A presentation to explain the challenges of municipal solid waste management in Gurgaon (India) - aimed at high school students. Promotes moving towards a circular economy and an integrated approach to waste management. Promotes adoption of MSW Rules and offers suggestions for action - at a citizens level.

2. 70%
20%
10%
Wet
waste
Recyclable
Inert
Reference:
Discussions
with
MCG

3. 0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
High
income
household
Low
income
household
Waste
per
person
per
day
(g)
Organic
Grit
PlasIc
Paper
Glass
Reference:
Shristhi
and
TERI
Household
waste
composi1on

4. Background
• Economic
growth
….
• Any
limits
to
growth?
•
We
have
more
than
enough
industrial
capacity
for
car
manufacture,
but
we
are
near
the
limits
of
road-­‐space
and
throughput
capacity
• In
fact,
the
limits
to
growth
do
not
come
from
scarcity
in
supply,
but
from
the
damage
to
the
environment
and
health
associated
with
the
use
of
resources
• The
limits
to
resource
use
lie
on
the
consump>on
side
of
economic
ac1vity,
not
the
supply
side

5. Background
–
the
linear
economy
Environment
depleIon
distribuIon
consumpIon
producIon
of
goods
primary
producIon
POS- Point of Sale
private consumption
Target of economical system
Environment
discharge
disposal

6. Background
–
the
linear
economy
Efficiency of Material Flows in actual commercial systems
depleIon
distribuIon
consumpIon
producIon
of
goods
primary
producIon
POS-Point of Sale –
private consumption:
Approx. 10%
Products, never
reaching the POS:
Approx. 90%
discharge
disposal
Environment

8. The
produc1on
of
just
one
PC
• Needs
appr.
16
–
19
tons
of
resources
(a
car
needs
appr.
28
tons)
• Appr.
700
different
substances,
appr.
3,000
l
water
and
2,000
kWh
electricity
• During
produc1on
appr.
60
kg
of
hazardous
waste
is
generated
(FCHW
and
acids
)
• Life
1me
of
individual
parts
is
up
to
20
years,
the
pc
however
is
replaced
aYer
2
to
4
years
Reference: sustainable management – mindset-values-action

9. Projected
need
for
2
planet
by
2050
1900 21002002 2050
Reference: Wuppertal Institute

10.
says the other:
“Yes, I suffer from homo
sapiens"
A planet meets the other:
“You do look bad!"
The first one answers:
“Don´t worry,
this will pass!"

11. Moving
away
from
the
linear
economy
…
towards
a
circular
economy

12. Recycling
is
good,
but
…
What
else
can
we
do?

13.
What
else
can
we
do?
We
can
say
to

14. Not
just
Recycling
…

15. FIGURE 6 The circular economy—an industrial system that is restorative by design
Farming/collection1
Biochemical
feedstock
Restoration
Biogas
Anaerobic
digestion/
composting
Extraction of
biochemical
feedstock2
Cascades
Collection
Energy recovery
Leakage to be minimised
Parts manufacturer
Product manufacturer
Service provider
Landfill
Collection
User
Biosphere
Mining/materials manufacturing
Technical nutrients
Recycle
Refurbish/
remanufacture
Reuse/redistribute
Maintenance
1 Hunting and fishing
2 Can take both post-harvest and post-consumer waste as an input
Source: Ellen MacArthur Foundation circular economy team
6 2803 0006 9
Consumer
Biological nutrients

16. What
is
waste?

17. Output
we
do
not
want
to
have!
Or
…
we
do
not
know
how
to
use!
Emissions air
Energy
Product
Input
Process
Emissions water
Waste
Output we do
not want to
have

18. Waste
management
-­‐
is
more
than
simply
arranging
dust
bins
in
the
city!
Ø Compliance
with
MSW
Rules
Ø Integrated
approach
to
waste
management
Ø InformaIon/moIvaIon
Ø ConInuous
controlling
Instead
of
just
managing
waste,
we
need
to
first
manage
our
aVtude
towards
waste!

19. Waste
can
be
...
Avoided &
Reduced
(minimise inputs
increase efficiency)
Change
raw
material
Change
process
Change
technology
Good
House-
keeping
Services
instead
of products
Change
product
I.
Recycled
Within
the process
Inside
the
company
externally
II.
Disposed of
Reduction
of the volume
De-toxi-
fication
Stabilisation
Energetically
III.
Properly
!!
Avoided &
Reduced
(minimise inputs
increase efficiency)
Change
raw
material
Change
process
Change
technology
Good
House-
keeping
Services
instead
of products
Change
product
I.
Recycled
Within
the process
Inside
the
company
externally
II.
Disposed of
Reduction
of the volume
De-toxi-
fication
Stabilisation
Energetically
III.
Properly
!!
Integrated waste management

21. Reuse
and
manpower
•
An
increase
of
reuse
and
remanufacturing,
corresponds
to
subs1tu1ng
labour
for
energy
•
Skilled
and
experienced
craYsmen
repair
and
manufacture
in
compara1vely
small
workshops
wherever
goods
need
to
be
repaired
and
there
is
a
market
for
them
•
These
workshops
are
usually
located
in
rural
or
urban
area
with
high
unemployment,
making
reuse
a
double
acrac1ve
proposi1on
Approaches – suitable for India

22. Prac1cal
op1ons
Reduce
• Packaging
• Borrow
–
don’t
buy!
• ….
Reuse
• Cloth
bags
for
shopping
• Cans,
juice
bocles
• Clothes,
books,
toys
…
• Both
sides
of
paper

23. Prac1cal
op1ons
Segregate
Waste
to
obtain
Wealth
• Bio
waste
– Vegetable
oils
–
filter
and
use
– Bio
mass
–
Bio
Digester
(Methane
gas
+
fer1liser)
– Compos1ng
• Oil
–
recyle
(re-­‐refining
and
reuse)
• Paper
and
wood
–
reuse
before
recyling
• Plas1cs
(no
burning!)
–
reuse
before
recycling
• Packing
materials
–
use
natural
packing

27. Closed-loop waste management 6
The biorefinery solution developed by Pectcof has several
advantages. First, it enables coffee producers to detoxify
their waste stream and therefore reduces their spending in
waste management. It also prevents toxic leaching into
rivers, lakes or soil that existed before the new process and
therefore has a positive impact on the environment.
Up to now, Pectcof has managed to produce pectin from
coffee pulp with applications in the food products and
pharmaceuticals industries. They are currently working on
biochemical and bio-fuels that could be produced from the
new process.
Separation of coffee bean and pulp in the coffee cherry
The no-waste closed-loop approach of Pectcof
Source: Pectcof12
inability to separate blended fibre garments, dyes and other
contaminants. The new Worn Again solution aims to
recapture polyester and cellulose from cotton and eliminate
this hurdle.
The company has received large press coverage when it was
collaborating with household names such as Eurostar, Virgin
and McDonald’s. However, since then, their business model
shifted from “upcycling”, which means converting waste
materials into new products, to closed loop recycling
technology development. The company is currently
partnering with major clothing retailers, while exploring
routes to industrialisation.
Old staff uniforms turned into bags for Eurostar
Source: Worn Again13
Problem 3 – With the average user changing their mobile
phone every 18 months, there is a large waste of electronic
devices and accessories.
Innovative solution 3 – SecondLifElectronics has developed
a recycling solution for portable electronic devices. The
mission of the firm is to collect, refurbish, reuse mobile
phones, portable electronics and their accessories. The
solution developed by SecondLifElectronids is particularly
beneficial for the end-users. They can now earn revenues
from what they previously discarded, and thus renew their
devices more often.
The company is aiming at two types of clients for the
collected devices. Firstly, the end of life stock is recycled by
melting to leverage on the parts with high value. Secondly,
the devices, which can still be used, are sold to emerging
markets, where the demand for such products is high.
Closed-loop waste management
The no-waste closed-loop approach of Pectcof
Source: Pectcof12
Source: W
Problem
phone ev
devices a
Innovati
a recyc
mission
phones,
solution
benefici
from wh
devices
The com
collected
melting
the devi
markets
Coffee pulp is
“waste”

28. ently working on
oduced from the
offee cherry
cof
materials into new products, to closed loop recycling
technology development. The company is currently
partnering with major clothing retailers, while exploring
routes to industrialisation.
Old staff uniforms turned into bags for Eurostar
Source: Worn Again13
Problem 3 – With the average user changing their mobile
phone every 18 months, there is a large waste of electronic
devices and accessories.
Innovative solution 3 – SecondLifElectronics has developed
a recycling solution for portable electronic devices. The
mission of the firm is to collect, refurbish, reuse mobile
phones, portable electronics and their accessories. The
solution developed by SecondLifElectronids is particularly
beneficial for the end-users. They can now earn revenues
Staff old uniforms made into bags
for the staff

29. Municipal
Solid
Waste
(Management
and
Handling)
Rules,
2000
All
urban
local
bodies
…
waste
collec1on,
segrega1on,
storage,
transporta1on,
processing
and
disposal
…
By
31-­‐Dec-­‐2003
!

30. A
MSW
management
success
story…

31. “Whatever
you
may
do
may
seem
insignificant
to
you,
but
it’s
most
important
that
you
do
it”
-­‐
Mahatma
Gandhi

32. Thank
you
for
your
acen1on
For
addi,onal
informa,on,
please
contact:
STENUM
Asia
Sustainable
Development
Society
SFF
101,
Palam
Triangle,
Palam
Vihar,
Gurgaon
122017
www.stenum-­‐asia.org
Rajat
BATRA
9811051918
rajat.batra@stenum-­‐asia.org