SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 13
“The Humanoid Robots”

Presented by:
Rajeev Verma
Outline
• What is a Humanoid Robots?
• History of Humanoid development at Honda Research lab.
• Development of Honda humanoid P2.
• ASIMO
• Features
• capabilities
• Applications of Humanoids
• Conclusion

Rajeev Verma

2
What is Humanoid Robot?
• Any Robot whose body structure resembles that of a

human: Head, Legs, arms, hands.
• It resembles a human both in appearance and behavior.
•
• Can be Autonomous (risky too).
•
• Legged locomotive or “biped”.
•
• Arm control and controlled hand movement.

Rajeev Verma

3
History of Humanoids

Rajeev Verma

4
History of Humanoids cont..
Model

2000, 2001, 2002

●

2004

●

Mass
Height

120 cm

Width
Depth

130 cm

45 cm

●

Battery

●

●

●

●

Degrees of Freedom

●

Images

●

130 cm

●

●

44 cm

Walking speed

●

●

●

●

48 kg

●

●

●

●

54 kg

●

●

2011

●

52 kg

●

●

2005, 2007

●

1.6 km/hour

Nickel metal hydride
38.4 V / 10 Ah/ 7.7 kg
4 hours to fully charge

45 cm
37 cm

2.5 km/hour

●

●

45 cm

●

34 cm

2.7 km/hour
1.6 km/hour (carrying 1 kg)
●

Lithium ion
51.8 V / 6 kg
3 hours to fully charge

Lithium ion
51.8 V / 6 kg
3 hours to fully charge

●

●

●34
●57
26
(head: 2, arm: 5×2, hand: (head: 3, arm: 7×2, hand: 2×2, torso: 1, leg: 6×2) (head: 3, arm: 7×2, hand:
1×2, leg: 6×2)
13×2, torso: 2, leg: 6×2)
●

●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●

Rajeev Verma

5
Who is ASIMO?
•

ASIMO is a humanoid robot created in 2000 by Honda.

•

ASIMO stands for Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility

•

11th in line of successive bipedal humanoid model’s by honda.

•

First version is disclosed in 2000 after 15 year research.

•

It is the 4th man like humanoid robot

§



Rajeev Verma

6
ASIMO

Rajeev Verma

7
Features of ASIMO (2011)
• Can recognize moving objects, postures and gestures.
• Two cameras are useful to detect multiple objects.
• Can distinguish between different voices.
• Can interpret human hand movement and recognize a handshake is offered.
• Can walk like human, climb stairs, serve coffee,
• Respond to its name and recognize sound for falling objects.
• Can recognize 10 different faces and address them by name.
• Can adjust length of step, body position, speed and direction.

Rajeev Verma

8
Other competitors of ASIMO
§
§
§
§
§
§
§

Kawada Industries' HRP-2
SONY's QRIO robot
Fujitsu's HOAP Series
ZMP Robots
Toyota Robots
Kokoro Company's Actroid
Samsung's Roboray

Rajeev Verma

9
Humanoid Robot applications

Rajeev Verma

10
Conclusion
• Want a robot to cook and serve your dinner

• Clean your house.
• Get your groceries.

Entertainment…:P
NO!

• Help you to clean your garden.
• Take care of your industry plant.
• And many more.

Rajeev Verma

11
Questions?

Rajeev Verma

12
Thank you!

Rajeev Verma

13

Más contenido relacionado

La actualidad más candente (20)

HUMANOID ROBOT
HUMANOID ROBOTHUMANOID ROBOT
HUMANOID ROBOT
 
Humanoid robotics
Humanoid roboticsHumanoid robotics
Humanoid robotics
 
Humanoid Robots || PPT || for electronic and electrical engineering
Humanoid Robots || PPT || for electronic and electrical engineeringHumanoid Robots || PPT || for electronic and electrical engineering
Humanoid Robots || PPT || for electronic and electrical engineering
 
Humanoid robot by mitesh kumar
Humanoid robot by mitesh kumarHumanoid robot by mitesh kumar
Humanoid robot by mitesh kumar
 
HUMANOID ROBOTS
HUMANOID ROBOTSHUMANOID ROBOTS
HUMANOID ROBOTS
 
Humanoid robot
Humanoid robotHumanoid robot
Humanoid robot
 
Humanoid robot
Humanoid robotHumanoid robot
Humanoid robot
 
Humanoid robots
Humanoid robotsHumanoid robots
Humanoid robots
 
Robotics
RoboticsRobotics
Robotics
 
Robotics
Robotics Robotics
Robotics
 
Humanoid robots
Humanoid robotsHumanoid robots
Humanoid robots
 
Humanoid robot by Mitesh kumar
Humanoid robot by Mitesh kumar Humanoid robot by Mitesh kumar
Humanoid robot by Mitesh kumar
 
Robotics Presentation
Robotics PresentationRobotics Presentation
Robotics Presentation
 
robotics
robotics robotics
robotics
 
Robotics and Technology
Robotics and TechnologyRobotics and Technology
Robotics and Technology
 
Basic of Robotics and application
Basic of Robotics and application  Basic of Robotics and application
Basic of Robotics and application
 
Robotics ppt
Robotics pptRobotics ppt
Robotics ppt
 
Robots: state of-the-art and future trends
Robots: state of-the-art and future trendsRobots: state of-the-art and future trends
Robots: state of-the-art and future trends
 
Robotics of Future
Robotics of FutureRobotics of Future
Robotics of Future
 
Robotics
RoboticsRobotics
Robotics
 

Destacado (13)

Intelligence of Humanoid robots
Intelligence of Humanoid robotsIntelligence of Humanoid robots
Intelligence of Humanoid robots
 
From Vision to Actions - Towards Adaptive & Autonomous Humanoid Robots [PhD D...
From Vision to Actions - Towards Adaptive & Autonomous Humanoid Robots [PhD D...From Vision to Actions - Towards Adaptive & Autonomous Humanoid Robots [PhD D...
From Vision to Actions - Towards Adaptive & Autonomous Humanoid Robots [PhD D...
 
History of Robotics
History of RoboticsHistory of Robotics
History of Robotics
 
humaniod robots BY SMJppt
humaniod robots BY SMJppthumaniod robots BY SMJppt
humaniod robots BY SMJppt
 
Humanoid robot
Humanoid robotHumanoid robot
Humanoid robot
 
A comparison of humanoid and non-humanoid robots in supporting the learning o...
A comparison of humanoid and non-humanoid robots in supporting the learning o...A comparison of humanoid and non-humanoid robots in supporting the learning o...
A comparison of humanoid and non-humanoid robots in supporting the learning o...
 
ASIMO
ASIMOASIMO
ASIMO
 
Ss7 Introduction Li In
Ss7 Introduction Li InSs7 Introduction Li In
Ss7 Introduction Li In
 
Asimo presentation
Asimo presentationAsimo presentation
Asimo presentation
 
Signaling system 7 (ss7)
Signaling system 7 (ss7)Signaling system 7 (ss7)
Signaling system 7 (ss7)
 
SS7
SS7SS7
SS7
 
Design of Control System for Humanoid Robot
Design of Control System for Humanoid RobotDesign of Control System for Humanoid Robot
Design of Control System for Humanoid Robot
 
Signaling system 7 (ss7)
Signaling system 7 (ss7)Signaling system 7 (ss7)
Signaling system 7 (ss7)
 

Similar a The humanoid robots

robotica and automation . robotics introduction
robotica and automation . robotics introductionrobotica and automation . robotics introduction
robotica and automation . robotics introductionDrMNagarajanbiher
 
Basics Of Robotics by Atharva Parate.pptx
Basics Of Robotics by Atharva Parate.pptxBasics Of Robotics by Atharva Parate.pptx
Basics Of Robotics by Atharva Parate.pptxatharva6010
 
Types and Evolution of Robots in Human life day by day
Types and Evolution of Robots in Human life day by dayTypes and Evolution of Robots in Human life day by day
Types and Evolution of Robots in Human life day by dayHarikrishna Bala
 
Robotics by abhishek mahajan
Robotics by abhishek mahajanRobotics by abhishek mahajan
Robotics by abhishek mahajanAbhishek Mahajan
 
Asmod Ali Mondal On Robotics.pdf full details
Asmod Ali Mondal On Robotics.pdf full detailsAsmod Ali Mondal On Robotics.pdf full details
Asmod Ali Mondal On Robotics.pdf full detailspradipmandal60036
 
Asmod Ali Mondal On Robotics.pdf full details
Asmod Ali Mondal On Robotics.pdf full detailsAsmod Ali Mondal On Robotics.pdf full details
Asmod Ali Mondal On Robotics.pdf full detailspradipmandal60036
 
Robotics-ppt.pptx
Robotics-ppt.pptxRobotics-ppt.pptx
Robotics-ppt.pptxCharan Vk
 
Presentation.pdf
Presentation.pdfPresentation.pdf
Presentation.pdfKasiNath17
 
Robots & Robotics
Robots & RoboticsRobots & Robotics
Robots & RoboticsRajiv Manna
 
humanoid robot in current introduction
 humanoid robot in current introduction humanoid robot in current introduction
humanoid robot in current introductionAbhilash Ak
 
slid hexpod robot.pptx
slid hexpod robot.pptxslid hexpod robot.pptx
slid hexpod robot.pptxShamithK
 
Roboticsggggggggggggggggggggggggggg - .pptx
Roboticsggggggggggggggggggggggggggg - .pptxRoboticsggggggggggggggggggggggggggg - .pptx
Roboticsggggggggggggggggggggggggggg - .pptxsadaf qasim
 

Similar a The humanoid robots (20)

Human robot
Human robot Human robot
Human robot
 
robotica and automation . robotics introduction
robotica and automation . robotics introductionrobotica and automation . robotics introduction
robotica and automation . robotics introduction
 
Basics Of Robotics by Atharva Parate.pptx
Basics Of Robotics by Atharva Parate.pptxBasics Of Robotics by Atharva Parate.pptx
Basics Of Robotics by Atharva Parate.pptx
 
Types and Evolution of Robots in Human life day by day
Types and Evolution of Robots in Human life day by dayTypes and Evolution of Robots in Human life day by day
Types and Evolution of Robots in Human life day by day
 
Robotics
RoboticsRobotics
Robotics
 
Robotics by abhishek mahajan
Robotics by abhishek mahajanRobotics by abhishek mahajan
Robotics by abhishek mahajan
 
Asmod Ali Mondal On Robotics.pdf full details
Asmod Ali Mondal On Robotics.pdf full detailsAsmod Ali Mondal On Robotics.pdf full details
Asmod Ali Mondal On Robotics.pdf full details
 
Asmod Ali Mondal On Robotics.pdf full details
Asmod Ali Mondal On Robotics.pdf full detailsAsmod Ali Mondal On Robotics.pdf full details
Asmod Ali Mondal On Robotics.pdf full details
 
Human robo
Human roboHuman robo
Human robo
 
Robotics-ppt.pptx
Robotics-ppt.pptxRobotics-ppt.pptx
Robotics-ppt.pptx
 
Presentation.pdf
Presentation.pdfPresentation.pdf
Presentation.pdf
 
Robotics
RoboticsRobotics
Robotics
 
Robots & Robotics
Robots & RoboticsRobots & Robotics
Robots & Robotics
 
humanoid robort.pptx
humanoid robort.pptxhumanoid robort.pptx
humanoid robort.pptx
 
humanoid robot in current introduction
 humanoid robot in current introduction humanoid robot in current introduction
humanoid robot in current introduction
 
slid hexpod robot.pptx
slid hexpod robot.pptxslid hexpod robot.pptx
slid hexpod robot.pptx
 
Roboticsggggggggggggggggggggggggggg - .pptx
Roboticsggggggggggggggggggggggggggg - .pptxRoboticsggggggggggggggggggggggggggg - .pptx
Roboticsggggggggggggggggggggggggggg - .pptx
 
Humanoids
HumanoidsHumanoids
Humanoids
 
Basic Robotics Workshop Slides
Basic Robotics Workshop SlidesBasic Robotics Workshop Slides
Basic Robotics Workshop Slides
 
robotics-1.ppt
robotics-1.pptrobotics-1.ppt
robotics-1.ppt
 

Último

JAPAN: ORGANISATION OF PMDA, PHARMACEUTICAL LAWS & REGULATIONS, TYPES OF REGI...
JAPAN: ORGANISATION OF PMDA, PHARMACEUTICAL LAWS & REGULATIONS, TYPES OF REGI...JAPAN: ORGANISATION OF PMDA, PHARMACEUTICAL LAWS & REGULATIONS, TYPES OF REGI...
JAPAN: ORGANISATION OF PMDA, PHARMACEUTICAL LAWS & REGULATIONS, TYPES OF REGI...anjaliyadav012327
 
Russian Call Girls in Andheri Airport Mumbai WhatsApp 9167673311 💞 Full Nigh...
Russian Call Girls in Andheri Airport Mumbai WhatsApp  9167673311 💞 Full Nigh...Russian Call Girls in Andheri Airport Mumbai WhatsApp  9167673311 💞 Full Nigh...
Russian Call Girls in Andheri Airport Mumbai WhatsApp 9167673311 💞 Full Nigh...Pooja Nehwal
 
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and ModeMeasures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and ModeThiyagu K
 
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdfQucHHunhnh
 
Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot Graph
Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot GraphZ Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot Graph
Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot GraphThiyagu K
 
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SDMeasures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SDThiyagu K
 
Student login on Anyboli platform.helpin
Student login on Anyboli platform.helpinStudent login on Anyboli platform.helpin
Student login on Anyboli platform.helpinRaunakKeshri1
 
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impactAccessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impactdawncurless
 
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdfActivity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdfciinovamais
 
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptxThe basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptxPOINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptxSayali Powar
 
social pharmacy d-pharm 1st year by Pragati K. Mahajan
social pharmacy d-pharm 1st year by Pragati K. Mahajansocial pharmacy d-pharm 1st year by Pragati K. Mahajan
social pharmacy d-pharm 1st year by Pragati K. Mahajanpragatimahajan3
 
Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17
Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17
Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)eniolaolutunde
 
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communicationInteractive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communicationnomboosow
 
The byproduct of sericulture in different industries.pptx
The byproduct of sericulture in different industries.pptxThe byproduct of sericulture in different industries.pptx
The byproduct of sericulture in different industries.pptxShobhayan Kirtania
 
Separation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and Actinides
Separation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and ActinidesSeparation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and Actinides
Separation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and ActinidesFatimaKhan178732
 

Último (20)

JAPAN: ORGANISATION OF PMDA, PHARMACEUTICAL LAWS & REGULATIONS, TYPES OF REGI...
JAPAN: ORGANISATION OF PMDA, PHARMACEUTICAL LAWS & REGULATIONS, TYPES OF REGI...JAPAN: ORGANISATION OF PMDA, PHARMACEUTICAL LAWS & REGULATIONS, TYPES OF REGI...
JAPAN: ORGANISATION OF PMDA, PHARMACEUTICAL LAWS & REGULATIONS, TYPES OF REGI...
 
Russian Call Girls in Andheri Airport Mumbai WhatsApp 9167673311 💞 Full Nigh...
Russian Call Girls in Andheri Airport Mumbai WhatsApp  9167673311 💞 Full Nigh...Russian Call Girls in Andheri Airport Mumbai WhatsApp  9167673311 💞 Full Nigh...
Russian Call Girls in Andheri Airport Mumbai WhatsApp 9167673311 💞 Full Nigh...
 
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and ModeMeasures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode
 
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
 
Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot Graph
Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot GraphZ Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot Graph
Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot Graph
 
INDIA QUIZ 2024 RLAC DELHI UNIVERSITY.pptx
INDIA QUIZ 2024 RLAC DELHI UNIVERSITY.pptxINDIA QUIZ 2024 RLAC DELHI UNIVERSITY.pptx
INDIA QUIZ 2024 RLAC DELHI UNIVERSITY.pptx
 
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SDMeasures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
 
Student login on Anyboli platform.helpin
Student login on Anyboli platform.helpinStudent login on Anyboli platform.helpin
Student login on Anyboli platform.helpin
 
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impactAccessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
 
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdfActivity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
Activity 01 - Artificial Culture (1).pdf
 
Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1
Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1
Código Creativo y Arte de Software | Unidad 1
 
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptxThe basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
The basics of sentences session 2pptx copy.pptx
 
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptxPOINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
POINT- BIOCHEMISTRY SEM 2 ENZYMES UNIT 5.pptx
 
social pharmacy d-pharm 1st year by Pragati K. Mahajan
social pharmacy d-pharm 1st year by Pragati K. Mahajansocial pharmacy d-pharm 1st year by Pragati K. Mahajan
social pharmacy d-pharm 1st year by Pragati K. Mahajan
 
Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17
Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17
Advanced Views - Calendar View in Odoo 17
 
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: The Basics of Prompt Design"
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: The Basics of Prompt Design"Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: The Basics of Prompt Design"
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: The Basics of Prompt Design"
 
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
 
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communicationInteractive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
Interactive Powerpoint_How to Master effective communication
 
The byproduct of sericulture in different industries.pptx
The byproduct of sericulture in different industries.pptxThe byproduct of sericulture in different industries.pptx
The byproduct of sericulture in different industries.pptx
 
Separation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and Actinides
Separation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and ActinidesSeparation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and Actinides
Separation of Lanthanides/ Lanthanides and Actinides
 

The humanoid robots

  • 2. Outline • What is a Humanoid Robots? • History of Humanoid development at Honda Research lab. • Development of Honda humanoid P2. • ASIMO • Features • capabilities • Applications of Humanoids • Conclusion Rajeev Verma 2
  • 3. What is Humanoid Robot? • Any Robot whose body structure resembles that of a human: Head, Legs, arms, hands. • It resembles a human both in appearance and behavior. • • Can be Autonomous (risky too). • • Legged locomotive or “biped”. • • Arm control and controlled hand movement. Rajeev Verma 3
  • 5. History of Humanoids cont.. Model 2000, 2001, 2002 ● 2004 ● Mass Height 120 cm Width Depth 130 cm 45 cm ● Battery ● ● ● ● Degrees of Freedom ● Images ● 130 cm ● ● 44 cm Walking speed ● ● ● ● 48 kg ● ● ● ● 54 kg ● ● 2011 ● 52 kg ● ● 2005, 2007 ● 1.6 km/hour Nickel metal hydride 38.4 V / 10 Ah/ 7.7 kg 4 hours to fully charge 45 cm 37 cm 2.5 km/hour ● ● 45 cm ● 34 cm 2.7 km/hour 1.6 km/hour (carrying 1 kg) ● Lithium ion 51.8 V / 6 kg 3 hours to fully charge Lithium ion 51.8 V / 6 kg 3 hours to fully charge ● ● ●34 ●57 26 (head: 2, arm: 5×2, hand: (head: 3, arm: 7×2, hand: 2×2, torso: 1, leg: 6×2) (head: 3, arm: 7×2, hand: 1×2, leg: 6×2) 13×2, torso: 2, leg: 6×2) ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Rajeev Verma 5
  • 6. Who is ASIMO? • ASIMO is a humanoid robot created in 2000 by Honda. • ASIMO stands for Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility • 11th in line of successive bipedal humanoid model’s by honda. • First version is disclosed in 2000 after 15 year research. • It is the 4th man like humanoid robot §   Rajeev Verma 6
  • 8. Features of ASIMO (2011) • Can recognize moving objects, postures and gestures. • Two cameras are useful to detect multiple objects. • Can distinguish between different voices. • Can interpret human hand movement and recognize a handshake is offered. • Can walk like human, climb stairs, serve coffee, • Respond to its name and recognize sound for falling objects. • Can recognize 10 different faces and address them by name. • Can adjust length of step, body position, speed and direction. Rajeev Verma 8
  • 9. Other competitors of ASIMO § § § § § § § Kawada Industries' HRP-2 SONY's QRIO robot Fujitsu's HOAP Series ZMP Robots Toyota Robots Kokoro Company's Actroid Samsung's Roboray Rajeev Verma 9
  • 11. Conclusion • Want a robot to cook and serve your dinner • Clean your house. • Get your groceries. Entertainment…:P NO! • Help you to clean your garden. • Take care of your industry plant. • And many more. Rajeev Verma 11

Notas del editor

  1. <number>
  2. <number>
  3. <number>
  4. <number>
  5. <number>
  6. <number>
  7. <number>
  8. <number>
  9. <number>
  10. <number>
  11. <number>
  12. <number>