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Brain computer interface
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By:Pranav Kulkarni
College: C.B.I.T (Hyd)
0209-5040
2. BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE
Brain computer interface sometimes called as Brain Neural interface is
a direct communication link between the functioning human brain
and the outside world
BCI uses brain activity to command,control,actuate and communicate
with the world directly through brain integration with peripheral
devices and systems
3. WHAT'S THE MAIN PRINCIPLE ??
Main principle behind this interface is the
bio-electrical activity of nerves and
muscles
Brain is composed of millions of
neurons .When the neuron fires, or
activates there is a voltage change across
the cell which generates signals on the
surface of the brain. By monitoring and
analysing these signals we can understand
the working of our brain
5. ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY(EEG)
EEG is a recording of the electrical activity of the brain directly from
the scalp produced by the firing of neurons within the brain
No EEG signal pattern is duplicated for any 2 distinct actions
Pain less test
Used to confirm brain death
6. HOW EEG WORKS ?
Recorded by placing small
metal discs called electrodes
on the scalp in certain
positions
Each electrode is labelled
with a letter and a number to
indicate its position
7. HOW IS THE SIGNAL PRODUCED?
EEG machines use differential amplifiers to produce each channel for
trace of activity
EEG signal itself is in the waveform so it is required that an adc be
employed to produce the signal as a series of numeric values each
representing voltage values of each channel at a certain time instance
8. STRUCTURE OF BRAIN-COMPUTER
INTERFACE
The common structure of a Brain-Computer Interface is the following:
Signal Acquisition: the EEG signals are obtained from the brain through
invasive or non-invasive methods (for example, electrodes).
Signal Pre-Processing: once the signals are acquired, it is necessary to
clean them.
Signal Classification: once the signals are cleaned, they will be processed
and classified to find out which kind of mental task the subject is
performing.
Computer Interaction: once the signals are classified, they will be used by
an appropriate algorithm for the development of a certain application.
9. COMPONENTS OF A BCI
IMPLANT DEVICE
SIGNAL PROCESSING DEVICE
Spike Detection
Signal analysis
Multi-channel Acquisition Systems
EXTERNAL DEVICE
FEEDBACK SECTION
11. INVASIVE BCIs
Electrodes are implanted directly into the grey matter of the brain
Produces High quality of signals
Prone to scar tissue build up
Causes the signal to become weaker or even lost
12. PARTIALLY INVASIVE BCIS
BCIs are implanted inside the skull
Electrodes are placed on the surface of cortex
The electrode picks up neural firing from the surface of the brain
13. NON-INVASIVE BCIS
BCIs have electrodes carefully placed on a cap that the patient wears
Has no complications of brain surgery
Signals are very noisy and are often misunderstood by the computer
14. EXISTING BCI SYSTEMS
The Brain Response Interface
P3 Character Recognition
ERS/ERD Cursor Control
A steady state visual evoked potential BCI
Mu rhythm Cursor control
Thought Translation Device
An Implanted BCI
15. PROS CONS
Can help people with The brain is incredibly
inabilities to control wheel complex
chairs or other devices with The signals are weak and
brain activity are prone to interference
To develop better sensing Surgery to brain might be
system risky and cause brain death
BCIs are linguistic There are chemical
independent and can be used reactions involved in brain
any where across the world which BCIdevices cannot pick
This has provided new area up
of work for scientists and The equipment is less than
researchers around the world portable
16. THE BIG CHALLENGES
Getting the right codes for the desired action
Avoiding brain damage
Virus attacks
Animal rights
Extensive training required
17. APPLICATIONS
Patients with conditions causing severe communication disorders
Military uses
Bioengineering applications
Control of Brain-operated wheel-chair
Multimedia and Virtual Reality applications
Artificial vision
18. FUTURE SCOPE
Wireless implants in brain
Injectable implants
Better interpretation of waves
Decode non-motor brain signals
Brain-to-Brain communication
19. CONCLUSION
Since the BCI enables people to communicate and control appliances with
just the use of brain signals it opens many gates for disabled people. The
possible future applications are numerous. Even though this field of
science has grown vastly in last few years we are still a few steps away
from the scene where people drive brain-operated wheelchairs on the
streets. New technologies need to be developed and people in the
neuroscience field need also to take into account other brain imaging
techniques, such as MEG and fMRI, to develop the future BCI. As time
passes BCI might be a part of our every day lives.