 4. Gasification of biomass - why? 5. Biomass gasification reactors. 6. Examples of small-scale biomass gasification technologies. 7. Example of large-scale biomass gasification technolog y . 8. Problems associated with biomass gasification. 9. Summary.

3. Information about IChPW … . to deliver the innovation knowledge to support improvement in competitiveness of the enterprises from the carbochemistry, energy, mining and processing of waste sectors, that makes it possible to use efficiently fossil, renewable and alternative fuels. R&D governmental organisation 224 employees 171 scientists & researchers Fuels Cokemaking Waste Processing Heat & Power Production

4. Slovakia Czech Republic Russia Warszawa Gdansk Wroclaw Poznan Kombinat Koksochemiczny „Zabrze” (Coke plant „Jadwiga”) Coke plant BO-CARBO Coke plant at Huta T. Sendzimira K rakow Coke plant „Walbrzych” Coke plant - „Czestochowa” Steel Works Coke plant „Zdzieszowice” B a l t i c S e a Kombinat Koksochemiczny „Zabrze” (Coke plant „Radlin”) Coke plant „Przyjazn” Bytom Dabrowa Gornicza Cokemaking industry (high temperature pyrolysis/slow heating rate) Zdzieszowice Walbrzych Czestochowa Nowa Huta Radlin Zabrze Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal Zabrze - Poland

5. Power industry Slovakia Russia Warszawa Gdańsk Wrocław Poznań B a l t i c S e a ZE Ostrołęka Elektrownia Opole Elektrownia Połaniec EC Żerań Elektrownia Konin Elektrownia Stalowa Wola K raków Elektrownia Skawina KOGENERACJA SA Elektrownia Dolna Odra Elektrownia Szczecin Elektrownia Rybnik EC Knurów EC Dębieńsko Elektrownia Siersza Elektrownia Jaworzno Elektrownia Łaziska Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal Zabrze - Poland

6. G asification : past, current and future research activity in the Institute 2011 2012 R&D Programme: Advanced Technologies for Energy Generation Workpackage: Development of integrated technologies for production of fuels and energy from biomass, agricultural waste and other materials CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY CENTER R&D Programme: Advanced Technologies for Energy Generation Workpackage: Development of coal gasification technology for high production of fuels and energy

7. Gasification The basic gasification process can be described in a simplified way by the following chemical equations: C(fuel) + O 2 = CO 2 + heat (exothermic reaction) C + H 2 O(steam) = CO + H 2 (endothermic reaction) C + CO 2 = 2CO (endothermic reaction) C + 2H 2 = CH 4 (endothermic reaction) CO + H 2 O = CO 2 + H 2 (exothermic reaction) CO + 3H 2 = CH 4 + H 2 O (exothermic reaction) T hermochemical process of oxidising transformation of solid fuels (less frequently liquid ones as well) into a gaseous energy carrier (combustible gas)

8. Gasification compared to other processes

9. World gasification capacity source: http://www.netl.doe.gov

11. Types of reactors Updraft gasifier Downdraft gasifier Fluidized-bed gasifier Circulating fluidized-bed gasifier

17. Biomass co-gasification with coal 1 – reactor, 2 – riser, 3 – expander, 4 – cyclone, 5 – recirculated char tank, 6 – heat carrier (char) dispenser, 7 – cyclones battery, 8 – fine char tank, 9 – gas combustion chamber, 10 – fuel tank, 11 – feeding screw dispenser, 12 – feeding screw, 13 – fuel gas cylinders, 14 – gas flare Gas composition

20. INSTYTUT CHEMICZNEJ PRZERÓBKI WĘGLA (Institute For Chemical Processing Of Coal) ul. Zamkowa 1; 41-803 Zabrze, Poland Phone: +48 32 271 00 41 Fax: +48 32 271 08 09 Tax ID No. (NIP): 648-000-87-65 Nat. Business Reg. No. (REGON): 000025945 E-mail: [email_address] Internet: www.ichpw.zabrze.pl