1. km]l/bfF zx/ clg cj;/ (Changing Cities, Building
Opportunities)
zx/;Fu dfgj ;dfhsf] ;DaGw cfh ljuteGbf klg w]/} ;'b[9 / dxTjk"0f{ xFb} uPsf] 5 . ljZj hg;+Vofsf] %!
k|ltzt dflg;sf] af;:yfg zx/ b|'t ultdf eO/x]sf] kl/jt{gsf ;+jfxs klg dflgG5g .
x'g t dflg;sf] ;d[4 / ;DkGg hLjgz}nLsf] /x/n] g} lgdf{0f ePsfn] zx/ cfkm}+df k|ult / gjLgtfsf k|tLs
x'g, t/ oL cfkm}+ klg ;d:ofaf6 d'Qm eg] 5}gg . k|ljlw, ;fdflhs / ;fF:s[lts cGt/3'ng / ljsf;sf
g]t[Tjstf{ x'bfFx'b}F klg sltko zx/ ljljw ;d:ofsf] rk]6fdf k/]sf 5g .
cJojl:yt ?kdf eO/x]sf] a;fFO–;/fOn] lgDTofPsf] hg;+Vof j[l4, of]hgfa4 ljsf;sf] cefj, hnjfo' kl/jt{gn]
kof{j/0fdf kf/]sf] c;/ cflb g]kfnh:tf ef}lts ljsf;tkm{ nlDsb} u/]sf d'n'ssf zx/x?n] ef]Ug' k/]sf s]xL
68sf/f ;d:ofx? x'g, h;sf] ;dfwfg xfdLn] clxn] ug{ ;s]gf} eg] tL slxNo} klg ;dfwfg x'g]5}gg .
xfdLn] xfd|f zx/x?df s]xL 7f]; kl/jt{gx? ug'{k/]sf] 5 . o;n] ;du| b]zdf g} gofF cj;/sf nflu 9f]sf
vf]Ng]5 . tL dWo] s]xL lgDg adf]lhd x'g;S5g M–
-s_ jftfj/0f d}qL zx/ M–
jftfj/0f-d}
jftfj/0f k|b'if0f cfh ljZjsf] ;j}eGbf HjnGt ;d:ofsf] ?kdf v8f ePsf] 5 . emg hnjfo'
kl/jt{g / o;n] kfg]{ b"/ufdL gsf/fTds k|efjx?sf] af/]df aflx/ cfO/x]sf gofF tYox?n] xfdLnfO{ jftfj/0fsf] ;+/If0f
ug'{ afx]s bf];|f] ljsNk xfdL;Fu g/x]sf] :ki6 kf5{ . xfdLn] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf sf/stTjx? h:t} sfa{g pT;h{g sd
ug]{, phf{sf] cgfjZos vkt / r'xfj6 x'g glbg] cflbsf ;fy} To;af6 k[YjLdf b]vfkl/;s]sf s'k|efjx?sf] s;/L ;fdgf
ug]{ eGg]jf/]df 7f]; /0fgLlt to u/]/ tTsfn sfo{ ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfPsf] 5 . s'n zx/L If]qsf] #* k|ltzt xl/t I{f]q
sfod /fVg] l5d]sL b]z rLgsf zx/af6 xfdLn] l;Sg'kg]{ s'/f w]/} 5g .

2. -v_+ u/Ljd'vL zx/L of]hgfM–
gfM–
em§ x]bf{ zx/sf jfl;Gbf eGg] ljlQs} xfdL ToxfFsf] rsdwds / ;d[l4sf] sNkgf ug{ k'U5f} . t/
jf:tljstf o;sf] w]/} k/ 5 . cfh xfd|} /fhwfgL sf7df08f}df ;d]t !# k|ltzt AolQm dfgj hLjgsf Go"gtd
cfjZostfsf] cefjdf si6s/ hLjg ljtfO/x]sf] tYon] xfdLnfO{ "zx/"sf] k'gM kl/efiff ug'{kg]{ l:ytL b]vfpF5 .
lrNnf ;8ssf] 5]pdf plePsf km';|f cg'xf/ / uugr'DaL 3/sf cl3lNt/ lgx'l/Psf lz/n] zx/L ljsf;sf If]qdf xfdLn]
cem} w]/} ug'{kg]{ af]w u/fpF5 .
zx/sf ljsf;sf of]hgf agfpFbf To:tf zx/L u/Lax? k|fyldstfdf gk/];Dd / pgLx?nfO{ cfjf; / /f]huf/Lsf]
sfo{of]hgfn] g5'Fbf;Dd xfd|f ljsf;] of]hgfx?n] d"t{?k kfPsf] dflgg]5}g .
-u_ zx/ / ufpFsf] cGt/;DjGwsf] ljsf;M–
ljsf;M–
ufFp ;|f]t-;fwgsf lx;fjn] ;Defjgfo'Qm x'G5g eg] zx/ pTkfbg / ahf/sf b[li6n] . oL
b'O{aLrsf] ;~hfnnfO{ hlt rnfodfg / ;'b[9 agfpg ;lsG5 , ljsf;sf] ult To;d} lge{/ /xG5 . t;y{ xfd|f zx/x?

3. oftfoftsf] kx'Fr, ;~rf/ ;'ljwf, ahf/ cflb b[li6sf]0fn] u|fdL0f If]q;Fu a9LeGbf a9L ;DjGw :yfkgf ug{tkm{ cu|;/ x'g'
kb{5 .
-3_ k|ljlwsf] pRrtd pkof]uMM–
–
jt{dfg ljZj k|ljlws} ;xf/fdf afFlr/x]sf] 5 eGbf cTo'lQm gxf]nf . cfh ljZjsf cltljsl;t
zx/x? ltg} jg]sf 5g h'g gjLgtd k|ljlwsf] pTkfbg / k|of]usf b[li6n] cu|k+lQmdf 5g . xfdLn] klg zx/sf] ljsf; /
lj:tf/ clg ;dfg ;Defjgf / r'gf}lt af]s]sf cGo b]zsf zx/x?;Fusf] ;xsfo{df k|ljlwsf] clwstd k|of]u
ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvG5 .
x/]s gofF r'gf}ltn] cj;/ klg lnP/ cfpg] ePsfn] zx/x? kl/jlt{t x'g] qmddf ltgn] y'k|} ;Defjgfx? klg
af]s]sf x'G5g M–
-!_ /f]huf/Lsf] >[hgf M–
hgf M–
zx/sf] jftfj/0f ;'wf/df xf]; jf ljkGg ju{ nlIft sfo{qmd jf u|fdL0f If]q;Fusf] ;DjGw ljsf;
jf k|ljlwsf] If]q ;a}df gofF hgzlQmsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . o;/L kl/jlt{t x'g] qmddf zx/n] /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ >[hgf
ug{ ;Sb5 .
-@_ ljsf;df g]t[Tj MM–
–
b]zsf] lbuf] ljsf;df zx/n] k'¥ofpg ;Sg] of]ubfg ct'ngLo x'G5 . bIf hgzlQm, ef}lts
k"jf{wf/ / k|ljlwdf kx'Frsf sf/0fn] ;du| /fi6«sf] ljsf;df zx/L If]qn] phf{ lbg] sfd ub{5 .
-#_ nlIft ju{sf] pTyfg MM–
–
zx/x?n] hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] l;h{gf u/]sf c;/x?;Fu h'Wg] qmddf ltgaf6 k|efljt
x'g ;Sg] ;Defljt cfly{s / ;fdflhs ?kn] lk5l8Psf ju{sf nflu ;d]t ljz]if sfo{of]hgf ;+rfng ug]{ x'gfn] To;af6
ljkGg ju{sf hgtfsf] l:ytLdf klg ;'wf/ x'g hfG5, h;n] b]zsf] u/LjL lgjf/0fdf klg 7f]; of]ubfg k'¥ofpFb5 .
;du|df zx/x? lg/Gt/ kl/jt{gsf] qmddf /x]sf 5g / ltgsf] ;sf/fTds kl/jt{gn] ;dfhdf ljsf;sf y'k|}
cj;/x? /rgf ug]{ x'gfn] ;/sf/, lghL If]q / zx/L jfl;Gbfsf] xft]dfnf] cj ckl/xfo{ eO;s]sf] 5 ...