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6. progressive era and populism
- 1. What are Labor Unions and why did they develop?
- 2. Pullman Strike ◦ Strike by railway workers ◦ President Grover Cleveland sends in troops to break strike ◦ Proved that government favored business over labor Haymarket Square Riot ◦ Labor rally in Chicago ◦ Ended with a bomb blast and riot leaving many dead (7 police officers) ◦ Knights of Labor were blamed for casualties
- 3. Monopolies restricted competition Abuse of natural resources Corporate wealth & power increased Social Darwinism 60 hour week Unsafe, unhealthy conditions No guarantees – little job security Low wages Women & children made even less
- 4. Industries unrestrained Courts failed to support fair standards Laissez-faire
- 5. FARMERS PROTESTS THE IMPORTANCE OF A THIRD POLITICAL PARTY Increased circulation of money unlimited minting of silver progressive income tax government ownership of national communication and transportation
- 6. Tax on imported goods- ◦ discourages buying foreign goods and promotes domestic industry farmers hurt ◦ raised prices of manufactured goods ◦ reduced international market for American farm products
- 7. The Grange ◦ farmers formed cooperatives ◦ common political causes ◦ social outlet Farmers Alliance ◦ Federal regulation of railroads ◦ more money in circulation ◦ women played a major role
- 8. Protect Social Welfare Promote Moral Improvement Reform corruption in government Create economic reform
- 9. Journalists & writers Artist & photographers Investigated & exposed corruption & injustices
- 11. Pure Food & Drug Act Meat Inspection Act Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
- 12. Jacob Riis Social Gospel Building codes ◦ Better lighting ◦ Better ventilated ◦ More sanitary
- 14. Settlement houses Education, child care, social activities, Help finding jobs Hull House – Chicago – Jane Addams
- 15. Political machines and bosses controlled local governments These bosses earned votes by doing favors for people Often these bosses accepted bribes and kickbacks
- 17. William M. Tweed controlled the New York City police, courts and newspapers Accepted millions of dollars in bribes and kickbacks Went to jail in 1872
- 18. The practice of appointing people to public office on the basis of a personal relationship, rather than merits. Pendleton Act - created the Civil Service Commission ◦ Created an exam for Federal jobs
- 19. Wisconsin Idea- direct primary elections Seventeenth Amendment- direct election of Senators Oregon System ◦ initiative- voters could place issue on ballot ◦ referendum- voters could accept or reject laws ◦ recall- chance to remove unsatisfactory elected officials
- 20. 1902 United Mine Workers Strike ◦ Teddy Roosevelt insisted that mine owners negotiate with union 1906 Hepburn Act- ◦ government regulates railroad rates 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act - ◦ regulates food industry
- 21. 1890 SHERMAN ANTITRUST ACT By 1909 the government had filed 42 antitrust actions Beef trust, Standard Oil and American Tobacco Industry broken up or reorganized
- 22. “SQUARE DEAL”- helps Unions TRUSTBUSTER- attempted to break up 42 different trusts CONSERVATIONIST- set aside 200 million acres for conservation
- 23. Teddy Roosevelt returns ◦tariff reduction ◦women’s suffrage ◦regulation of business ◦end child labor ◦eight hour work day ◦workers compensation ◦direct election of Senators – 17th Amendment