3. BUT ITS NOT THAT SIMPLE – all things can change
but if they do not involve descent through
genetic inheritance, it cannot be described as an
example of biological evolution
14. • Structures may look similar, BUT HAVE A
DIFFERENT FUNCTION
• Altered version of ancestors
15. • Ex: All MAMMALS have same number of
bones in forelimb, but the
position, shape, and function are different
What are the
functions of each of
these limbs?
We call these
homologous
structures…similar
structure, different
function
16. c. Analogy: different organisms share similar
characteristics despite DIFFERENT ANCESTORS
17. • Structures look similar, AND HAVE THE SAME
FUNCTION
• Changes due to response to
ENVIRONMENT, nature shaped ADAPTATIONS
19. d. Embryonic Development:
• Adult homology MAY NOT be apparent
• During mitotic divisions, stages of offspring
DEVELOPMENT of different species may have
similar appearances (morphologies)
• Similar structures may develop different functions
20.
21. Ex. All vertebrates have PHARYNGEAL POUCHES
– which develop into gills in fish, or tubes in ears
that connect to throat in humans
22. e. Biochemistry:
similar species share
nearly the same
genetic machinery
• Similar DNA and
RNA sequences
• Similar AMINO
ACID sequencing
• Ex. Hemoglobin
and digestive
enzymes
23. Learning Check
Answer the following questions based on the
information covered in your notes.
Example:
1. Humans, chimpanzees, whales, and bats all have the same bones
in their arms, fins, or wings.
a. What type of evidence is this? homologous structures
b. Why is this evidence of evolution?
This is evidence of evolution because if all these animals have
the same bones, they probably all evolved from one creature
that had those bones a very long time ago. Some of its
children evolved (or changed) into humans, and other evolved
into whales or bats or chimpanzees.
24. 2. Scientists find fossilized bones of a huge
animal that doesn’t exist today.
a. What type of evidence is this?
b. Why is this evidence of evolution?
25. 3. The human gene for your muscle protein is
different from monkey muscle protein in 4
places and different from a chicken’s gene in 25
places.
a. What type of evidence is this?
b. Why is this evidence of evolution?
26. 4. Honey possums lick nectar from flowers using
a long tongue made of soft muscle. Butterflies
lick nectar from flowers using a long tongue
made of hard protein.
a. What type of evidence is this?
b. Why is this evidence of evolution?
27. 5. Humans, rabbits, and zebras all have an
appendix, an extra piece in their digestive
system, although in humans it’s much smaller.
a. What type of evidence is this?
b. Why is this evidence of evolution?
28. Let’s get this straight…
• Misconceptions about humans…The
phylogeny of living species most closely
related to us looks like this
It is important to remember that:
• Humans did not evolve from chimpanzees.
Humans and chimpanzees are evolutionary
cousins and share a recent common ancestor
that was neither chimpanzee nor human.
• Humans are not "higher" or "more evolved"
than other living lineages. Since our lineages
split, humans and chimpanzees have each
evolved traits unique to their own lineages.
From http://evolution.berkeley.edu