This project seeks to promote edge species which will be used to assess impact on species succession and eventually serve as a means of evaluating and monitoring the success of reclamation. The focus of this project is on the boundary that lies between the quarry site and the nearby vegetation. Such boundaries are mostly very contrasting in terms of vegetation and the distribution of biodiversity. There is an immediate move from a vegetation zone to a totally degraded area, whereas in nature, mostly there is a gradual change form one habitat to the other. The sudden change in environment limits the movement of organisms as well as discourages species adaptation to degradation hence the drastic effect on species compositions. Our aim is to reduce the contrast between these two environments by looking at the biodiversity in flora and fauna at the quarry site and devising strategies to vegetate the edge and increase biodiversity at the edge. This project will create a more stable environment for movement of organisms between the two distinct habitats, such as insects which are essential in the process of ecological succession. The vegetated edge will provide bases for the start of ecological succession at the point of reclamation. Selected bio-indicators in various taxanomic groups such as birds, insect and mammals with specialized niches will serve as a tool for measuring the success of reclamation in the future. The project won the 1st Prize in National Quarry Life Award in 2014 in Indonesia. Read more: http://www.quarrylifeaward.com/project/discovering-biodiversity-loen-quarry

1. FINAL PROJECT REPORT
Mining and Biodiversity Comics Publishing
to the Elementary School Students around Mine Areas
(Yudi L.A Salampessy, Novi Endi, Alvigho Chandra, Tatang Sutisna)
ABSTRACT
Incorrect perceptions about mining exploration process of the natural resources can reduce a harmony relationship between factory and communities around quarry. This project purpose was to improve knowledge and shaping positive attitudes and behavior of the community members towards the importance of natural conservation and mining business in an early age. The project was based on a survey method to collect and analyze data and a quasi experimental to evaluate the comic effectiveness to improve the understanding and positive attitudes and behaviors of the students. The comic effectiveness was analyzed using paired t-test. The result indicated that the comic about mining and biodiversity publishing was effective to enhance knowledge and positive attitude of elementary students around quarry towards mining factory and natural preservation.
INTRODUCTION
The mining activities and the corresponding preservation of the nature information to the community surrounding the mine until recently are available to the adult category, so that this information is likely to be understood partially and pragmatically. However, a lack of information often creates incorrect perception from the community members around the mines about mining enterprises, especially, the perceptions about the exploration process of the natural resources which directly relates to their social life and living environment. These conditions can reduce their harmony relationships among them and in the end it disrupts all parties.
This project designs a comic as a medium of communication that is not only effective to inform but to disseminate knowledge and to create positive attitudes and behavior of the community members of surrounding the mine towards the mining business and biodiversity in an early age. A comic as a communication medium was selected because children like it so that our objectives can be achieved easily. This project created some characters in the comic that corresponded to the children characteristics in the surrounding mine area representing mining and biodiversity. Then it was drawn a series story about the importance of natural conservation and mining business as well as their relation to improve the quality of life and human civilization.

2. Objectives
This project purpose was to improve the knowledge and shaping the positive attitudes and behavior of the community members towards the importance of natural conservation and mining business in an early age.
Background Information
Research conducted in three elementary schools out of 16 schools around PT. Indocement Cirebon Quarry, Indonesia. The research activity was in four steps, namely sampling, survey and pre-test, comic composition, comic test and post-test (effectiveness comic test). Students who became respondent were elementary students in the third, fourth, and fifth year. For each step in this research, teachers, head schools and CSR employees of PT Indocement were involved.
METHODS
The project was based on a survey method and a quasi experimental. The survey method was used to collect and analyze data of geographical conditions of the environment around the mine, demographics and psychographic characteristics of the elementary students. Based on the survey results, mining and biodiversity comics were designed. Then the experimental method was used to evaluate the comic effectiveness to improve the understanding and positive attitudes and behaviors of the students towards mining business and preservation of the nature.
Elementary students were sampled purposively in which the class chosen was given a certain comic version. Within a class, 18 students were purposively chosen through control procedure using level of class, reading ability, parents‟ occupation, and gender proportion. They consisted of 6 students from each level of class 3, 4, and 5. They were 9 female and male students.
The data were analyzed descriptively for the students‟ characteristics and pair comparison test for evaluating the comic effectiveness. The pair comparison test was applying t-test that is defined as:
푡=푑 푠 푛 ,
where d is the mean score difference („before‟ - „after‟), s is the standard deviation of the score difference and n is the number of students. There were 12 pair comparison hypotheses test in this study that were:

3. H0
:
훿푖=0
H1
:
훿푖≠0,푖=1,..,12
where 훿푖 was the score difference between before and after reading comic, and i were
1. Overall students‟ knowledge
2. Students‟ knowledge of the third year
3. Students‟ knowledge of the fourth year
4. Students‟ knowledge of the fifth year
5. Male students‟ knowledge
6. Female students‟ knowledge
7. Overall students‟ attitude
8. Students‟ attitude of the third year
9. Students‟ attitude of the fourth year
10. Students‟ attitude of the fifth year
11. Male students‟ attitude
12. Female students‟ attitude.
If the hypothesis was rejected, it means there is an effect in the respective i after reading comic.
RESULTS
Geographical Survey
We observed cement processing and tools, and nature conservation in the quarry. This survey was intended to obtain environment data supporting comic‟s background. The result was that hard land with flat surface composed by rocks, soils, and limestone dominate PT. Indocement quarry environment. Some main buildings that we found were offices, warehouses, factory, and social facilities. A conservation area, moreover, existed within quarry. In the outside quarry, there were settlements, government offices, and social facilities (schools, prayer house, and sport field).
The aforementioned activities had goals to get plots describing the relation between mining activities and nature conservation, and comic‟s figures who have characters, status, and roles that was relevant to the elementary students‟ cognitive and characteristics. We found that cement processing was started by mining the limestone

4. that has been separated its soil. The limestone was then smoothened by grinder machine, heated, and mixed with silica, iron sand, and gypsum. The tools used were truck to transport soil and stone, truck to scrape soil, conveyor, dynamite, and drilled, grinder, heater machine. The conservation area, on the other hand, was a flat land with a human made lake. It was used for planting mangoes, and Ricinus communis, domesticating goat, duck, chicken, and fish, and birds, butterflies, and dragonfly shelter.
Demography and Psychograph Survey
The achievement of publishing comic depended on the pictures composition, plots, and figures that was suitable for the students‟ cognitive and characteristics. It was the main reason for the demography and psychograph survey. It had goals to obtain the number of elementary schools, female and male students of 3, 4, and 5 grade, the most favorable figures in a story, and the social values that students got from their reading stories. We also interviewed (pretest) the students to explore their knowledge about mining activities and nature conservations.
The survey results showed that parents occupation were very diverse and the most favorable figures were animals, robots, and humans, with the social values of following the rules, being honest and smart, and becoming a hero. The students understood how to conserve their nature and the benefit of the cement making. They, however, were not known the main material for cement, the resource of it, and how to obtain it.
Comic Design
The discussion of survey results done previously became the fundamental idea in composing story, figures, and also comic‟s background. Based on the purpose of publishing the comic, the team came to an agreement that the figures that came into view were not only based on the results of the survey only, but also represented the mining and natural diversity. The plots, on the other hand, were composed to illustrate the figures‟ interaction within themselves and between the figures and natural resources that pointed to the exploration and conservation of natural resources for human life preservation.
Trough discussion and creative process, the research team had created some important characters for the first volume of this comic (the next volume will be published continually). Based on the result of the survey and the purpose of comic

5. publishing, the characters that appear in the comic were not only those who became the favorite of elementary students, but also represented the mining factory and biodiversity:
1. A Dump Truck character represents mining factory. He is tough and kindhearted. This character‟s name is Tiro. It comes from the abbreviation of “Tiga Roda”, the brand of cement produced by PT. Indocement.
2. There are two Excavators characters in this comic and they represent the mining factory. These characters are Heldy and Bhoa. The name Heldy is taken from HeidelbergCement as the main company of PT. Indocement. He is diligent, wise and humanist (labeled by 8). While Bhoa, is taken from the name of a gigantic snake “Boa”. Bhoa is a strong, full of pride character and does not understand yet about the importance of natural conservation (labeled by 49).
3. The worms, the tree and the bird are the characters which are represented a part of biodiversity in the ecosystem around PT. Indocement.
Story-Board
In order to reach the objective of publishing the comic, the research team considered the ecology as the main message in the comic. By this, the story plot shown was the visualization of interaction between the living creatures and their environment in a process of mining the natural resource. This interaction then ended with the arises of consciousness about the importance of taking benefits from natural resources and conserves them all at once for the quality and the continuity of humans‟ life as well as other living creatures.
Briefly, the first volume of the comic visualized (Appendix 1) the environment around the mining of PT. Indocement; the needs of limestone as the main material to make cement and also the process of limestone mining and heavy tools used in mining activity. In this mining process, there was biotic and abiotic interaction. Then interaction between characters (biotics) happened because the soil and limestone digging injured worms‟ body and destructed living environment accidentally. This accident provoked a quarrel among characters related to the importance of limestone excavating to make cement needed by human live and the biodiversity preservation that was important to the quality and sustainability all creatures improvement. The quarrel was ended with knowledge enhancement and positive attitude of some characters

6. towards mining process and natural preservation. Meanwhile, one of the characters did not accept it. It was because knowledge, attitude, and behavior changing process of certain characters required persuasive communication using higher frequency and intensity than other characters.
Treatment
Printed comic distributed to chosen three schools elementary students who formerly involved in the pretest. We gave a comic to them to be read in their home for two days.
Each student was interviewed and measured their knowledge and positive attitude towards limestone mining to make cement and natural conservation after reading the comic. Like pretest, the questions in post test were measured students knowledge about mining factory, namely the main material to make cement, the resource of the cement main material, and the way to obtain the cement main material; and natural preservation including natural disaster and the way to environment preservation. On the other hand, students attitude measurement were dealt with students response either pros or cons to the limestone exploration to make cement, natural preservation obligation, and mining activities considering the natural preservation.
After post test, the research team along with students and teachers evaluated the comic. It focused on comic and letter form, picture and dialogue clearness, and color composition. It resulted that the most students and teachers wanted more colorful picture because it would be more interesting, while other components were met with their wants.
Data Analysis
Comic about mining and biodiversity publishing was intended to enhance knowledge, create positive attitude and behavior towards the importance of mining factory and natural preservation since early age. It means that comic would be published when there was a strong evident that it became an effective medium to reach those goals. To obtain the evident, we analyzed data collected from pre and post test.
The comic effectiveness was analyzed using paired t-test to the response difference of elementary students based on the questions asked before and after reading the comic. The result of paired t-test was summarized in table.

7. Table Mean score difference based on level of class and gender
No.
Paired t-test
Mean
T val
Sig.
(2-tailed)
1.
Students‟ knowledge before and after reading comic
-10.28
-7.51
.000
2.
Students‟ knowledge of level 3 before and after reading comic
-11.67
-3.61
.015
3.
Students‟ knowledge of level 4 before and after reading comic
-8.50
-3.18
.024
4.
Students‟ knowledge of level 5 before and after reading comic
-10.67
-6.82
.001
5.
Male students‟ knowledge before and after reading comic
-10.33
-5.11
.001
6.
Female students‟ knowledge before and after reading comic
-10.22
-4.72
.002
7.
Students‟ attitude before and after reading comic
-4.11
-6.68
.000
8.
Students‟ attitude of level 3 before and after reading comic
-3.83
-3.06
.028
9.
Students‟ attitude of level 4 before and after reading comic
-3.83
-3.20
.024
10.
Students‟ attitude of level 5 before and after reading comic
-4.67
-5.29
.003
11.
Male students‟ attitude before and after reading comic
-4.33
-4.82
.001
12.
Female students‟ attitude before and after reading comic
-3.89
-4.37
.002
Significant value that is less than 0.05 on all paired t-test on students‟ knowledge and attitude based on specific categories toward mining factory and natural preservation leads to the rejection of null hypothesis. It means that there was a significant effect before and after reading the comic for all 12 tests. Because the mean score difference („before‟ was subtracted „after‟) is negative, students‟ knowledge and positive attitude increase after reading the comic.
DISCUSSION
Tatalovic (2009) explained that a comic consisted of a clear cartoon frame series that could compose a story. Meanwhile, Sudjana and Rivai (2011) defined a comic was a cartoon in which it revealed characters and its figures played roles in a picture closely related story. It was intended to entertain the readers. Based on aforementioned a comic definition, it was concluded that a comic was one of media that can support and increase

8. elementary school students‟ study process considering that it offered more interesting information and its information can be easily followed. As a printed form, it was more flexible to be used and without any special tools.
This research created a comic as a scientific information medium delivery about mining and biodiversity to elementary students. It means that the comic position was not only a reading material for children, but also a study messages package (Waluyanto, 2005). As Afrilyasanti and Basthomi (2011) mentioned that a comic could connect the study materials and the environment phenomena, so that it gave meaningful communication.
The research result showed that mining and biodiversity comic was effective to enhance knowledge and positive attitude of elementary students towards mining industry and biodiversity conservation. It supported Arroio (2011) who said that a comic could play role as a medium to deliver scientific information that is visually entertaining, and Afrilyasanti dan Basthomi (2011) who argued that a comic was a visual medium completed by interesting pictures, so that it triggered students to study and it became an alternative medium in a study material variation.
Some similar result was obtained in Novianti R.D dan Syaichudin M (2010) in which an improved comic could enhance the fifth year students‟ understanding of SDN Ngembung, Gresik, towards math story questions in the fraction chapter. Meanwhile, Hamida, Zulaekah, and Mutalazimah (2012) research about comic effectiveness to enhance students‟ understanding towards food safety around school in SD Muhammadiyah 2 Kauman showed that there was a different effect in the understanding enhancement between treatment groups. It illustrated that a group with a comic as a medium had a better understanding enhancement compared to a group without a comic.
Added Value
This project is a basic step to enhance knowledge and to form positive attitude of community members regarding the importance of mining industry and environment conservation because it is done in an early age via interesting, informative, scientific, and entertaining medium. The children will carry the knowledge and positive attitude until their adolescence, so that they will always support on mining industry and do environment conservation.

9. Therefore, mining and biodiversity comic publishing for elementary students around quarry has a main added value as a cheap long term infestation for PT. Indocement. It is, however, believed that it can increase the harmony relationship among mining industry, community members, and sustainable environment around quarry that is needed by PT. Indocement to achieve its success. Some experiences show that other ways to create a harmony relationship often need a high cost.
The other added value from this comic publishing is the presence of an effective medium for PT. Indocement to:
1. Communicate its organized mining activities
2. Educate community members about environment
3. Fulfill elementary students around quarry need of reading material as an alternative CSR activity
CONCLUSIONS
Comic about mining and biodiversity publishing was effective to enhance knowledge and positive attitude of elementary students around quarry towards mining factory and natural preservation. For the future, knowledge and positive attitude were believed shaping positive behavior towards mining factory and natural preservation.
This comic will be published by PT Indocement as CSR activity because it provides directly to the elementary students need in reading material. It has also positive social relation between parties, communities and factory. And as a research and creative work, comic publishing will be developed to:
a. Multi location test around mining areas (cities and villages) and non mining areas via student research project
b. Tiro figures will be try to used for business mascot in environmental friendly mining industry
c. Three dimension film making to popularize and support nation creative industry.

10. REFERENCES
Afrilyasanti, R., dan Basthomi, Y. 2011. Adapting Comics and Cartoons to Develop 21st Century Learners. Language in India; Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Vol. 11.
Arroio, Agnaldo. 2011. Comics as a Narrative In Natural Science Education. Western Anatolia Journal of Educational Science; Special Issue. University of Sao Paulo. Sao Paulo - Brazil
Hamida K., Zulaekah S., dan Mutalazima. 2012. Penyuluhan gizi dengan media komik untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang keamanan makanan jajanan di sekolah. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol. 8 No. 1. Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan Universitas Negeri Semarang. Semarang - Indonesia
Novianti R.D dan Syaichudin M. 2010. Pengembangan media komik pembelajaran matematika untuk meningkatkan pemahaman bentuk soal cerita bab pecahan pada siswa kelas V SDN Ngembung. Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan Vol. 10 No. 1. Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Surabaya - Indonesia
Sudjana N. dan Rivai A. 2011. Media Pengajaran. Sinar Baru Algensindo. Bandung
Tatalovic, M. 2009. Science Comics as Tools for Science Education and Comunication: a Brief, Exploratory Study. Jurnal of Science Comunication 8 (4). SISSA – International Scholl for Advanced Studies. Italy
Waluyanto D.H. 2005. Komik Sebagai Media Komunikasi Visual Pembelajaran. Jurnal Nirmana. Universitas Kristen Petra, Surabaya - Indonesia

11. ANNEXES
1. Story Board

12. 2. Questionnaire
QLA Questionnaire
(Pre Test)
Name
:
Class
:
School
:
(1) Palimanan Barat, (2) Kedung Bunder 1, (3) Kedung Bunder 3
1.
Comics that have been read
1. ….………………………………………………
2. .…………………………………………………
3. …….……………………………………………
2.
Frequency of reading comic
………. times
The most favor figure:
………………..
…………………
……………
Reasons:
………………..
…………………
……………
No.
Knowledge
Respond Categories
1
2
3
4
5
1.
The material to make cement
2.
The source of material to make cement
3.
The ways to obtain the material to make cement
4.
Cement functions
5.
The effects of environment disaster
6.
The ways to conserve environment
Attitude Object
VO
O
N
P
VP
1.
Limestone exploration to make cement
2.
Obligation to conserve environment
3.
Mining activities that consider environment
VO: Very Offence, O: Offence, N: Neutral, P: Pro, VP: Very Pro

13. QLA Questionnaire
(Post Test)
Name
:
Class
:
School
:
(2) Palimanan Barat, (2) Kedung Bunder 1, (3) Kedung Bunder 3
1.
Frequency of reading Tiro comic
……… times
2.
Tiro comic attractiveness
1. Attractive, 2. Not attractive
3.
The interesting part of Tiro comic
1. Picture, 2. Figure, 3. Story
Story plot to be understood
1. Easy
2. Difficult
Picture to be understood
1. Easy
2. Difficult
4.
Format evaluation of Tiro comic
Size
1. Too big, 2. Too small, 3. Quite enough
Color
1. Black and white
2. Full color
Knowledge and Stance of elementary students around quarry
No.
Knowledge
Respond Categories
1
2
3
4
5
1.
The material to make cement
2.
The source of material to make cement
3.
The ways to obtain the material to make cement
4.
Cement functions
5.
The effects of environment disaster
6.
The ways to conserve environment
Attitude Object
VO
O
N
P
VP
1.
Limestone exploration to make cement
2.
Obligation to conserve environment
3.
Mining activities that consider environment
VO: Very Offence, O: Offence, N: Neutral, P: Pro, VP: Very Pro

14. 3. Coding Sheet
Pre Test
No.
Name
Class
School
Frequency
of Reading Comic
Comics That Have Been Read
The Most Favor Figure
Knowledge
Attitude
1
2
Name
Reason
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
1
M. Kurnia
3
2
3
Dragon Ball
Spongebob
Srigala
Smart
1
1
1
1
1
5
3
3
3
2
Novian A.P
3
3
2
Naruto
Superman
Sasuke
Blade
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
3
Nariatul M. H
3
1
Often
Malin Kundang
Ayam & Kera
1
1
1
5
5
5
3
5
5
4
Pipit F
3
1
Ever
Dora Emon
Upin Ipin
Funny
3
3
1
3
3
2
2
3
3
5
Rachmawati
3
3
Seldom
Dora Emon
Spongebob
Funny
1
1
2
5
1
4
4
1
3
6
Siti Alysah
3
3
3
Srigala & Gagak
Barbie
Beautiful
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3
3
7
Ajrul Fajar
4
1
Not Ever
Shisuka
Gentle
1
1
1
3
4
3
3
3
3
8
Rahel
4
3
Ever
Upin Ipin
Barbie
Nabi
Holy
1
2
2
4
3
1
3
3
4
9
Dini R.P
4
2
1
Kisah Nabi
Nobita
Menolong
3
3
1
5
5
5
3
3
3
10
Nurelisah
4
2
2
Belle
Tuan Putri
Baik Hati
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
11
M. Ifad A
4
2
Ever
Batman
Si Kancil
Clever
2
2
2
4
3
3
2
3
3
12
Maura A.E
4
1
Seldom
Micky Mouse
Nabi
Holy
2
1
1
5
5
5
3
5
5
13
Aria Agung
5
1
Ever
Si Kancil
Pahlawan
Robin
Strong
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
3
3
14
M. Ubaidillah
5
3
3
Dora Emon
Dragon Ball
Kancil
Clever
3
1
1
5
5
5
3
3
3
15
M. Zidni A
5
3
2
Malin kundang
Kisah Nabi
Tn. Krep
Funny
3
3
1
5
1
5
3
5
3
16
M. Alansyah
5
2
Seldom
Spongebob
Binatang
Funny
3
4
1
5
5
1
3
3
3
17
Priti
5
2
Ever
Barbie
Tikus
Funny
5
3
1
5
5
2
5
3
3
18
Eva Anisa
5
1
3
Si Kancil
Dora Emon
Smart
2
1
2
4
3
2
3
3
3

15. Post Test
No.
Name
Class
School
Frequency of Reading Tiro
Tiro Attractiveness
The Interesting
Part of Tiro
Plot to be Understood
Format Evaluation
of Tiro
Knowledge
Attitude
Story
Picture
Size
Collor
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
1
M. Kurnia
3
2
5
1
1,2,3
1
1
3
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
5
5
2
Novian A.P
3
3
3
1
2,3
1
1
3
2
5
5
5
5
3
5
5
5
5
3
Nariatul M. H
3
1
3
1
3
1
1
2
2
4
5
1
5
5
5
5
5
3
4
Pipit F
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
3
1
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
Rachmawati
3
3
6
1
3
1
1
2
2
5
5
5
5
3
5
5
3
5
6
Siti Alysah
3
3
3
1
1,2,3
1
1
3
2
5
5
5
5
3
5
5
5
5
7
Ajrul Fajar
4
1
3
1
1,3
1
1
3
2
5
3
4
5
3
3
4
5
4
8
Rahel
4
3
3
1
1,2,3
1
1
3
2
5
5
5
5
3
5
5
5
5
9
Dini R.P
4
1
5
1
2
1
1
1
2
5
5
5
5
4
4
5
5
5
10
Nurelisa
4
2
5
1
2,3
1
1
3
1
5
4
5
5
4
4
4
5
5
11
M. Ifad A
4
2
6
1
1,2
1
1
2
2
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
12
Maura A
4
2
3
1
1,2,3
1
1
3
2
5
5
5
5
3
5
5
5
5
13
Aria Agung
5
1
10
1
1,3
1
1
2
2
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
14
M. Ubaidillah J.A
5
3
5
1
2,3
1
1
3
2
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
15
M. Zidni Atoila
5
3
3
1
1,2,3
1
1
3
2
5
5
5
5
3
5
5
5
5
16
M. Alansyah
5
2
3
1
1,2,3
1
1
3
2
5
5
5
5
3
5
5
5
5
17
Priti
5
2
3
1
2,3
2
1
3
2
5
5
4
5
3
4
4
5
3
18
EvaAnnisa
5
1
4
1
1,2,3
1
1
2
2
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
5
4

16. 4. Tiro Comic